Agustín Tosco, el "sindicalismo de liberación" y la izquierda : Apuntes para un examen de la relación entre lo gremial y lo político

El dirigente del Sindicato de Luz y Fuerza cordobés Agustín Tosco fue la figura más emblemática del gremialismo combativo y democrático durante las décadas de 1960 y 1970. Su intensa actuación como cuadro sindical y, a la vez, también, político, se extendió a lo largo de casi veinticinco años, en los que la clase obrera libró un combate denodado por obtener o mantener sus reivindicaciones y conquistas, y en los que se sucedieron diversas experiencias de movilización y organización obreras. Existieron algunas tensiones irresueltas en Tosco. Reclamó la actuación autónoma y combativa de la clase obrera en el campo sindical, aunque no logró empalmar completamente con una de las corrientes que más radicalmente expresó ese curso hacia principios de los años setenta: la tendencia clasista articulada en torno al SITRAC-SITRAM. En el plano político, propugnó la necesidad de que la clase obrera se aliara a otros sectores sociales subalternos, populares o antiimperialistas para articular un Frente de Liberación Nacional y Social, lo que podía conducir a licuar esa acción autónoma de los trabajadores e, incluso, a abrir paso a indeterminadas alianzas con fracciones burguesas progresistas. Se proveyó de un diagnóstico que señalaba el carácter burgués policlasista, nacional-estatista, bonapartista y reformista del peronismo pero no pudo proyectar un camino completamente separado de éste en todas sus múltiples configuraciones. Postuló la necesidad de una política obrera independiente, sin orientarse hacia el camino práctico de la construcción de un partido de los trabajadores, socialista o revolucionario. Se erigió como un militante convencido del carácter emancipatorio que debía asumir la brega proletaria y de la necesidad del socialismo, aunque se mostró menos capacitado para lograr traducir eficazmente su ?sindicalismo de liberación? al plano de la construcción política. El objetivo de esta ponencia es abordar estas tensiones irresueltas en Tosco, realizando algunas observaciones acerca de los vínculos que éste construyó con las izquierdas

Negociación colectiva y lucha de clases : Convenio laboral para fileterxs (1969-1970)

En este artículo analizamos una arista del mundo obrero aún poco explorada: la negociación colectiva, entendiéndola como uno de los múltiples rizomas de la lucha de clases. Para reflexionar sobre esta faz de la conflictividad obrera, abordamos la experiencia de negociación colectiva impulsada por lxs fileterxs durante 1969-1970. Al menos dos son las razones que nos motivan a realizar este abordaje. En primer lugar, el convenio de aquel período nos brinda un punto de vista privilegiado para acercarnos a los momentos genéticos de la formación de una nueva fracción de obrerxs del pescado, grupo que encontró su clímax en el proceso de negociación colectiva del año 1975, así como en el proceso huelguístico que la negociación concitó. Desde aquel momento, la identidad de lxs obrerxs del pescado se mimetizó con la de lxs fileterxs. En segundo lugar, un análisis detallado del convenio nos habilita la reconstrucción de las correlaciones de fuerza entre el Sindicato y la Cámara del sector en sus distintas dimensiones: proceso de trabajo, recursos organizacionales, horizonte político

Negociación colectiva y lucha de clases : Convenio laboral para fileterxs (1969-1970)

En este artículo analizamos una arista del mundo obrero aún poco explorada: la negociación colectiva, entendiéndola como uno de los múltiples rizomas de la lucha de clases. Para reflexionar sobre esta faz de la conflictividad obrera, abordamos la experiencia de negociación colectiva impulsada por lxs fileterxs durante 1969-1970. Al menos dos son las razones que nos motivan a realizar este abordaje. En primer lugar, el convenio de aquel período nos brinda un punto de vista privilegiado para acercarnos a los momentos genéticos de la formación de una nueva fracción de obrerxs del pescado, grupo que encontró su clímax en el proceso de negociación colectiva del año 1975, así como en el proceso huelguístico que la negociación concitó. Desde aquel momento, la identidad de lxs obrerxs del pescado se mimetizó con la de lxs fileterxs. En segundo lugar, un análisis detallado del convenio nos habilita la reconstrucción de las correlaciones de fuerza entre el Sindicato y la Cámara del sector en sus distintas dimensiones: proceso de trabajo, recursos organizacionales, horizonte político

Relacion de las exequias, que a la memoria de N.SS.P. Clemente XIV celebro la provincia de los SS. Doce Apóstoles de la Orden de S. Francisco en la Iglesia de su Convento grande de Jesus de la Ciudad de Lima / escribela el R.P.Fr. Agustin Delso ... ; publicala, y ofrecela ... el Señor D. Joseph Miguel de Carbajal y Vargas Manrique de Lara ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Negociación colectiva y lucha de clases : Convenio laboral para fileterxs (1969-1970)

En este artículo analizamos una arista del mundo obrero aún poco explorada: la negociación colectiva, entendiéndola como uno de los múltiples rizomas de la lucha de clases. Para reflexionar sobre esta faz de la conflictividad obrera, abordamos la experiencia de negociación colectiva impulsada por lxs fileterxs durante 1969-1970. Al menos dos son las razones que nos motivan a realizar este abordaje. En primer lugar, el convenio de aquel período nos brinda un punto de vista privilegiado para acercarnos a los momentos genéticos de la formación de una nueva fracción de obrerxs del pescado, grupo que encontró su clímax en el proceso de negociación colectiva del año 1975, así como en el proceso huelguístico que la negociación concitó. Desde aquel momento, la identidad de lxs obrerxs del pescado se mimetizó con la de lxs fileterxs. En segundo lugar, un análisis detallado del convenio nos habilita la reconstrucción de las correlaciones de fuerza entre el Sindicato y la Cámara del sector en sus distintas dimensiones: proceso de trabajo, recursos organizacionales, horizonte político

Legitimidad del régimen de estampillas departamentales en Colombia

Análisis de la dinámica legitimadora de la Corte Constitucional en el tributo de estampillas, considerado desde la jurisdicción departamental, en el Estado colombiano.

Masculinity, rurality and violence

The assumption that the size, anonymity and weakened social controls of urban living generates social conflict, disorganization and higher rates of crime and violence has been an article of faith in much criminological and social scientific inquiry since the nineteenth century (i.e. Tönnies 1897; Shaw and McKay 1931; Levin and Lindesmith 1937; Nisbet 1970; Baldwin and Bottoms 1976; Felson 1994). The paper challenges this article of criminological faith and questions the utility of urban centric criminological theorizing about the causes of violence in rural settings. Drawing on descriptive data that show that rural men present a relatively high risk of inflicting harm upon themselves and others, this paper explores the larger socio-criminological question as to why this might be. The question is examined in relation to the processes of community formation that shape the everyday architecture of rural life. We explore how that architecture has historically valorized violent expressions of masculinity grounded in a relationship between men's bodies and the rural landscapes they inhabit - but how the legitimacy of these violent expressions are being challenged by sweeping social, economic and political changes. One psycho-social response to these sweeping social changes to rural life, we conclude, is a resort to violence as a largely strategic practice deployed to recreate an imagined rural gender order.

Drawing on imagination : primary students' ideal learning environments

Research has established a close relationship between learning environments and learning outcomes (Department of Education and Early Childhood Development, Victoria, 2008; Woolner, Hall, Higgins, McCaughey & Wall, 2007) yet little is known about how students in Australian schools imagine the ways that their learning environments could be improved to enhance their engagement with the processes and content of education and children are rarely consulted on the issue of school design (Rudduck & Flutter, 2004). Currently, school and classroom designers give attention to operational matters of efficiency and economy, so that architecture for children’s education is largely conceived in terms of adult and professional needs (Halpin, 2007). This results in the construction of educational spaces that impose traditional teaching and learning methods, reducing the possibilities of imaginative pedagogical relationships. Education authorities may encourage new, student-centred pedagogical styles, such as collaborative learning, team-teaching and peer tutoring, but the spaces where such innovations are occurring do not always provide the features necessary to implement these styles. Heeding the views of children could result in the creation of spaces where more imaginative pedagogical relationships and student-centred pedagogical styles can be implemented. In this article, a research project conducted with children in nine Queensland primary schools to investigate their ideas of the ideal ‘school’ is discussed. Overwhelmingly, the students’ work emphasised that learning should be fun and that learning environments should be eco-friendly places where their imaginations can be engaged and where they learn from and in touch with reality. The children’s imagined schools echo ideas that have been promoted over many decades by progressive educators such as John Dewey (1897, in Provenzo, 2006) (“experiential learning”), AS Neill (in Cassebaum, 2003) (Summerhill school) and Ivan Illich (1970) (“deschooling”), with a vast majority of students suggesting that, wherever possible, learning should take place away from classrooms and in environments that support direct, hands-on learning.

Children’s theatre in Oman 1970- 2007: towards a developed theatre

Children’s theatre exists along with other theatrical forms in the cultural life of the Sultanate of Oman. Despite the fact that Omani Children’s Theatre started its life at the beginning of the 1970s, many challenges and obstacles continue to face its ongoing development. A significant landmark in this development was the first Omani Children's Theatre Festival which took place in 2007, thirty-five years after the first Omani children’s play was produced in 1972. This festival represents a new era in the history of Omani theatre in general and the history of children’s theatre in particular. This study investigates how Children’s Theatre in the Sultanate of Oman can become a viable and valued form of art for the future. It outlines the historical background and the present situation of Omani children’s theatre and, through discussions with interviewees, defines the obstacles it presently faces and suggests ways to overcome them. The study provides a clear vision for a strong children’s theatre culture in Oman and outlines recommendations for achieving this vision. Presently, there is little written documentation about children’s theatre in Oman. This study provides the first comprehensive historical overview.

The impact of 'doomed race' assumptions in the administration of Queensland's Indigenous population by the Chief Protectors of Aboriginals from 1897 to 1942

This thesis researched how the anthropological claims of the Aborigines as a 'doomed race' in the decades between 1850 and 1870 became embedded and manifested in pervasive ideologies forming the racist protectionist policies framed in Queensland's Aboriginals Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act - 1897. Administering the Act was the government appointed Chief Protector of Aboriginals. Conferred with extraordinary powers, Chief Protectors acted and made decisions on behalf of successive governments who displayed little interest in Aboriginal affairs. Amendments to the Act between 1897 and 1939 reflected personal agendas and attitudes towards Aborigines by respective Chief Protectors. Conclusively, the research outcomes show that the 'doomed race' theory became a subterfuge for governments to mask society's racial prejudice against Indigenous peoples and allowed governments to dispossess the Indigenous people of their traditional lands without question from white settlers.

A systematic review of mathematical models of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission: 1970-2010

Mathematical models of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission originated in the early twentieth century to provide insights into how to most effectively combat malaria. The foundations of the Ross–Macdonald theory were established by 1970. Since then, there has been a growing interest in reducing the public health burden of mosquito-borne pathogens and an expanding use of models to guide their control. To assess how theory has changed to confront evolving public health challenges, we compiled a bibliography of 325 publications from 1970 through 2010 that included at least one mathematical model of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission and then used a 79-part questionnaire to classify each of 388 associated models according to its biological assumptions. As a composite measure to interpret the multidimensional results of our survey, we assigned a numerical value to each model that measured its similarity to 15 core assumptions of the Ross–Macdonald model. Although the analysis illustrated a growing acknowledgement of geographical, ecological and epidemiological complexities in modelling transmission, most models during the past 40 years closely resemble the Ross–Macdonald model. Modern theory would benefit from an expansion around the concepts of heterogeneous mosquito biting, poorly mixed mosquito-host encounters, spatial heterogeneity and temporal variation in the transmission process.

Changes of mortality and causes of death from 1970 to 2005 and decomposition analysis in Shandong province [山东省1970-2005年人群死亡率极死因变化与差别分解分析]

Objective To describe the trend of overall mortality and major causes of death in Shandong population from 1970 to 2005,and to quantitatively estimate the influential factors. Methods Trends of overall mortality and major causes of death were described using indicators such as mortality rates and age-adjusted death rates by comparing three large-scale mortality surveys in Shandong province. Difference decomposing method was applied to estimate the contribution of demographic and non-demographic factors for the change of mortality. Results The total mortality had had a slight change since 1970s,but had increased since 1990s.However,both the mortality rates of age-adjusted and age-specific decreased significantly. The mortality of Group Ⅰ diseases including infectious diseases as well maternal and perinatal diseases decreased drastically. By contrast, the mortality of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs)including cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),cancer and injuries increased. The sustentation of recent overall mortality was caused by the interaction of demographic and non-demographic factors which worked oppositely. Non-demographic factors were responsible for the decrease of Group Ⅰ disease and the increase of injuries. With respect to the increase of NCDs as a whole. Demographic factors might take the full responsibility and the non-demographic factors were the opposite force to reduce the mortality. Nevertheless, for the increase of some leading NCD diseases as CVDs and cancer, the increase was mainly due to non-demographic rather than demographic factors. Conclusion Through the interaction of the aggravation of ageing population and the enhancement of non-demographic effect, the overall mortality in Shandong would maintain a balance or slightly rise in the coming years. Group Ⅰ diseases in Shandong had been effectively under control. Strategies focusing on disease control and prevention should be transferred to chronic diseases, especially leading NCDs, such as CVDs and cancer.

Irish Folklore Commission 1935-1970 : history, ideology, methodology

Between 1935 and 1970 the state-funded Irish Folklore Commission (Coimisiún Béaloideasa Éireann) assembled one of the great folklore collections of the world under the direction of Séamus Ó Duilearga (James Hamilton Delargy). The aim of this study is to recount and assess the work and achievement of this commission. The cultural, linguistic, political and ideological factors that had a bearing on the establishment and making permanent of the Commission and that impinged on many aspects of its work are here elucidated. The genesis of the Commission is traced and the vision and mission of Séamus Ó Duilearga are outlined. The negotiations that preceded the setting up of the Commission in 1935 as well as protracted efforts from 1940 to 1970 to place it on a permanent foundation are recounted and examined at length. All the various collecting programmes and other activities of the Commission are described in detail and many aspects of its work are assessed. This study also deals with the working methods and conditions of employment of the Commission s field and Head Office staff as well as with Séamus Ó Duilearga s direction of the Commission. In executing this work extensive use has been made of primary sources in archives and libraries in Ireland, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, and North America. This is the first major study of this world-famous institute, which has been praised in passing in numerous publications, but here for the first time its work and achievement are detailed comprehensively and subjected to scholarly scrutiny. This study should be of interest not only to students of Irish oral tradition but to folklorists everywhere. The history of the Irish Folklore Commission is a part of a wider history, that of the history of folkloristics in Europe and North America in particular. Moreover, this work has relevance for many areas of the developing world today, where conditions are not dissimilar to those that pertained in Ireland in the 1930's when this great salvage operation was funded by the young, independent Irish state. It is also hoped that this work will be of practical assistance to scholars and the general public when utilising these collections, and that furthermore it will stimulate research into the assembling of other national collections of folklore as well as into the history of folkloristics in other countries, subjects which in recent years are beginning to attract more and more scholarly attention.

Viemärin päässä Kotkan kaupunki : Vesiensuojelun kehitys Kymijoen itäisen päähaaran suulla 1945-1970

The focus of this thesis is the marine environmental history of the eastern part and the estuary of the Kymi river from 1945 to 1970. There is no previous research on this area from an environmentally historical perspective, nor have many of the sources here discussed been previously used. Therefore the thesis expands academic understanding of local environmental processes and protection in and around the city of Kotka and the Kymi river. The thesis falls within the methodological field of socio-political history, as the research focus is centered on the local process of establishing the nature of environmental problems and solving them. The principal assumption has been that the city of Kotka, due to its ongoing expansion, was slow to respond to environmental hazards. The Kymi river was among the most degraded bodies of water during this period. Kotka on the other hand was a major center of wood processing industry and one of Finlands major industrial ports. In the past the river and its estuary had provided ample resources for fishers. It is this contradictory use of the environment that allows one to discuss the local struggle for the correct use of the environment. Primary sources include local and city archives, environmental studies, and legal documents linked with the above. The archives of the city of Kotka and of various private associations form the core sources. Environmental studies from the research period have been dealt with as sources to the local political power struggle. Alongside with current environmental research they also provide insight into the state of the environment. Another goals has been to accumulate environmental research for a future multidisciplinary study in this area. As a final conclusion it can be said that environmental degradation was widely understood as a problem only in the 1960s. The influential role of the city of Kotka however determined the pace with which these problems were then solved.