142 resultados para Licania macrophylla
Resumo:
A eficiência da espécie Azadirachta indica como barreira natural ao ataque da Hypsipyla grandella sobre o mogno em diferentes arranjos e densidades de plantio foi, avaliada. O estudo foi realizado numa área de pastagem degradada em Vigia, PA. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com cinco repetições, sendo as formas de cultivo do mogno as parcelas, e as épocas de avaliação (meses) as subparcelas. A barreira natural formada pelo nim não evitou o ataque de H. grandella sobre o mogno, mas retardou e minimizou o ataque em plantios mistos. Para o maior controle do ataque de H. grandella, o mogno não deve ser plantado simultaneamente com o nim, mas um ano após o plantio do nim, quando este apresenta mais de três metros de altura, formando uma barreira natural mais eficaz ao ataque desta praga.
Resumo:
This paper describes the chemical constituents isolated from leaves and fruits of Licania tomentosa Benth. The plant materials were successively extracted with hexane and methanol. From the extracts the following compounds were obtained: betulinic acid; licanolide, a new triterpene lactone; oleanolic acid, lupeol; palmitoleic and hexadecanoic acid; a mixture of stigmasterol and sitosterol; and a mixture of tormentic, ursolic and betulinic acid. The structures of the natural products were identified on the basis of spectral data.
Resumo:
Foliar analysis of biochemical parameters were carried out in order to investigate the influence of air pollutants on two tropical tree species (Licania tomentosa (Benth.) and Bauhinia forfícata (Link.)). Special attention was given to tropospheric ozone due to the fact that concentration levels in the region were found to be up to 140 µg m-3 for a 4 h average time, which is well above the value that can cause injuries to orchides and tobacco (59 µg m-3). Other pollutants such as nitrogen and sulphur oxides were measured and their ambient concentrations were also associated to biochemical alterations in the investigated species.
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In the present work, the crude ethanol extract from wood of G. macrophylla was submitted to liquid/liquid partition between hexane, CH2Cl2, EtOAc and n-BuOH. Each phase was individually chromatographed over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 or Amberlite XAD-2 to give eight terpene derivatives, such as five sesquiterpenoids (caryophyllene oxide, guai-6-en-10β-ol, spathulenol, aromadendrane-4β,10α-diol and aloaromadendrane-4α,10β-diol) as well as three triterpenoids (cicloart-24-ene-3β,23(R*)-diol, cicloart-24-ene-3β,23(S*)-diol, and cicloart-23E-ene-3β,25-diol). Additionally, were isolated three fatty acids (linolenic, linoleic and stearic), two steroids (sitosterol and stigmasterol) and sacarose. The structures of all these compounds were characterized by spectrometric analysis, mainly mass spectrometry and NMR and comparison of these data described in the literature.
Resumo:
Four aporphine alkaloids from the wood of Ocotea macrophylla (Lauraceae) were isolated and characterized as (S)-3-methoxy-nordomesticine (1), (S)-N-ethoxycarbonyl-3-methoxy-nordomesticine (2), (S)-N-formyl-3-methoxy-nordomesticine (3) and (S)-N-methoxycarbonyl-3-methoxy-nordomesticine (4); alkaloids 2-4 are being report for the first time. The structure the isolated compounds were determined based on their spectral data and by comparison of their spectral data with values described in literature. The alkaloid fraction and compound 1 showed antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and also compound 1 showed antimicrobial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis as well.
Resumo:
The volatile oils from leaves of five Brazilian specimens of Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae) collected in three different Amazon Rainforest Conservation Areas in the States of Mato Grosso, Pará, and Rondônia were extracted and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oils showed to be composed by terpenoids, majority hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes, being germacrene D (20.5-46.8%) and bicyclogermacrene (8.3-11.1%) the main components. Besides these derivatives, only α-cubebene, β-caryophyllene, β-gurjunene and γ-cadinene were detected in all of the analyzed samples. This analysis indicated a great diversity of constituents in the oils obtained from specimens collected in these regions, which could be associated to the different susceptibility in the attack of H. grandella in S. macrophylla cultures.
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This work describes the phytochemical study of the methanol extract obtained from leaves of Guarea macrophylla, leading to the isolation and identification of three flavonoid glycosides (quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-b-D-galactopyranoside, kaempferol 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) and a neolignan glucoside, dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-4-β-D-glucoside. All compounds were identified by a combination of spectroscopic methods (¹H, 1D, 2D NMR, 13C and UV), ESI-MS and comparison with the literature data. This is the first report of flavonoids in the genus Guarea and of a neolignan glucoside in the Meliaceae family.
Resumo:
O presente trabalho teve como objetivos desenvolver técnicas de regeneração in vitro a partir de segmentos de epicótilo, epicótilo invertido e explantes foliares provenientes de plântulas de mogno (Swietenia macrophylla) germinadas em meio de cultura; e determinar a melhor concentração e tempo de exposição das sementes ao agente desinfestante, bem como a melhor posição de semeadura para germinação. As sementes foram desinfestadas, após a retirada do tegumento, em soluções com hipoclorito de sódio nas concentrações de 0; 2,5; e 5,0% (v/v), mantidas embebidas por 10, 20, 30 e 40 minutos e colocadas no meio em duas posições, sendo a posição 1 com a concavidade da parte achatada voltada para cima e na posição 2, com a concavidade da parte achatada voltada para baixo. Após a semeadura, foram mantidas em sala de crescimento com temperatura de ±26 ± 2 º C e escuro contínuo. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 4 x 2 (níveis de hipoclorito x tempos de embebição x posição de semeadura), totalizando 24 tratamentos com três repetições. As avaliações de germinação e contaminação por microrganismos ocorreram aos 12, 18, 24 e 30 dias. O melhor tratamento foi a desinfestação das sementes embebidas em 2,5 e 5% de hipoclorito de sódio por 30 e 20 minutos, respectivamente, as quais foram colocadas na posição 2, pois apresentaram a maior germinação (48%) e baixa contaminação (15 e 10%, respectivamente). Quanto à posição, houve diferença significativa aos 24 e 30 dias após a semeadura, com as maiores médias nas sementes colocadas na posição 2.
Resumo:
Na Amazônia, plantios de mogno têm sido limitados por ataques de Hypsiphylla grandella Zeller. No entanto, plantios em áreas urbanas em Brasília vêm apresentando bom desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi observar o comportamento do mogno em plantios homogêneo e consorciado. Para isso foi instalado um experimento na Fazenda Água Limpa, da Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Distrito Federal, com dois tratamentos: plantio homogêneo e plantio misto com eucalipto. O primeiro consistiu no plantio homogêneo de mogno e o segundo, consorciado com eucalipto. Foram medidas as variáveis altura aos 7, 12, 15, 24, 28, 36 e 40 meses de idade e diâmetro aos 7, 24, 28, 36 e 40 meses. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo os tratamentos as parcelas e o tempo, as subparcelas. A altura média aos 40 meses do consórcio foi de 2,28 m e do homogêneo, de 3,45 m, sendo as alturas máximas, respectivamente, de 4,15 e 5,17 m. O diâmetro médio também foi maior no tratamento homogêneo do que no consórcio (4,08 e 6,92 cm, respectivamente). A mortalidade situou-se em torno de 20%, tanto no plantio homogêneo quanto no consorciado, não havendo diferenças significativas. O ataque das larvas de H. grandella foi menor no plantio consorciado, indicando que o eucalipto serve como barreira física, diminuindo o ataque da praga, porém a competição de ambos ocasionou menor crescimento do mogno.
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We analyzed the nutritional composition and isotope ratios (C and N) of big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) leaves in plantations established on contrasting soils and climates in Central America (State of Quintana Roo, Yucatán, México) and South America (State of Pará, Brazil). The objective was to determine the adaptability of this species to large differences in nutrient availability and rainfall regimes. Nutrient concentrations of leaves and soils were determined spectrophotometrically, and isotope ratios were measured using mass spectrometric techniques.In Pará soils were sandier, and acidic, receiving above 2000 mm of rain, whereas in Quintana Roo soils were predominantly clayey, with neutral to alkaline pH due to the underlying calcareous substrate, with about 1300 mm of rain. Leaf area/weight ratio was similar for both sites, but leaves from Quintana Roo were significantly smaller. Average N and K concentrations of adult leaves were similar, whereas Ca concentration was only slightly lower in Pará in spite of large differences in Ca availability. Leaves from this site had slightly higher P and lower Al concentrations. Differences in water use efficiency as measured by the natural abundance of 13C were negligible, the main effect of lower rainfall in Quintana Roo seemed to be a reduction in leaf area. The N isotope signature (δ15N) was more positive in Pará than in Quintana Roo, suggesting higher denitrification rates in the former. Results reveal a calciotrophic behavior and a remarkable capacity of mahogany to compensate for large differences in soil texture and nutrient availability.
Resumo:
O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar as relações hídricas em função da demanda evaporativa e da densidade da madeira em Swietenia macrophylla King, Joannesia princeps Vell., Inga edulis Mart., Licania tomentosa (Benth.) Fritsch e Centrolobium tomentosum Guill. ex Benth. O potencial hídrico foi determinado com uma câmara de pressão e a condutância estomática, com porômetro de difusão na estação chuvosa, na estação seca e nas situações transicionais. J. princeps foi a espécie que apresentou maiores valores de potencial hídrico no "predawn" (psiPD > - 0,25 Mpa), e I. edulis os menores valores (psiPD = - 1,5 MPa). J. princeps apresentou maiores valores de potencial hídrico durante o dia (psiMD > - 1,5 MPa), e os menores valores foram observados em S. macrophylla e I. edulis (psiMD < - 3,0 MPa). As amplitudes diárias do potencial hídrico (Dy = psiMD - psiPD) foram relacionadas positivamente com o déficit de pressão de vapor (DPV) e os maiores valores foram observados em S. macrophylla e I. edulis. Geralmente a condutância diminuiu no início da tarde e I. edulis apresentou menor restrição à transpiração. Os maiores valores de condutância foram observados em um dia nublado na estação chuvosa, com baixo DPV. Uma regressão quadrática (r² = 0,635, p < 0,01) sugere que, não necessariamente, as espécies com maior densidade apresentam maior Dy, uma vez que pode ocorrer uma grande restrição à perda d'água como verificado em L. tomentosa, a espécie com madeira mais densa.
Resumo:
A Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Alston tem sido introduzida em diferentes sistemas de produção em razão de sua versatilidade de cultivo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a estrutura e características físicas da semente e a morfologia de plântulas de Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Alston. Amostras de três lotes de sementes colhidos em 2007, 2008 e 2009 foram avaliadas em relação ao tamanho, grau de umidade, massa de mil sementes, massa do hectolitro e número de sementes por grama. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com três lotes e oito repetições. Em outro ensaio, as sementes foram seccionadas para a observação e descrição da anatomia do tegumento, tecido de reserva e do embrião. As estruturas de plântulas foram avaliadas e registradas durante o seu desenvolvimento. As sementes de flemingia são globulares e esféricas, o tegumento apresenta coloração preta e marron. O grau de umidade das sementes variou entre 9,5 e 12,1%, a massa de mil sementes variou de 18,11 a 19,28 g, o peso hectolitro de 72,23 a 74,39 kg e o número de sementes por grama de 52 a 55. A estrutura do tegumento é formada por camada de células paliçádicas, característica da família Fabaceae. A germinação é do tipo hipógea.
Resumo:
Xylarenones C-E (2-4), three new eremophilane sesquiterpenes, have been isolated from solid substrate cultures of a Camarops-like endophytic fungus isolated from Alibertia macrophylla. The structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data. Compounds were evaluated in subtilisin and pepsin protease assays, and compound 2 showed potent inhibitory activity against both proteases.
Resumo:
Licania rigida Benth., Licania tomentosa (Benth.) Fritsch, and Couepia impressa Prance (Chrysobalanaceae family) plants have long been used medicinally by the people from Northeastern Brazil. Crude extracts and infusions of these plants have been applied in the treatment of several conditions such as diabetes and rheumatism, degenerative diseases with involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the aqueous, ethanolic, and hydroethanolic leaves extracts antioxidant capacity of these species, using several in vitro assay systems (reducing power, DPPH● scavenging, the β-carotene linoleate model system and lipid peroxidation inhibition in rat brain homogenate, using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - TBARS). The oral acute toxicity of aqueous extracts was also evaluated in vivo. Results revealed that these extracts possess a potent reducing power and DPPH scavenging ability, as well as the ability to prevent TBARS formation in rat brain homogenate in a concentration-dependent manner. Regarding in vivo oral acute toxicity of the aqueous species extracts, no toxic effects were observed upon evaluating physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters. The presence of high levels of phenolics and flavonoids was determined mainly in the ethanol extract. However, the C. impressa hydroethanolic extract, fractionated with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate for analysis by NMR 1H, showed more efficient results than the reference antioxidant Carduus marianus. The classes of organics compounds were determined were phenolics in the fraction of ethyl acetate and terpenes in chloroform and hexane fractions. The ethil acetate fraction had the highest content of flavonoids and increased scavenging capacity of DPPH●, possibly by the presence of phenolic compounds. Therefore, a detailed investigation of the phytochemical composition and in vivo study of the C. impressa hydroethanolic extract is suggested to characterize the active compounds of the species
Resumo:
This study conducted chemical analyzes of the fruits of Licania tomentosa Benth belonging to the Chrysobalanaceae family, order and superorder Rosiflorae Rosales. Samples were collected in February 2011 in the city of Natal - RN. The fruits were separated into peel, pulp and seed, and the samples were analyzed on moisture and ash by thermogravimetric methods, reducing and total sugars, lipids by Soxhlet extraction, minerals by ICP / OES and other analyzes by physical measurements of the fruit. The fruits for the analysis of determination of flavonoids and phenolic compounds were dried at 40 ° C and ground. For the analyzes to determine the content of phenolics and flavonols was used spectroscopy in the visible region, and also performed the characterization of ethanol extracts by high performance liquid chromatography and test for antioxidant activity hydroethanolic extracts. The results obtained are about 83.9% of the fruits have a length between 4.0 to 6.0 cm with respect to the diameter of the fruit about 97.4% of the fruits have a diameter between 2.0 - 4, 0 cm, mean weight of 36.14 g (7.86), the bark showed 60.5 (1.5)% relative humidity, the flesh 72.3 (0.9) and 44.4 seeds (0.4 )%, the bark showed 0.22 (0.00)% ash, the pulp 1.41 (0.01)% and the seed 1.18 (0.01)%, the bark showed 3.73 (0, 09) mg lipids / 100 g sample of the pulp 0.40 (0.04) and the seed 0.05 (0.00). With respect to reducing sugars and total gave the results, 16.23 (0.23) g/100g and 20.70 (0.24) g/100g. The fruit is presented with a good source of nutrients especially carbohydrates and lipids. The analysis for determining the antioxidant activity tests were performed reducing power and antioxidant capacity, the antioxidant capacity of hydroethanolic extracts of peel and pulp showed similar results, with higher concentrations however hydroethanolic bark extract. Regarding the content of phenolics and flavonoids hidroetanílico bark extract showed higher concentration values. The characterization of the extracts by high performance liquid chromatography identified the following compounds by retention time indicated by the race of the standards: galic acid, kaempferol and kaempferol derivatives. Considering the results of the fruit Licania tomentosa Benth may be an alternative food by analysis of their nutritional content and has substances with antioxidant action