357 resultados para LCA
Resumo:
Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de conocer los protocolos actuales de rehabilitación tras la reconstrucción quirúrgica del ligamento cruzado anterior de la rodilla. Se efectúa una búsqueda de los estudios clínicos experimentales actuales que evalúan los procedimientos y protocolos de fisioterapia utilizados durante la rehabilitación del LCA. La búsqueda se realiza en las bases de datos: Medline, PEDro y Science Direct, entre diciembre de 2013 y enero de 2014. Se incluyen los publicados a partir del 2010, desarrollados en humanos con ruptura parcial o total del ligamento y redactados en español o inglés. Se analizan los 21 estudios que cumplen con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión estipulados y se valora el proceso metodológico empleado, la presencia de sesgos y limitaciones, la aplicabilidad de los resultados y la descripción precisa de los protocolos. Se concluye afirmando que no existe unanimidad en los protocolos y procedimientos de fisioterapia y que éstos no ofrecen diferencias destacables si se comparan con los diseñados 20 años atrás. Por lo que se propone y elaborar un protocolo de rehabilitación propio teniendo en cuenta la información obtenida y usando como referencia las guías clínicas más empleadas en la práctica clínica.
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La lesión de ligamento cruzado anterior es una de las lesiones más comunes en el mundo del deporte y en la vida cotidiana. En esta revisión narrativa se contemplan aquellos pacientes que presentan una rotura completa de ligamento cruzado anterior y que han sido intervenidos quirúrgicamente lo que conllevará el realizar dos tipos de intervenciones terapéuticas: la rehabilitación preoperatoria y/o la rehabilitación postoperatoria. El presente trabajo compara y evalúa la efectividad de ambas intervenciones a día de hoy proporcionando una nueva perspectiva en el abordaje fisioterapéutico de la lesión. El resultado de la revisión es que ambas intervenciones mejoran la recuperación del paciente por lo que una rehabilitación preoperatoria y postoperatoria son efectivas y se deben llevar a cabo.
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Els jugadors de futbol sotmesos a una reconstrucció de LCA es veuen afectats per dos vessants. La primera és a nivell funcional de l’articulació del genoll, entenent aquesta com la capacitat que presenta el genoll a suportar pes, generar força, realitzar moviments i mantenir-se estable durant la practica esportiva (Mattacola et. al., 2002). La segona és a nivell psicològic en seguretat amb un mateix i en seguretat a l’acció motriu (Brewer et. al., 1993). Aquesta recerca presenta un estudi sobre la funcionalitat i l’estat psicològic de deu jugadors de futbol amateur un cop ja han estat rehabilitats i readaptats a la practica esportiva. L’objectiu de l’estudi és conèixer la relació entre les respostes funcionals i subjectives. El procés s’ha dividit en tres fases, la primera ha estat la selecció del grup i realització del qüestionari de creació pròpia QSCFEG 2014 (que permet extreure el nivell de seguretat en l’acció motriu i el nivell de seguretat amb un mateix), la segona fase ha consistit en passar les quatre proves del HOP Test i mesurar els perímetres i l’amplitud de moviment de les extremitats inferiors (per mesurar l’índex de simetria de les extremitat inferior i veure el nivell funcional) i la última la recopilació de dades, anàlisi dels resultats i extracció de conclusions. A l’analitzar el grup s’ha comprovat que tots els subjectes presenten un nivell funcional superior al paràmetre mínim, que segon Barber et. al (1990) és del 85%. Tot i això, la gran majoria presenten mancances a nivell psicològic, ja que han demostrat una puntuació baixa en relació als mínims establerts als nivells de seguretat motriu (40 punts mínim) i seguretat amb un mateix (20 punts mínim).
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More discussion is required on how and which types of biomass should be used to achieve a significant reduction in the carbon load released into the atmosphere in the short term. The energy sector is one of the largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters and thus its role in climate change mitigation is important. Replacing fossil fuels with biomass has been a simple way to reduce carbon emissions because the carbon bonded to biomass is considered as carbon neutral. With this in mind, this thesis has the following objectives: (1) to study the significance of the different GHG emission sources related to energy production from peat and biomass, (2) to explore opportunities to develop more climate friendly biomass energy options and (3) to discuss the importance of biogenic emissions of biomass systems. The discussion on biogenic carbon and other GHG emissions comprises four case studies of which two consider peat utilization, one forest biomass and one cultivated biomasses. Various different biomass types (peat, pine logs and forest residues, palm oil, rapeseed oil and jatropha oil) are used as examples to demonstrate the importance of biogenic carbon to life cycle GHG emissions. The biogenic carbon emissions of biomass are defined as the difference in the carbon stock between the utilization and the non-utilization scenarios of biomass. Forestry-drained peatlands were studied by using the high emission values of the peatland types in question to discuss the emission reduction potential of the peatlands. The results are presented in terms of global warming potential (GWP) values. Based on the results, the climate impact of the peat production can be reduced by selecting high-emission-level peatlands for peat production. The comparison of the two different types of forest biomass in integrated ethanol production in pulp mill shows that the type of forest biomass impacts the biogenic carbon emissions of biofuel production. The assessment of cultivated biomasses demonstrates that several selections made in the production chain significantly affect the GHG emissions of biofuels. The emissions caused by biofuel can exceed the emissions from fossil-based fuels in the short term if biomass is in part consumed in the process itself and does not end up in the final product. Including biogenic carbon and other land use carbon emissions into the carbon footprint calculations of biofuel reveals the importance of the time frame and of the efficiency of biomass carbon content utilization. As regards the climate impact of biomass energy use, the net impact on carbon stocks (in organic matter of soils and biomass), compared to the impact of the replaced energy source, is the key issue. Promoting renewable biomass regardless of biogenic GHG emissions can increase GHG emissions in the short term and also possibly in the long term.
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This study uses the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to evaluate and compare the environmental impacts caused by both the artisanal and the industrial manufacturing processes of "Minas cheese". This is a traditional cheese produced in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil), and it is considered a "cultural patrimony" in the country. The high participation of artisanal producers in the market justifies this research, and this analysis can help the identification of opportunities to improve the environmental performance of several stages of the production system. The environmental impacts caused were also assessed and compared. The functional unit adopted was 1 kilogram (Kg) of cheese. The system boundaries considered were the production process, conservation of product (before sale), and transport to consumer market. The milk production process was considered similar in both cases, and therefore it was not included in the assessment. The data were collected through interviews with the producers, observation, and a literature review; they were ordered and processed using the SimaPro 7 LCA software. According to the impact categories analyzed, the artisanal production exerted lower environmental impacts. This can be justified mainly because the industrial process includes the pasteurization stage, which uses dry wood as an energy source and refrigeration.
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The study covers theFishing capture technology innovation includes the catching of aquatic animal, using any kind of gear techniques, operated from a vessel. Utilization of fishing techniques varies, depending upon the type of fisheries, and can go from a basic and little hook connected to a line to huge and complex mid water trawls or seines operated by large fishing vessels.The size and autonomy of a fishing vessel is largely determined by its ability to handle, process and store fish in good condition on board, and thus these two characteristics have been greatly influenced by the introduction and utilization of ice and refrigeration machinery. Other technological developments especially hydraulic hauling machinery, fish finding electronics and synthetic twines have also had a major impact on the efficiency and profitability of fishing vessels.A wide variety of fishing gears and practices ranging from small-scale artisanal to advanced mechanised systems are used for fish capture in Kerala. Most important among these fishing gears are trawls, seines, lines, gillnets and entangling nets and traps The modern sector was introduced in 1953 at Neendakara, Shakthikulangara region under the initiative of Indo-Norwegian project (INP). The novel facilities introduced in fishing industry by Indo- Norwegian project accordingly are mechanically operated new boats with new fishing nets. Soon after mechanization, motorization programme gained momentum in Kerala especially in Alleppey, Ernakulam and Kollam districts.
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Desarrollo y redacción de una guía basada en la mejor evidencia disponible sobre el diagnóstico y manejo de la ruptura aguda del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) para asistir a la toma de decisiones para controlar la variabilidad en los procesos clínicos de diagnóstico y manejo de dicha patología. Se definió el grupo de desarrollo de la guía (GDG) y de acuerdo con la metodología desarrollada en el Centro de Estudios del Hospital según convocatoria del Ministerio de Salud, se cumplieron las siguientes etapas : Priorización, definición de foco y alcance, formulación de las preguntas clínicas relevantes al estado del arte y puntos de controversia actual en el tema a tratar (Metodología PECOT), revisión sistemática de la literatura, síntesis de la evidencia, evaluación y graduación de acuerdo con la metodología "GRADE" y las platillas propuestas por SIGN. Por consenso se definieron las recomendaciones de acuerdo con la metodología GRADE. Se presenta una Guía de Práctica Clínica (GPC), que responde las preguntas: enfoque de hemartrosis, indicaciones quirúrgicas, terapia física preoperatoria, profilaxis antitrombótica, tipo de injerto, anestésicos intrarticulares, lesiones asociadas, posición del túnel femoral, reconstrucción de uno contra dos haces. De acuerdo con la evidencia encontrada se formulan doce recomendaciones ajustadas al nivel de evidencia. La presente GPC corresponde a un piloto de una metodología para desarrollo de GPC aprobabda para uso a nivel nacional y al primer producto sobre este tema en la literatura encontrada.
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Background: Several studies emphasize the importance of assessing the knee function after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The influence of several variables on the function of these patients has been analyzed, but there is no consensus in the science literature. Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between the torque and balance on the knee function after ACL reconstruction. Methods: 23 males patients with ACL reconstruction were tested. The procedures of the study included analysis of concentric peak torque at 60o/s and 180o/s of quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscle with a isokinetic dynamometer. The balance in single-limb stance was measured with stabilometry. The functional performance were performed by two hop tests. To estimate the subjective function of the patients was applied Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale and a Global Rating scale. Results: The analysis of data showed a moderate positive correlation between knee extensor torque and functional performance tests (r= 0,48; p=0,02). A moderate negative correlation was found between the two variables of the stabilometry center of pressure and average speed of centre of pressure and the Global Rating scale (r = -0.4, p = 0,04 and r = -0,49, p = 0 ,02, respectively). No correlation was found between peak torque and balance in single-limb stance. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that knee extensor strength and postural balance have some influence on knee function in patients after ACL reconstruction
Resumo:
OBJETIVO: A fixação femoral na reconstrução do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior (LCA) com enxerto de tendões flexores pode variar muito de acordo com a disposição dos materiais e a experiência do cirurgião. Porém os trabalhos que comparam os sistemas de fixação são efetuados na maioria das vezes em cadáveres ou em animais, sem avaliar os resultados clínicos, prejudicando sua comparação com pacientes humanos vivos. Neste artigo avaliamos o resultado clínico de dois métodos de fixação do enxerto ao fêmur (parafuso de interferência de titânio e parafuso transcondilar de titânio) para saber se, do ponto de vista clinico e subjetivo, há diferença entre estes métodos. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 40 pacientes com lesão do LCA sendo que 20 pacientes tiveram seu enxerto fixado ao fêmur com parafuso de interferência e 20 com parafuso transcondilar. Todos foram reavaliados com no mínimo dois anos de pós operatório para medição da gaveta anterior, Pivot Shift e teste de Lachman, além da obtenção dos questionário de Lysholm e IKDC (International Knee Documentation Committee). RESULTADOS: Os resultados não foram estatisticamente diferentes para os critérios avaliados. CONCLUSÃO: As duas formas de fixação são eficientes para esta técnica dentro dos parâmetros estabelecidos. Nível de Evidência II, Estudo Prospectivo Comparativo.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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El primer objetivo de este trabajo consite en rediseñar un nuevo sistema defijación del injerto de LCA, basado en la expansión radial, partiendo del desarrollo en el D.I.M de la ULPGC. El segundo objetivo es validar experimentalmente este dispositivo medienat ensayos, en diferentes medios, comparando los resultados con el dispositivo más utilizado en la actualidad de acción interferencial. Se llega a la conclusión de que el tornillo de expansión precisa una mayor fuerza y de un mayor número de ciclos para la extracción del implante , culminando el objetivo básico de la tesis de validar experimentalmente el dispositivo.
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Con questo studio si è volto effettuare un confronto tra la generazione di energia termica a partire da cippato e da pellet, con particolare riferimento agli aspetti di carattere ambientale ed economico conseguenti la produzione delle due differenti tipologie di combustibile. In particolare, si sono ipotizzate due filire, una di produzione del cippato, una del pellet, e per ciascuna di esse si è condotta un'Analisi del Ciclo di Vita, allo scopo di mettere in luce, da un lato le fasi del processo maggiormente critiche, dall'altro gli impatti sulla salute umana, sugli ecosistemi, sul consumo di energia e risorse. Quest'analisi si è tradotta in un confronto degli impatti generati dalle due filiere al fine di valutare a quale delle due corrisponda il minore. E' stato infine effettuato un breve accenno di valutazione economica per stimare quale tipologia di impianto, a cippato o a pellet, a parità di energia prodotta, risulti più conveniente.