978 resultados para Learning behavior


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Der Autor legt dar, daß es in den Niederlanden immer noch eine indirekt von ständischen Prinzipien bestimmte Schule gibt, in der die soziale Herkunft der Schüler das Lehrerverhalten bestimmt und an den Schüler je nach Schichtzugehörigkeit unterschiedliche Anforderungen gestellt werden. Der Beitrag untersucht aber auch die Rolle des Faktors Ethnizität bei der Behandlung und Beurteilung von Schülern. Die Arbeit ist Teil einer größeren Repräsentativstudie, die an 44 niederländischen Grundschulen mit einem hohen Anteil von Migrantenschülern durchgeführt wurde. In der Untersuchung erwies sich die Schichtzugehörigkeit der Schüler als bedeutsamer als die ethnische Zugehörigkeit. Das hat auch Konsequenzen für pädagogische Maßnahmen. (DIPF/Orig.)

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Berichtet wird über die Evaluation eines schulischen Gesundheitsförderungsprogramms, wobei es spezifisch um Wechselwirkungen zwischen Programmeffekten und schulklimatischen Bedingungskonstellationen (Klassenklima/Lehrerrückhalt) auf Wissen über, Erwartungen an und Konsum von Zigaretten geht. An der Untersuchung waren 388 Schüler und Schülerinnen achter und neunter Klassen beteiligt. Im Rahmen eines quasi-experimentellen Untersuchungsdesigns wurde in der Hälfte der Schulklassen ein 28stündiges Unterrichtsprogramm zur Gesundheitsförderung durchgeführt, während die andere Hälfte als Kontrollgruppe ohne Treatment diente. In der Interventionsgruppe zeigten sich Wissenszuwächse sowie positive Veränderungen in den Ergebniserwartungen, zum Teil in Abhängigkeit von den Klassenklimavariablen. Positive Veränderungen im Konsumverhalten als Folge der Intervention ergaben sich bei jüngeren Raucher/innen, und es zeigten sich Zusammenhänge zwischen Veränderungen in den Erwartungen an den Zigarettenkonsum und solchen im Konsumverhalten. (DIPF/Orig.)

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In diesem Beitrag wird ein neu entwickelter Schülerinnen- und Schülerfragebogen zur Erfassung aggressiver und nicht aggressiver Schülerstörungen, aggressiven Lehrerverhaltens, Störungen des methodisch-didaktischen Settings sowie Klassenführung und Beziehung vorgestellt und die testtheoretischen Kennwerte diskutiert. Die faktorielle Struktur wurde an einer Stichprobe von N=1341 Schülerinnen und Schüler der fünften und sechsten Klasse ermittelt. Eine explorative Faktorenanalyse mit Oblimin-Rotation ergab sieben eindeutige, gut interpretierbare Faktoren, welche den theoretisch postulierten Konstrukten entsprechen. Vier Faktoren erfassen Störungen und drei Faktoren umfassen störungspräventive Merkmale des Unterrichts. Die internen Konsistenzen der Skalen liegen zwischen .60 und .88. (DIPF/Orig.)

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As estratégias pedagógicas fazem parte das preocupações do quotidiano do professor e são também uma preocupação pessoal que trouxe para reflexão no presente relatório, partindo da experiência pedagógica (estágio) desenvolvida nos 1º, 2º e 3º Ciclos do Ensino Básico. Os Estágios Pedagógicos desenvolveram-se em duas escolas. No 1º Ciclo [Educação Artística], realizou-se na Escola EB 1 do Cedro, em Vila Nova de Gaia. No 2º Ciclo [Educação Visual e Educação Tecnológica] e no 3º Ciclo [Educação Visual] realizou-se na Escola EB 2,3 de Vilar de Andorinho, também no concelho de Vila Nova de Gaia. Este estudo incidiu, sobretudo, sobre as Prática Educativa Supervisionada II e III, onde são descritas vivências, identificadas estratégias pedagógicas, nomeadamente, estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem e estratégias de comportamentos e de atuação na sala de aula. Neste sentido, procura-se conhecer, analisar e compreender a importância da adequação das estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem, comportamentos e atuações nas salas de aulas de Educação Visual e Educação Tecnológica, procurando sempre desenvolver competências profissionais e pessoais, bem como atitudes proactivas na identificação e resolução de problemas pedagógicos em práticas futuras.

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El presente artículo explora el uso de la WebQuest como metodología del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos Colaborativos en la formación de estudiantes de educación superior de la Escuela de Ingeniería Mecánica de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH). Con esta finalidad se diseñó la WebQuest para ser aplicada con estudiantes entre 18 y 22 años en la asignatura de Programación. La investigación fue de tipo cognitivo-constructivista, descriptiva, de campo, transversal, aplicada, de ciencias básicas y bajo el paradigma científico, enmarcada bajo políticas y lineamientos del Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir 2013-2017. Mediante la utilización de herramientas colaborativas Google Drive y Google Sites, el test CHAEA para estilos de aprendizaje, herramientas ofimáticas y software especializado determinando así su incidencia en el aprendizaje significativo de los 54 estudiantes tomados como muestra. Se aplicaron dos técnicas estadísticas: t-Student para comprobar el rendimiento académico, comportamiento y estilos de aprendizaje. Con 5% de error y un punto crítico de 2,055 a dos colas, se obtuvieron valores de: 4,382, 2,434 y 3,701 respectivamente. La técnica Chi-cuadrado se aplicó para comprobar las habilidades del siglo XXI, con un punto crítico de 40,1, se generó el valor calculado de 119,84, demostrando que la metodología WebQuest favorece la generación de aprendizajes significativos dentro y fuera del aula de clase.

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Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Frage ob Lenks Modell zur Erfassung von grundsätzlichen Determinanten der LehrerInnenverantwortung, das durch Lauermann und Karabenick übernommen wurde, empirisch gestützt werden kann. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, kausale Beziehungen innerhalb dieses Modells mit Hilfe eines Strukturgleichungsmodells zu bewerten. Basierend auf Daten einer norwegischen LehrerInnenuntersuchung ergaben sich deutliche Zusammenhänge zwischen den Elementen des Modells. Relationales Vertrauen, informelles Lernen zwischen den LehrerInnen und wahrgenommene Unterstützung durch SchulleiterInnen haben sich als wichtige Determinanten für die LehrerInnenverantwortung erwiesen, wenngleich die kontextuellen Faktoren in ihrer Eigenart komplexer zu sein scheinen. Es bedarf weiterer Forschung, um diese zu verstehen. Angesichts der Ergebnisse ist zu empfehlen, dass Schulbehörden einen Schwerpunkt auf die Gestaltung einer Politik legen, die die Vertrauensbeziehungen zwischen den LehrerInnen berücksichtigt. (DIPF/Orig.)

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(Prefácio) This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Masters (Engenharia Informática) at University of Évora. Under the supervision of Professor Francisco Manuel Gonçalves Coelho, i have selected to work on game design. With the specific period of time and resources, an attempt has been made to make a serious educational game. While writing this thesis, the objective was to describe a math game for solving mathematical equations. Injecting learning factor in a game, is a main concern of this project. The document is about the description of ‘X in Balance’ game. This game provides a platform for school aged students to solve the equations by playing game. It also gives a unique dimension of putting fun and math in a same platform. The document describes full detail on the project. The first chapter gives an introduction about the problem faced by students in doing maths and the learning behavior of a game. It also points out the opportunities that this game might brings and the motivation behind doing this work. It describes the game concept and its genre too. Besides, the second chapter tells state of an art of serous educational game. It defines the concept of serious game and its types. Furthermore, it justifies the flexibility of serious games to adapt all learning styles. The impact of serious games on learning is also mentioned. It also includes the related work of other researchers.

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Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an emerging non-invasive optical neuro imaging technique that monitors the hemodynamic response to brain activation with ms-scale temporal resolution and sub-cm spatial resolution. The overall goal of my dissertation was to develop and apply NIRS towards investigation of neurological response to language, joint attention and planning and execution of motor skills in healthy adults. Language studies were performed to investigate the hemodynamic response, synchrony and dominance feature of the frontal and fronto-temporal cortex of healthy adults in response to language reception and expression. The mathematical model developed based on granger causality explicated the directional flow of information during the processing of language stimuli by the fronto-temporal cortex. Joint attention and planning/ execution of motor skill studies were performed to investigate the hemodynamic response, synchrony and dominance feature of the frontal cortex of healthy adults and in children (5-8 years old) with autism (for joint attention studies) and individuals with cerebral palsy (for planning/execution of motor skills studies). The joint attention studies on healthy adults showed differences in activation as well as intensity and phase dependent connectivity in the frontal cortex during joint attention in comparison to rest. The joint attention studies on typically developing children showed differences in frontal cortical activation in comparison to that in children with autism. The planning and execution of motor skills studies on healthy adults and individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) showed difference in the frontal cortical dominance, that is, bilateral and ipsilateral dominance, respectively. The planning and execution of motor skills studies also demonstrated the plastic and learning behavior of brain wherein correlation was found between the relative change in total hemoglobin in the frontal cortex and the kinematics of the activity performed by the participants. Thus, during my dissertation the NIRS neuroimaging technique was successfully implemented to investigate the neurological response of language, joint attention and planning and execution of motor skills in healthy adults as well as preliminarily on children with autism and individuals with cerebral palsy. These NIRS studies have long-term potential for the design of early stage interventions in children with autism and customized rehabilitation in individuals with cerebral palsy.

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La perdurabilidad empresarial ha sido un tema recurrente en la literatura sobre dirección de empresas. A pesar de los avances, la liquidación de las empresas aumenta permanentemente. Buscando alternativas de mejora se estudia el caso de dos empresas cuadragenarias dedicadas a prestar servicios de consultoría en ingeniería eléctrica y civil que, en condiciones de crisis, implementaron acciones que les permitieron, no sólo mantenerse en el mercado sino también fortalecer su estructura financiera. Los resultados demostraron que un enfoque equilibrado caracterizado por la toma oportuna de decisiones y la definición e implementación de estrategias de negocio efectivas constituyen herramientas óptimas para asegurar un mayor grado de resiliencia empresarial.

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Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biology, Neuroscience

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Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Naturwiss., Diss., 2012

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This paper presents a hybrid behavior-based scheme using reinforcement learning for high-level control of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Two main features of the presented approach are hybrid behavior coordination and semi on-line neural-Q_learning (SONQL). Hybrid behavior coordination takes advantages of robustness and modularity in the competitive approach as well as efficient trajectories in the cooperative approach. SONQL, a new continuous approach of the Q_learning algorithm with a multilayer neural network is used to learn behavior state/action mapping online. Experimental results show the feasibility of the presented approach for AUVs

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The fact that individuals learn can change the relationship between genotype and phenotype in the population, and thus affect the evolutionary response to selection. Here we ask how male ability to learn from female response affects the evolution of a novel male behavioral courtship trait under pre-existing female preference (sensory drive). We assume a courtship trait which has both a genetic and a learned component, and a two-level female response to males. With individual-based simulations we show that, under this scenario, learning generally increases the strength of selection on the genetic component of the courtship trait, at least when the population genetic mean is still low. As a consequence, learning not only accelerates the evolution of the courtship trait, but also enables it when the trait is costly, which in the absence of learning results in an adaptive valley. Furthermore, learning can enable the evolution of the novel trait in the face of gene flow mediated by immigration of males that show superior attractiveness to females based on another, non-heritable trait. However, rather than increasing monotonically with the speed of learning, the effect of learning on evolution is maximized at intermediate learning rates. This model shows that, at least under some scenarios, the ability to learn can drive the evolution of mating behaviors through a process equivalent to Waddington's genetic assimilation.

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Peer-reviewed

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Peer-reviewed