Relação entre resistência dos músculos ventilatórios e resistência geral em indivíduos com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

O desempenho do sistema músculo esquelético pode ser afetado por muitos fatores durante o exercício. Em indivíduos saudáveis, o sistema muscular é o principal fator limitante da atividade aeróbia. O desempenho físico durante o exercício em pacientes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) pode estar limitado por fatores como fraqueza dos músculos ventilatórios, alteração da mecânica da caixa torácica e também pelo metabolismo anaeróbio. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar se existe correlação entre a resistência muscular ventilatória com a capacidade ao exercício em indivíduos com DPOC. Para determinar a capacidade de resistir trabalho da musculatura ventilatória, realizamos o teste incremental destes músculos proposto por Martyn e col. A capacidade ao exercício foi determinada pelo teste da caminhada de seis minutos. Foram avaliados onze indivíduos com diagnóstico clínico de DPOC (VEF1 1.01+/-0.52 L / idade 67+/-12anos). A distância percorrida no teste de caminha em metros se correlacionou positivamente com resistência ventilatória, expressa em peso (r=0.72) e com VEF1 (r=0.75). Com base nestes resultados conclui-se que a capacidade ao exercício em indivíduos com DPOC correlaciona-se com resistência da musculatura ventilatória.

Influência do treinamento excêntrico nas propriedades mecânicas e elétricas dos músculos extensores do joelho

O exercício excêntrico tem sido preconizado como benéfico na prevenção de lesões musculares. Estudos com animais demonstraram que o treinamento excêntrico altera as propriedades mecânicas do músculo esquelético. No entanto, pouco se conhece sobre os efeitos do treinamento excêntrico nas propriedades mecânicas e elétricas em músculos de seres humanos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de um treinamento excêntrico nas propriedades mecânicas e elétricas dos músculos extensores de joelho, a partir das relações torque-velocidade (T-V) e torque-ângulo (T-A) e da técnica da eletromiografia (EMG). Nossa hipótese inicial era de que o treinamento excêntrico determinaria um deslocamento da relação T-V na direção de maiores velocidades angulares de movimento, assim como um deslocamento da relação T-A em direção a maiores ângulos articulares (ou maiores comprimentos musculares), sem que houvesse alteração na ativação elétrica dos músculos extensores de joelho. A amostra foi constituída por 21 indivíduos do sexo masculino (faixa etária 20-40 anos) divididos em um grupo experimental (n=10), e um grupo controle (n=11). Os indivíduos do grupo experimental foram submetidos a um programa de treinamento excêntrico dos músculos extensores do joelho com duração de 12 semanas, realizado na velocidade de -60º/s. Duas avaliações foram realizadas: antes e após o período de treinamento excêntrico. O torque dinâmico da musculatura extensora do joelho foi avaliado durante contrações voluntárias concêntricas e excêntricas máximas nas velocidades de -300º/s, -240º/s, -180º/s, -120º/s, -60º/s, 60º/s, 120º/s, 180º/s, 240º/s, 300º/s, 360º/s e 420º/s.O torque isométrico foi avaliado durante contrações voluntárias máximas nos ângulos de 7º, 15º, 30º, 45º, 60º, 75º, 90º e 103º. Nos dias de teste, durante a realização de todas as contrações voluntárias máximas, sinais eletromiográficos foram coletados dos músculos reto femoral, vasto lateral e vasto medial. As médias dos valores de torque e dos valores RMS normalizados foram relacionadas com cada velocidade angular e com cada ângulo avaliados. Os resultados mostraram alterações na relação T-V, com um aumento significativo na velocidade de treino e na velocidade de -120º/s. Não foi verificado aumento do torque nas maiores velocidades concêntricas e excêntricas conforme era esperado. Na relação T-A houve um aumento dos valores de torque no ângulo de 90º, com alteração do ângulo ótimo de produção de torque no sentido de maiores ângulos articulares (ou maiores comprimentos do músculo). No entanto, não foi verificado deslocamento para a direita da relação T-A. A atividade elétrica sofreu alteração para os 3 músculos nas contrações dinâmicas e para os músculos reto femoral e vasto lateral nas contrações isométricas. Conclui-se que um período de treinamento excêntrico de 12 semanas altera as propriedades mecânicas dos músculos extensores do joelho de forma específica, com aumento do torque na velocidade angular de treinamento. O aumento da capacidade de produção de torque em maiores ângulos articulares ou maiores comprimentos musculares concorda com a idéia de aumento no número de sarcômeros em série na fibra muscular após treinamento excêntrico conforme demonstrado em estudos com animais. As alterações encontradas se manifestam em ambas as relações T-V e T-A e estão relacionadas tanto com adaptação neural quanto com adaptações nas estruturas intrínsecas musculares.

Avaliação eletromiográfica dos músculos do assoalho pélvico na síndrome dos ovários policísticos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Relação entre a tensão aplicada e a sensação de desconforto nos músculos isquiotibiais durante o alongamento

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise da função dos músculos do quadril em portadores de síndrome da dor patelofemural

The Patellofemoral pain syndrome is defined as a fore or retro patellar pain and it has multifactorial etiology, where the bad patellar alignment is the most acceptable hypothesis. However proximal factors to the knee, as the debility of the muscles of the hip, have been demonstrated as a contributing factor to the appearing of that syndrome. Purpose: To evaluate if exists a relation between the hip muscles performance and the development of the SDPF. Methods: Thirty women took part in this study. They were divided in two groups; a control group (fifteen asymptomatic subjects) and an experimental group (fifteen subjects with the diagnosis of SDPF). The muscle performance was evaluated in an isokinetic dynamometer, where it was verified the peak torque (PT), PT to body weight, PT time and the agonist/antagonist relation. It was also analyzed the electromyographic activity of the middle gluteus. The data was analyzed by the not paired t test at a significance level of 5%. Results:. Didn t have significant difference to the PT of the abductor muscles (p = 0,46) and lateral rotators of the hip (p = 0,17) between groups. Also didn t have significant difference to the PT values by the body weight, to these muscle groups either (p = 0,10 e p = 0,11, respectively). Didn t have significant difference between the amplitude of the signal (p = 0,05) and the onset of medium gluteus (p = 0,25) between the groups. Conclusion: In the experimental conditions realized, the study didn t demonstrate a relation between performance the hip muscles behavior and the development of the SDPF

Avaliação eletromiográfica de músculos inspiratórios em hemiparéticos / Eliete Moreira Colaço

The objective was measured by surface electromyography (EMGs), the activity of inspiratory muscles during incremental test in subjects with hemiparesis and show its correlation with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Were included in the study 32 individuals hemiparetics and 14 healthy as control group. We performed an evaluation of lung function and anthropometric data. The EMGs were performed during the incremental test with Threshold ® (15, 30, 45 and 60% of MIP) and during maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). The electromyographic findings were calculated by the signal amplitude (RMS). All data were initially analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, the anthropometric characteristics of both groups were tested with the Levene and then intra-subject analysis (hemiparetic hemithorax and healthy hemithorax) and inter-group analysis (experimental group and control group) by paired and non-paired Student t tests and Pearson correlation. In intra-subject comparison was observed less activation (p <0.01) of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, scalene and diaphragm paretic side in both sexes - for the Threshold ® incremental test (15, 30, 45 and 60% of the MIP) and during maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). In inter-group comparison, there was reduced activity in the diaphragm and the scalene, in hemiparetics males and females, respectivelly, during the same test. Our results demonstrate the existence of reduced electromyographic activity of inspiratory muscles in hemiparetics, including changes between different genders and suggests the need of further studies to assess the effects of specific training of inspiratory muscles.

Influência do método pilates na força e atividade elétrica dos músculos respiratórios de idosas - ensaio clínico controlado randomizado

The reduction of physiological capacity present in the process of aging causes a marked decline in lung function. The exercise does promote several positive changes in the physical health of people and protect the cardiorespiratory function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a program of Pilates exercices on the strengh and electrical activity of respiratory muscles of elderly. This is a randomized, controlled clinical trial, evaluating 33 elderly aged 65 and 80 (70.88 ± 4.32), healthy, sedentary, without cognitive impairment and able the practice physical activity. The sample was divided into two groups, one experimental group with 16 elderly women who did Pilates exercises and a control group (17) that was not submitted to the exercises, but received educational booklets on aging and health care. The elderly were evaluated initially and after a period of three months, taking into account the Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) and Maximal Expiratory Pressure (MEP), obtained by Manovacuometry and intensity of EMG activity was measured using the values of Root Mean Square (RMS) for the diaphragm and rectus abdominis muscles, during the course of diaphragmatic breathing and MIP maneuver. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. For all tests, we used a significance level or p value < 0.05 and confidence interval 95%. RMS in diaphragm and rectus abdominis muscles in both tests increased, but the data were significant for the rectus abdominis during diaphragmatic breathing (p = 0.03) and the diaphragm during the MIP maneuver (p = 0.01). There was no significant variation of the MIP and MEP. Pilates exercises were responsible for increasing the electrical activation of the diaphragm and rectus abdominis muscles in a group of healthy elderly, but had no influence on changes in strength of respiratory muscles

Efeitos do treinamento muscular inspiratório domiciliar sobre a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos respiratórios em asmáticos: estudo piloto

Asthma treatment aims to achieve and maintain the control of the disease for prolonged periods. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) may be an alternative in the care of patients with asthma, and it is used as a complementary therapy to the pharmacological treatment. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a domiciliary program of IMT on the electromyographic activity of the respiratory muscles in adults with asthma. This is a clinical trial in which ten adults with asthma and ten healthy adults were randomized into two groups (control and training). The electrical activity of inspiratory muscles (sternocleidomastoid (ECM) and diaphragm) was obtained by a surface electromyography. Furthermore, we assessed lung function (spirometry), maximal inspiratory pressure - MIP - (manometer). The functional capacity was evaluated by six minute walk test. Participants were assessed before and after the IMT protocol of 6 weeks with POWERbreathe® device. The training and the control groups underwent IMT with 50% and 15 % of MIP, respectively. The sample data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0, attributing significance of 5 %. Were used t test, ANOVA one way and Pearson correlation. It was observed an increase in MIP, after IMT, in both training groups and in healthy sham group (P < 0.05), which was accompanied by a significant increase in ECM activity during MIP in healthy training group (1488 %) and in asthma training group (ATG) (1186.4%). The ATG also showed a significant increase in diaphragm activity in basal respiration (48.5%). Functional capacity increased significantly in the asthma sham group (26.5 m) and in the asthma training group (45.2 m). These findings suggest that IMT promoted clinical improvements in all groups, especially the ATG, which makes it an important complementary treatment for patients with asthma

Razão eletromiográfica de músculos estabilizadores do ombro durante a execução de exercícios com haste oscilatória

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise de parâmetros de força e resistência dos músculos eretores da espinha lombar durante a realização de exercício isométrico em diferentes níveis de esforço

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Padrão de co-ativação dos músculos do tronco durante exercícios com haste oscilatória

This study aimed to compare trunk muscle co-activation pattern during exercises using an oscillatory pole. Twelve volunteers participated in this study, in which they performed three different exercises. EMG activity of internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), rectus abdominis (RA), multifidus (MU) and iliocostalis lumborum (IL) was collected. The EMG signals were analyzed in time domain (RMS) and muscles activation ratios were computed as follow: anterior-posterior (A/P=RA+EO+IO/MU+IL), MU/IL and OE/OI. The bilateral oscillation of the pole in frontal plane (exercise II) promoted a higher value of MU/IL ratio than unilateral oscillation of the pole in sagital plane (exercise III). Also, the bilateral oscillation of the pole in frontal plane (exercise II) and the unilateral oscillation of the pole in sagital plane (exercise III) caused higher values of the IO/EO than bilateral oscillation of the pole in transversal plane (exercise I). Thus, the exercises II and III required higher activation of trunk stabilizer muscles, being more indicate for training, which aims higher recruitment of these muscles in daily activities.

Efeito do envelhecimento sobre o comportamento mecânico dos músculos papilares de ratos Wistar.

PURPOSE--To evaluate the effects of age on mechanical performance of rat myocardium. METHODS--Left ventricular papillary muscles were isolated from male Wistar rats at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of age. Muscles were studied isometrically and isotonically, stimulated at 0.2 Hz, perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution having an external calcium concentration of 2.52 mM, and maintained at 28 degrees C. RESULTS--Peak isometric developed tension was significantly higher in 1 month than 3, 6 and 12 months. Peak rate of isometric tension rise decreased substantially between 1, 3 and 12 months. Time to peak isometric developed tension showed a significant increase of both 3 and 12 months of age. Time to half relaxation increased significantly from 3 to 6 and from 3 to 12 months. Maximum rate of tension decline decreased from 3 to 6 and from 3 to 12 months. No difference in resting tension was noted among any group. Isotonically, peak shortening and time to peak shortening increased from 1 to 3 months of age. Time to half re-lengthening increased from 3 to 6 and from 3 to 12 months of age. No difference in peak shortening velocity, peak relaxation velocity and relative change in muscle length was noted among any groups. CONCLUSION--The maturation affects the mechanical performance of cardiac muscle.

Eletromiografia dos músculos temporal e masseter em crianças com mordida cruzada posterior direita

This study proposal was to evaluate the changes at a masticatory muscle temporalis and masseter, through a eletromyographic, at ponters of the right unilateral bite posterior, verifying the difference at the eletric activity between right and left sides. Twenty female volunteers, with ages between 7 and 8 (x = 7.4). The eletromyographics signals were collected in both sides in all volunteers in rest situations and in an usual isotonic mastication, right, left and bilateral and the maximun isometric constriction, which sinal was used to the eletric activity amplitude normalization. The results signed that the right masseter muscle presents an expressive statistic difference, if compared with the left masseter muscle during the left and right mastication, suggesting a right unilateral mastication. The muscle haven't gotten any expressive variance in this amplitude which remained to a proximate flat noticed in a right and habitual mastication, suggesting a right and one sided mastication during the left mastication occurs a raise of the eletric signal amplitude of the muscle left masseter. The right masseter muscle haven't gained any expressive variance, which remained in a proximate flat observed in an usual and right mastication, suggesting a muscular pattern hyperfunction next to the dental crossing.