The fabric of transcultural collaboration: Interweaving the traditional Korean vocal form of p'ansori and the contemporary Japanese dance form of butoh in a transculturally Australian context

This practice-led research investigated the negotiation processes informing effective models of transcultural collaboration. In a creative project interweaving the image-based physicality of the Japanese dance form of butoh with the traditional Korean vocal style of p'ansori, a series of creative development cycles were undertaken with a team of artists from Australia and Korea, culminating in Deluge, a work of physical theatre. The development of interventions at 'sites of transcultural potential' resulted in improvements to the negotiation of interpersonal relationships and assisted in the emergence of a productive working environment in transculturally collaborative artistic practice.

Effects of unilateral vocal fold paralysis treatment with fascia augmentation on airflow mechanics, tracheal sounds and voice acoustics

Data on the influence of unilateral vocal fold paralysis on breathing, especially other than information obtained by spirometry, are relatively scarce. Even less is known about the effect of its treatment by vocal fold medialization. Consequently, there was a need to study the issue by combining multiple instruments capable of assessing airflow dynamics and voice. This need was emphasized by a recently developed medialization technique, autologous fascia injection; its effects on breathing have not previously been investigated. A cohort of ten patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis was studied before and after autologous fascia injection by using flow-volume spirometry, body plethysmography and acoustic analysis of breathing and voice. Preoperative results were compared with those of ten healthy controls. A second cohort of 11 subjects with unilateral vocal fold paralysis was studied pre- and postoperatively by using flow-volume spirometry, impulse oscillometry, acoustic analysis of voice, voice handicap index and subjective assessment of dyspnoea. Preoperative peak inspiratory flow and specific airway conductance were significantly lower and airway resistance was significantly higher in the patients than in the healthy controls (78% vs. 107%, 73% vs. 116% and 182% vs. 125% of predicted; p = 0.004, p = 0.004 and p = 0.026, respectively). Patients had a higher root mean square of spectral power of tracheal sounds than controls, and three of them had wheezes as opposed to no wheezing in healthy subjects. Autologous fascia injection significantly improved acoustic parameters of the voice in both cohorts and voice handicap index in the latter cohort, indicating that this procedure successfully improved voice in unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Peak inspiratory flow decreased significantly as a consequence of this procedure (from 4.54 ± 1.68 l to 4.21 ± 1.26 l, p = 0.03, in pooled data of both cohorts), but no change occurred in the other variables of flow-volume spirometry, body-plethysmography and impulse oscillometry. Eight of the ten patients studied by acoustic analysis of breathing had wheezes after vocal fold medialization compared with only three patients before the procedure, and the numbers of wheezes per recorded inspirium and expirium increased significantly (from 0.02 to 0.42 and from 0.03 to 0.36; p = 0.028 and p = 0.043, respectively). In conclusion, unilateral vocal fold paralysis was observed to disturb forced breathing and also to cause some signs of disturbed tidal breathing. Findings of flow volume spirometry were consistent with variable extra-thoracic obstruction. Vocal fold medialization by autologous fascia injection improved the quality of the voice in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis, but also decreased peak inspiratory flow and induced wheezing during tidal breathing. However, these airflow changes did not appear to cause significant symptoms in patients.

Injection laryngoplasty with autologous fascia for treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis

The purpose of this dissertation was to study the applicability of minced autologous fascia graft for injection laryngoplasty of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). Permanence of augmentation and host versus graft tissue reactions were of special interest. The topic deals with phonosurgery, which is a subdivision of the Ear, Nose and Throat-speciality of medicine. UVFP results from an injury to the recurrent or the vagal nerve. The main symptom is a hoarse and weak voice. Surgery is warranted for patients in whom spontaneous reinnervation and a course of voice therapy fails to improve the voice. Injection laryngoplasty is a widespread surgical technique which aims to restore glottic closure by augmenting the atrophied vocal muscle, and also by turning the paralyzed vocal fold towards midline. Currently, there exists a great diversity of synthetic, xenologous, homologous, and autologous substances available for injection. An autologous graft is perfect in terms of biocompatibility. Free fascia grafts have been successfully used in the head and neck surgery for decades, but fascia had not been previously applied into the vocal fold. The fascia is harvested from the lateral thigh under local anesthesia and minced into paste by scissors. Injection of the vocal fold is performed in laryngomicroscopy under general anesthesia. Three series of clinical trials of injection laryngoplasty with autologous fascia (ILAF) for patients with UVFP were conducted at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Helsinki University Central Hospital. The follow-up ranged from a few months to ten years. The aim was to document the vocal results and possible morbidity related to graft harvesting and vocal fold injection. To address the tissue reactions and the degree of reabsoprtion of the graft, an animal study with a follow-up ranging from 3 days to 12 months was performed at the National Laboratory Animal Center, University of Kuopio. Harvesting of the graft and injection was met with minor morbidity. Histological analysis of the vocal fold tissue showed that fascia was well tolerated. Although some resorption or compaction of the graft during the first months is evident, graft volume is maintained well. When injected deep and laterally into the vocalis muscle, the fascia graft allows normal vibration of the vocal fold mucosa to occur during phonation. Improvement of voice quality was seen in all series by multiple objective parameters of voice evaluation. However, the vocal results were poor in cases where the nerve trauma was severe, such as UVFP after chest surgery. ILAF is most suitable for correction of mild to moderate glottic gaps related to less severe nerve damage. Our results indicate that autologous fascia is a feasible and safe new injection material with good and stable vocal results. It offers a practical solution for surgeons who treat this complex issue.

Comparative Study of Vocal Communication in Two Asian Leaf Monkeys, Presbytis johnii and Presbytis entellus

This paper presents comparative data on the vocal communication of two Asian leaf monkeys, the Nilgiri langur (Presbytis johnii) and South Indian common langur (Presbytis entellus), based on sound recordings and behavioural observations of free-ranging groups. Spectrographical analyses revealed a repertoire of 18 basic patterns for Nilgiri langurs, and 21 basic patterns for common langurs. The repertoires of the two langur species consist of both discretely structured vocal patterns, in which alterations of the physical parameters are restricted to intra-class variation, and those in which structural variations cause intergradation between different sections of the repertoire. Qualitative assessments of group scans indicate that in both species vocal behaviour is characterized by pronounced sex-differences in the use of the different elements of the vocal repertoire. Comparison of data available from different populations of P. entellus suggests population-specific modifications on both structural and behavioural levels. Moreover, characteristic elements of the vocal systems of the two Asian species demonstrate striking similarities to those described for the African black-and-white colobus.

Vocal communication of wild bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata)

Field observations and spectrographic analyses of sound recordings of South Indian bonnet macaques revealed a vocal repertoire of at least 25 basic patterns. The repertoire consists of well separated sound classes and acoustic categories connected by structural intergradation. Besides structural variations within and between different elements of the repertoire, the vocal system ofMacaca radiata is characterized by regular combinations of particular basic patterns. These combinations occurred not only between calls of similar structure and function but also between calls usually emitted in entirely different social contexts. According to the qualitative analysis, sex-specific asymmetries of the vocal behaviour were less pronounced than age-dependent characteristics. The comparison of clear call vocalizations ofMacaca radiata andM. fuscata revealed significant species-specific differences on the structural and the behavioural level. Evaluations of the structural features of alarm calls of various macaque species imply marked differences between members of thefascicularis group andsinica group on one hand and thesilenus group andarctoides

Comparative Analyses of Age- and Sex-Specific Patterns of Vocal Behaviour in Four Species of Old World Monkeys

Sound recordings and behavioural data were collected from four primate species of two genera (Macaca, Presbytis). Comparative analyses of structural and behavioural aspects of vocal communication revealed a high degree of intrageneric similarity but striking intergeneric differences. In the two macaque species (Macaca silenus, Macaca radiata), males and females shared the major part of the repertoire. In contrast, in the two langurs (Presbytis johnii, Presbytis entellus), many calls were exclusive to adult males. Striking differences between both species groups occurred with respect to age-specific patterns of vocal behaviour. The diversity of vocal behaviour was assessed from the number of different calls used and the proportion of each call in relation to total vocal output for a given age/sex class. In Macaca, diversity decreases with the age of the vocalizer, whereas in Presbytis the age of the vocalizer and the diversity of vocal behaviour are positively correlated. A comparison of the data of the two genera does not suggest any causal relationship between group composition (e.g. multi-male vs. one-male group) and communication system. Within each genus, interspecific differences in vocal behaviour can be explained by differences in social behaviour (e.g. group cohesion, intergroup relation, mating behaviour) and functional disparities. Possible factors responsible for the pronounced intergeneric differences in vocal behaviour between Macaca and Presbytis are discussed.

Quantifying Vocal Mimicry in the Greater Racket-Tailed Drongo: A Comparison of Automated Methods and Human Assessment

Objective identification and description of mimicked calls is a primary component of any study on avian vocal mimicry but few studies have adopted a quantitative approach. We used spectral feature representations commonly used in human speech analysis in combination with various distance metrics to distinguish between mimicked and non-mimicked calls of the greater racket-tailed drongo, Dicrurus paradiseus and cross-validated the results with human assessment of spectral similarity. We found that the automated method and human subjects performed similarly in terms of the overall number of correct matches of mimicked calls to putative model calls. However, the two methods also misclassified different subsets of calls and we achieved a maximum accuracy of ninety five per cent only when we combined the results of both the methods. This study is the first to use Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficients and Relative Spectral Amplitude - filtered Linear Predictive Coding coefficients to quantify vocal mimicry. Our findings also suggest that in spite of several advances in automated methods of song analysis, corresponding cross-validation by humans remains essential.

Vocal Tract Length Normalization Features for Audio Search

This paper presents speaker normalization approaches for audio search task. Conventional state-of-the-art feature set, viz., Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) is known to contain speaker-specific and linguistic information implicitly. This might create problem for speaker-independent audio search task. In this paper, universal warping-based approach is used for vocal tract length normalization in audio search. In particular, features such as scale transform and warped linear prediction are used to compensate speaker variability in audio matching. The advantage of these features over conventional feature set is that they apply universal frequency warping for both the templates to be matched during audio search. The performance of Scale Transform Cepstral Coefficients (STCC) and Warped Linear Prediction Cepstral Coefficients (WLPCC) are about 3% higher than the state-of-the-art MFCC feature sets on TIMIT database.

Presbítero Manuel Maximiliano Alberti (1763-1811) : párroco de San Nicolás de Bari y vocal de la Primera Junta. En el bicentenario de su muerte

Resumen: El artículo presenta las sucesivas etapas que configuraron el derrotero del sacerdote patriota en las primeras horas del movimiento independentista. Se destacan tanto los valores de su desempeño ministerial como su ascendencia social y política en el ambiente porteño, con la perspectiva propia de los ideales ilustrados de su tiempo y en particular durante el curato en San Nicolás de Bari, la segunda parroquia más importante de la ciudad. Con información bien documentada da cuenta de su nacimiento y de su formación desde sus estudios humanísticos, se reconstruyen los años siguientes dedicados al oficio pastoral de regreso en Buenos Aires y en Maldonado (Uruguay) en tiempos de las invasiones inglesas, su ministerio en San Nicolás de Bari cuando acontece la Revolución de Mayo y su tarea a favor de la causa patriótica desde su participación en el Cabildo Abierto del 22 y su incorporación como vocal de la Primera Junta. Se despliegan los aspectos sobresalientes de esta última misión y los aspectos que se destacan en este recorrido por la vida y la obra de este cura patriota son: compromiso honesto, integridad y actitud de servicio sin reservas desde la función pública.

Numero vocal, exemplar, catholico, e politico, proposto ao mayor entre os santos, o glorioso S. Joam Baptista : para imitaçam do mayor entre os principes, o serenissimo D. Joam V., Nosso Senhor : offerece por Mão do Excelentissimo D. Francisco Xavier de Meneses, Conde de Eyriceyra, do Conselho de sua Majestade, & C. Sebastiam Pacheco Varella

Sebastião Pacheco Varella nasceu em Aveiro, Portuga em 1671 e morreu na mesma cidade , em 170 6. Notável pregador e muito hábil nas línguas latina, espanhola, francesa e italiana, o autor publicou ‘Numero vocal’. O ‘Sermão da seráfica Madre Santa Teresa, na manhã da sua festa, pregado em Aveiro no ano de 1700’, em Coimbra, em 1701; ‘Sermão da seráfica Madre Santa Teresa, na tarde da sua festa, pregado em Aveiro, no dito anno’, em Coimbra, em 1701; e ‘Sermão da bem-aventuraria Santa Joana, Princesa de Portugal e Senhora de Aveiro, pregado no mosteiro da mesma vila em que viveu e morreu na ultima tarde do seu tríduo’, em Lisboa, em 1702. Essa edição é a primeira da obra, que é um conjunto de princípios inspirados na fé católica e no exemplo de São João Batista, como objetivo de orientar os monarcas católicos em suas ações. Segundo Inocêncio, ‘Varella reúne em seu favor os votos de alguns críticos ilustrados’. Morais o "cita" no Dicionário muitas vezes, autorizando com ele o uso de vários termos, e o P. Francisco José Freyre não duvidou qualificá-lo de autor de bastante propriedade na locução e de linguagem corrente’

Avaliação de proposições matemáticas para interpretação do comportamento de solos residuais não saturados

Nas últimas décadas, teorias têm sido formuladas para interpretar o comportamento de solos não saturados e estas têm se mostrado coerentes com resultados experimentais. Paralelamente, várias técnicas de campo e de laboratório têm sido desenvolvidas. No entanto, a determinação experimental dos parâmetros dos solos não saturados é cara, morosa, exige equipamentos especiais e técnicos experientes. Como resultado, essas teorias têm aplicação limitada a pesquisas acadêmicas e são pouco utilizados na prática da engenharia. Para superar este problema, vários pesquisadores propuseram equações para representar matematicamente o comportamento de solos não saturados. Estas proposições são baseadas em índices físicos, caracterização do solo, em ensaios convencionais ou simplesmente em ajustes de curvas. A relação entre a umidade e a sucção matricial, convencionalmente denominada curva característica de sucção do solo (SWCC) é também uma ferramenta útil na previsão do comportamento de engenharia de solos não saturados. Existem muitas equações para representar matematicamente a SWCC. Algumas são baseadas no pressuposto de que sua forma está diretamente relacionada com a distribuição dos poros e, portanto, com a granulometria. Nestas proposições, os parâmetros são calibrados pelo ajuste da curva de dados experimentais. Outros métodos supõem que a curva pode ser estimada diretamente a partir de propriedades físicas dos solos. Estas propostas são simples e conveniente para a utilização prática, mas são substancialmente incorretas, uma vez que ignoram a influência do teor de umidade, nível de tensões, estrutura do solo e mineralogia. Como resultado, a maioria tem sucesso limitado, dependendo do tipo de solo. Algumas tentativas têm sido feitas para prever a variação da resistência ao cisalhamento com relação a sucção matricial. Estes procedimentos usam, como uma ferramenta, direta ou indiretamente, a SWCC em conjunto com os parâmetros efetivos de resistência c e . Este trabalho discute a aplicabilidade de três equações para previsão da SWCC (Gardner, 1958; van Genuchten, 1980; Fredlund; Xing, 1994) para vinte e quatro amostras de solos residuais brasileiros. A adequação do uso da curva característica normalizada, proposta por Camapum de Carvalho e Leroueil (2004), também foi investigada. Os parâmetros dos modelos foram determinados por ajuste de curva, utilizando técnicas de problema inverso; dois métodos foram usados: algoritmo genético (AG) e Levenberq-Marquardt. Vários parâmetros que influênciam o comportamento da SWCC são discutidos. A relação entre a sucção matricial e resistência ao cisalhamento foi avaliada através de ajuste de curva utilizando as equações propostas por Öberg (1995); Sällfors (1997), Vanapalli et al., (1996), Vilar (2007); Futai (2002); oito resultados experimentais foram analisados. Os vários parâmetros que influênciam a forma da SWCC e a parcela não saturadas da resistência ao cisalhamento são discutidos.

As competências legislativas na Constituição de 1988: parâmetros para sua interpretação e para a solução de seus conflitos

O presente estudo procura examinar criticamente a forma como as competências legislativas são interpretadas no Brasil. Em especial, pretende-se demonstrar que o tema pode e deve se beneficiar das modernas técnicas e instrumentos desenvolvidos pela dogmática do Direito Constitucional contemporâneo. O trabalho se estrutura em três partes. Na Primeira Parte, serão expostas algumas premissas teóricas sobre a interpretação constitucional, o federalismo e a sindicabilidade judicial das competências, que nortearão o desenvolvimento do estudo. Na Segunda Parte, examinam-se os processos de qualificação das leis e de interpretação das competências legislativas. A partir do esboço de uma teoria das competências legislativas, será defendida a aplicação de parâmetros segundo os quais, em princípio, todos os dispositivos de competência devem ser interpretados da forma mais ampliativa possível, sendo as eventuais restrições, impostas por outras regras de competência, consideradas e justificadas argumentativamente. Em sua Terceira Parte, e última, o estudo identificará o fenômeno dos conflitos de competências legislativas em geral, esquecidos pela doutrina brasileira , examinando, na sequência, alguns critérios para sua solução. Afastada a possibilidade de recurso à supremacia do direito federal e ao princípio da subsidiariedade, bem como a preferências de mérito, serão desenvolvidos dois parâmetros formais e um material para a solução das inconsistências insolúveis entre competências.