Avaliação ecocardiográfica de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia mitral com papilopexia cruzada

FUNDAMENTO: As técnicas de substituição mitral com preservação do aparelho subvalvar têm reafirmado sua superioridade, sendo a papilopexia cruzada uma nova opção técnica que além de permitir preservação de estruturas anatômicas, oferece suporte na contração e protege o miocárdio na diástole ventricular, necessitando de estudos que documentem seus resultados. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as funções atrial e ventricular esquerdas, através de ecodopplercardiografia, em pacientes submetidos à substituição da valva mitral com papilopexia cruzada. MÉTODOS: Foram submetidos à substituição valvar mitral 15 pacientes, sendo nove (60%) do sexo masculino, com idade média de 45,7 anos. Quanto à etiologia, nove (60%) casos eram degenerativos, três (20%) reumáticos, dois (13,3%) isquêmicos e um (6,7%) com endocardite infecciosa. Após atriotomia e avaliação anatômica do aparelho valvar o folheto anterior foi desinserido do anel e centralmente dividido, sendo cada metade com seu complexo de cordas tendíneas fixada à comissura oposta por sua extremidade medial. Foi Implantada a prótese valvar biológica (em 13 casos) ou mecânica, fixada por pontos separados, com redução do anel valvar nos casos com miocardiopatia dilatada. Foram tomadas avaliações clinicas e ecodopplercardiográficas no pré-operatório, e sexto mês de pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes receberam alta em condições clínicas estáveis. Foi demonstrada redução significativa dos diâmetros ventriculares e dos diâmetros atriais (p< 0,001) sem comprometimento das vias de entrada e saída do ventrículo esquerdo. CONCLUSÃO: As substituições da valva mitral realizadas com a técnica de papilopexia cruzada apresentaram resultados favoráveis, com efeito positivo na recuperação morfológica atrial e ventricular esquerdas.

Terapia fotodinâmica: princípios, potencial de aplicação e perspectivas

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has been designated as a promising new modality in the treatment of cancer and other diseases since the early 1980s. It has been used with success for the treatment of a variety of tumours, and attempts are being made to extend this treatment modality to other clinical conditions (as example, the inactivation of viruses in blood and blood components). This can be partly attributed to the very attractive basic concept of PDT: the combination of a photosensitizing drug and light, which are relatively harmless by themselves but combined (in the presence of oxygen) ultimately cause more or less selective tumour destruction.

Construção e estudos de perfomance de um reator fotoquímico tipo CPC ("Compound Parabolic Concentrator")

A CPC (Compound Parabolic Concentrator) reactor was projected and constructed aiming to promote the degradation of the organic matter present in considerable volumes of aqueous effluents, under the action of solar radiation. The essays were done using a model effluent which consists of a mixture of fragments of a sodium salt of lignosulphonic acid possessing a mean molecular weigth of 52,000 Daltons, and a real effluent, from a chip board industry. The volume of effluent in each test was about 50 L. The tests involved heterogeneous (TiO2 P25 Degussa and formulations made from the association of TiO2 with a photosensitiser), and homogeneous (thermal and photochemical Fenton reactions) catalysis of the effluents. The results demonstrate the viability of application of this kind of reactor even when the load of organic pollutants is high.

Monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial em gestantes normotensas: estudo longitudinal da pressão arterial e da freqüência cardíaca materna nos três trimestres da gestação

OBJETIVO: mostrar, longitudinalmente, os perfis e os parâmetros do ritmo pressórico e da freqüência cardíaca (FC) de grávidas normotensas nos três trimestres da gestação pela monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA). MÉTODOS: o estudo, longitudinal e aleatório, incluiu 23 grávidas normotensas com média de idade de 23,3 ± 3,9 anos, recrutadas no pré-natal da Maternidade-Escola Hilda Brandão da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte/MG. Realizou-se MAPA em cada trimestre (até a 14ª semana, entre a 18ª e a 28ª semana e entre a 32ª e a 40ª semana), utilizando o monitor SpaceLabs, modelo 90207. RESULTADOS: Observou-se aumento significativo (p<0,01) nas pressões arteriais sistólica (115 e 104 mmHg), diastólica (73 e 61 mmHg) e média (87 e 77 mmHg), diurna e noturna, respectivamente, no terceiro trimestre da gestação. A pressão arterial média (PAM) e a FC materna diurnas (PAM: 83, 84 e 87 mmHg; FC: 94, 95 e 93 bpm) foram significativamente maiores que as noturnas (PAM: 72, 72 e 77 mmHg; FC: 74, 79 e 79 bpm), nos três trimestres. A freqüência cardíaca materna diária e a diurna não se alteraram com o evoluir da gravidez. CONCLUSÃO: observamos aumento dos níveis pressóricos no terceiro trimestre da gestação, independente do período do dia avaliado. Quanto à freqüência cardíaca, não foram constatadas diferenças significativas entre os três trimestres na avaliação diária e na diurna. No período noturno verificou-se freqüência cardíaca significativamente inferior no primeiro trimestre quando comparada com os demais.

Don Francisco Giner de los Ríos.

Hoy al tener notica de su muerte he recordado al maestro de hace treinta años. Era entonces un niño (Antonio Machado), él tenía ya la barba y el cabello blanco. En su clase de párvulos, como en su cátedra universitaria, Don Francisco se sentaba siempre con sus alumnos y trabajaba con ellos familiar y amorosamente. El respeto lo ponían los niños o los hombres que congregaba el maestro en torno suyo. Su modo de enseñar era el socrático, el diálogo sencillo y persuasivo. Estimulaba el alma de sus discípulos para que la ciencia fuese pensada, vivida por ellos mismo. Lo que importa es aprender a pensar. Desdeñaba todo lo aparatoso, decorativo y solemne. Sabido es que el maestro de maestros no examina nunca. Incapaz de mentir y callar la verdad y como no podía ser grosero derivaba hacia la ironía con la que no pretendía herir a nadie. Era sencillo, austero hasta la santidad. Jamás creeré en su muerte porque su alma vendrá a nosotros en el sol matinal que alumbra los talleres, las moradas del pensamiento y del trabajo.

Study of the spectroscopic properties and first hyperpolarizabilities of disperse azo dyes derived from 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole

The solvatochromism and other spectroscopic and photophysical characteristics of four azo disperse dyes, derived from 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole, were evaluated and interpreted with the aid of experimental data and quantum mechanical calculations. For the non-substituted compound two conformers, E and Z, were proposed for the isolated molecules, being the second one considerably less stable. The optimization of these structures in combination with a SCRF methodology (IEFPCM, Simulating the molecules in a continuum dielectric with characteristics of methanol), suggests that the Z form is not stable in solution. This same behaviour is expected for the substituted compounds, which is corroborated by experimental data presented in previous investigations [A.E.H. Machado, L.M. Rodrigues, S. Gupta, A.M.F. Oliveira-Campos, A.M.S. Silva, J. Mol. Struct. 738 (2005) 239-245]. For the substituted compounds, two forms derived from E conformer (A and R) are possible. Quantum mechanical data suggest for the isolated molecules, that the low energy absorption hand of the E conformers involve at least two close electronic states. having the low-lying excited state a (1)(n,pi*) nature, and being the S-2 state attributed to a (1)(pi,pi*) transition. The data also suggest a small energy gap between the absorption peaks of A and B, related to the easy conversion between these forms. For the structures optimized in combination with the applied SCRF methodology, an states inversion is observed for the Substituted compounds, with a considerable diminish of the energy gap between A and B absorption peaks. The electronic spectra of these compounds are quite sensitive to changes in the solvent polarity. The positive solvatochromism is more evident in aprotic solvents, probably due to the polarization induced by the solute. These compounds do not fluoresce at 298 K, but present a small but perceptible fluorescence at 77 K, which seems to be favoured by the nature of the group in the 2 `-position of the phenyl ring. Moreover, such compounds present expressive values for first hyperpolarizability, which implies in good non-linear optics (NLO) responses and photoswitching capability. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Second Critical Micellar Concentration of SDS and SDS/Brij 30 Systems

Potentially useful stead-state fluorimetric technique was used to determine the critical micellar concentrations (CMC(1) and CMC(2)) for two micellar media, one formed by SDS and the other by SDS/Brij 30. A comparative study based on conductimetric and surfacial tension measurements suggests that the CMC(1) estimated by the fluorimetric method is lower than the value estimated by these other techniques. Equivalent values were observed for SDS micelles without Brij 30 neutral co-surfactant. The use of acridine orange as fluorescent probe permitted to determine both CMC(1) and CMC(2). Based on it an explanation on aspects of micelle formation mechanism is presented, particularly based on a spherical and a rod like structures.

Comunicação para prevenção de danos ao consumidor com uso da Internet

Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Mestrado em Comunicação da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul - USCS

Comunicação e a prevenção de dados no uso da internet

Introdução: A comunicação bancária tem registrado uso intenso de novas tecnologias e conteúdos, caso do net banking, o que gera novas possibilidades e relações com o cliente bancário. Trata-se de um consumidor que é incentivado a conhecer os serviços oferecidos por meio de novos canais, a visualizar esses atributos, mas se ele detectar restrições informativas ou falhas na comunicação, irá se manifestar de alguma forma. Muitos consumidores lidam com fraudes ou danos causados pelo sistema de acesso virtual disponibilizado pelos bancos. Tal contexto apresenta inovações no sistema de comunicação protagonizado pelos bancos e consumidores midiatizados pela internet. Objetivo: Descrever a comunicação bancária voltada para a prevenção de danos quando do uso de seus websites pelos consumidores. Metodologia: Foram pesquisados os websites dos bancos Bradesco, Itaú e Banco do Brasil, além de pesquisa de opinião com 130 usuários do net banking desses bancos. Resultados: Os bancos reservam em seus websites espaços específicos e não padronizados para a prevenção de danos ao consumidor no uso do net banking, enquanto os clientes usam tais serviços de forma parcial. Conclusões: Os resultados encontrados não podem ser generalizados, servindo o presente estudo como degrau para que outros trabalhos possam aprofundar o objeto de estudo apresentado a fim de dimensionar com maior amplitude e representatividade a gestão da prevenção de danos ao consumidor no contexto do net banking.

Marca país - estratégia brasileira para construir sua Marca

The objective of this work is to deeply study of the concept Value of a Country, developed for Simon Anholt who comes to be on-line with what we believe to be the best form to evaluate a Nation, that is, not leading in account only given of per capita product or level of industrial competitiveness, but also given relative to the culture, traditions and tourism and the perception of the people in relation to one determined country, as customers in one satisfaction research. We will work using concepts in the conception of ranking and that they are: Tourism, Exportations, Government, Investments and Immigration, Culture and Population. To the end we wait to have contributed for one better knowledge of the concept and the suggestion for new works. As well as an analyzing the Brazilian position, and what we are making to fortify our image.

Phagocytosis of PLGA microparticles in rat peritoneal exudate cells: A time-dependent study

With the purpose of enhancing the efficacy of microparticle-encapsulated therapeutic agents, in this study we evaluated the phagocytic ability of rat peritoneal exudate cells and the preferential location of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles inside these cells. The microparticles used were produced by a solvent evaporation method and were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Size distribution analysis using DLS and SEM showed that the particles were spherical, with diameters falling between 0.5 and 1.5 mu m. Results from cell adhesion by SEM assay, indicated that the PLGA microparticles are not toxic to cells and do not cause any distinct damage to them as confirmed by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Among the large variety of cell populations found in the peritoneal exudates (neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and macrophages), TEM showed that only the latter phagocytosed PLGA microparticles, in a time-dependent manner. The results obtained indicate that the microparticles studied show merits as possible carriers of drugs for intracellular delivery.

Characterization of PLGA microparticles as a drug carrier for 3-ethoxycarbonyl-2H-benzofuro[3,2-f]-1-benzopyran-2-one. Ultrastructural study of cellular uptake and intracellular distribution

Here we describe the application of microparticles (MPs) for the delivery and release of the drug a benzopsoralen. We also evaluated the intracellular distribution and cellular uptake of the drug by using an encapsulation technique for therapeutic optimization. MPs containing the compound 3-ethoxycarbonyl-2H-benzofuro[3,2-f]-1-benzopyran-2-one (psoralen A) were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique, and parameters such as particle size, drug encapsulation efficiency, effect of the encapsulation process on the drug's photochemistry, zeta potential, external morphology, and < i > in vitro release behavior were evaluated. The intracellular distribution of MPs as well as their uptake by tissues were monitored. Size distribution studies using dynamic ligh scattering and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the MPs are spherical in shape with a diameter of 1.4 mu m. They present low tendency toward aggregation, as confirmed by their zeta potential (+10.6 mV). The loading efficiency obtained was 75%. As a consequence of the extremely low diffusivity of the drug in aqueous medium, the drug release profile of the MPs in saline phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) was much slower than that obtained in the biological environment. Among the population of peritoneal phagocytic cells, only macrophages were able to phagocytose poly-d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) MP. The use of psoralen A in association with ultraviolet light (360 nm) revealed morphological characteristics of cell damage such as cytoplasmic vesiculation, mitochondria condensation, and swelling of both the granular endoplasmatic reticulum and the nuclear membrane. These results indicate that PLGA MP could be a promising delivery system for psoralen in connection with ultraviolet irradiation therapy (PUVA).

Identification of psoralen loaded PLGA microspheres in rat skin by light microscopy

Drug delivery systems involving the use of polymers are widely studied and discovery of biocompatible polymers has become the focus of research in this area. Psoralen loaded poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres to be used in PUVA therapy (psoralen and UVA irradiation (ultraviolet A, 320-400 nm) of psoriasis were identified in paraffin sections by histological analysis. The psoralen loaded PLGA microspheres were prepared using the solvent evaporation technique. They were spherical and possessed an external smooth surface as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. This study describes a modification in the routine preparation of microsphere samples for examination by light microscopy. The changes involved fixative agents and/or stains allowing the identification of microspheres containing a non-fluorescent material. The preservation and identification of microspheres in tissues for histological processing in paraffin was greatly improved by these modifications as proven by our results. (c) 2007 Elsevicr Ltd. All rights reserved.

Biodegradable Nanoparticles Containing Benzopsoralens: An Attractive Strategy for Modifying Vascular Function in Pathological Skin Disorders

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Rapid preparation of (BiO)(2)CO3 nanosheets by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method with promising photocatalytic activity under UV-Vis light

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)