卷烟厂制丝线生产过程建模与计划仿真技术研究

本课题结合国家863高技术计划“面向流程与混合行业的可配置MES产品及行业解决方案”项目2007AA040702和“吉林省延吉卷烟厂制丝生产线生产管理系统”项目选题进行研究与软件开发。是项目研究的主要内容之一，本人主要负责仿真模型建立模块中各项功能的设计与开发。 烟草行业作为一个特殊的行业，它面临着来自市场和国家计划的双重压力，面对这些压力，为了更好的应对市场，烟草企业采用制造执行系统(Manufacturing Execution System，MES)来对卷烟的整个生产过程进行管理。用于完成制丝的制丝生产线是烟草企业最重要的环节，它的工作性能直接决定了卷烟的质量及生产效益。其中，计划的合理性程度以及具体的执行情况是影响其工作性能的关键因素。当前制丝线MES系统的计划调度模块是通过基于规则的调度策略来获得调度方案以对制丝线的生产进行管理，这些规则是根据实际的经验从生产现场抽取得到，在一定程度上保证了计划调度的合理性，但不能保证获得符合实际情况的最优的调度方案，并且在此过程中没有考虑异常事件发生时的应对措施，由于这种调度策略的局限性以及生产线中异常事件发生的随机性，当前制丝线MES系统的计划调度模块已无法很好的管理制丝线的生产。 为解决上述问题，本文在对卷烟厂制丝线生产过程进行建模的基础上，提出并开发了制丝线的计划仿真系统。通过仿真模拟整个制丝生产过程，不仅能确定计划制定的合理性程度，还能预测异常事件发生时对整个计划执行的影响程度，进而采取相应的措施来保证生产的效率。本文的主要研究工作如下： 1、概述了当前主要的生产过程建模方法和离散事件仿真方法，对每种方法的特点进行了概括和总结，在此基础上提出了本文所采用的建模和仿真方法。其中的仿真方法较已有方法在程序实现上做了改进。 2、在对现有的烟草企业制丝线生产过程进行分析的基础上，采用面向对象的建模方法对其进行建模，为生产计划仿真提供基础。 3、设计了生产计划仿真系统的整体框架，对各功能模块设计、系统设计及其实现技术作了细致的阐述。 4、开发实现了该计划仿真系统并针对延吉卷烟厂新厂区制丝线进行计划仿真，分析表明，仿真效果良好。

Androesterilidad en girasol y comportamiento de líneas endocriadas a la podredumbre blanca de capítulos

p.111-120

Genomic insights into the origin of parasitism in the emerging plant pathogen Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the nematode responsible for a devastating epidemic of pine wilt disease in Asia and Europe, and represents a recent, independent origin of plant parasitism in nematodes, ecologically and taxonomically distinct from other nematodes for which genomic data is available. As well as being an important pathogen, the B. xylophilus genome thus provides a unique opportunity to study the evolution and mechanism of plant parasitism. Here, we present a high-quality draft genome sequence from an inbred line of B. xylophilus, and use this to investigate the biological basis of its complex ecology which combines fungal feeding, plant parasitic and insect-associated stages. We focus particularly on putative parasitism genes as well as those linked to other key biological processes and demonstrate that B. xylophilus is well endowed with RNA interference effectors, peptidergic neurotransmitters (including the first description of ins genes in a parasite) stress response and developmental genes and has a contracted set of chemosensory receptors. B. xylophilus has the largest number of digestive proteases known for any nematode and displays expanded families of lysosome pathway genes, ABC transporters and cytochrome P450 pathway genes. This expansion in digestive and detoxification proteins may reflect the unusual diversity in foods it exploits and environments it encounters during its life cycle. In addition, B. xylophilus possesses a unique complement of plant cell wall modifying proteins acquired by horizontal gene transfer, underscoring the impact of this process on the evolution of plant parasitism by nematodes. Together with the lack of proteins homologous to effectors from other plant parasitic nematodes, this confirms the distinctive molecular basis of plant parasitism in the Bursaphelenchus lineage. The genome sequence of B. xylophilus adds to the diversity of genomic data for nematodes, and will be an important resource in understanding the biology of this unusual parasite.

Quantifying the relationship between temperature regulation in the ear and floret development stage in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under heat and drought stress

Thermal imaging is a valuable tool for the elucidation of gas exchange dynamics between a plant and its environment. The presence of stomata in wheat glumes and awns offers an opportunity to assess photosynthetic activity of ears up to and during flowering. The knowledge of spatial and temporal thermodynamics of the wheat ear may provide insight into interactions between floret developmental stage (FDS), temperature depression (TD) and ambient environment, with potential to be used as a high-throughput screening tool for breeders. A controlled environment study was conducted using six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes of the elite recombinant inbred line Seri/Babax. Average ear temperature (AET) was recorded using a hand held infrared camera and gas exchange was measured by enclosing ears in a custom built cuvette. FDS was monitored and recorded daily throughout the study. Plants were grown in pots and exposed to a combination of two temperature and two water regimes. In the examined wheat lines, TD varied from 0.1°C to 0.6°C according to the level of stress imposed. The results indicated that TD does not occur at FDS F3, the peak of active flowering, but during the preceding stages prior to pollen release and stigma maturity (F1-F2). These findings suggest that ear temperature during the early stages of anthesis, prior to pollen release and full extension of the stigma, are likely to be the most relevant for identifying heat stress tolerant genotypes.

Características agronômicas, produtividade, qualidade de vagens e divergência genética em feijão-vagem de crescimento indeterminado

Avaliou-se a divergência genética entre quinze linhagens (Hav 13, Hav 14, Hav 21, Hav 22, Hav 25, Hav 38, Hav 40, Hav 41, Hav 49, Hav 53, Hav 56, Hav 64, Hav 65, Hav 67 e Hav 68) e cinco cultivares (Macarrão Favorito AG480, Macarrão Preferido AG482, Manteiga Maravilha AG481, Teresópolis AG484 e Macarrão Bragança) de feijão-vagem de crescimento indeterminado, utilizando-se vinte características agronômicas. O ensaio foi conduzido na AGENCIARURAL - EE de Anápolis, no período de 30/04 a 10/08/1998. Os dados foram submetidos às análises de variância e multivariada (distância D² de Mahalanobis e o método de agrupamento de Tocher). Houve diferenças significativas entre os genótipos para as características consideradas. Os genótipos Hav 13, Hav 49, Hav 56, Hav 64, Hav 68, Favorito AG480 e Teresópolis AG484 destacaram-se com relação ao conjunto de características favoráveis a produtores e consumidores. Houve maior freqüência de pares com maiores distâncias, quando um dos componentes era a cultivar Teresópolis AG484 ou Hav 49, e de pares com menores distâncias quando seus componentes tiveram como ancestral comum a linhagem Hab 229. Os genótipos distribuíram-se em quatro grupos, sendo um constituído exclusivamente pela linhagem Hav 49, outro englobando as cultivares Manteiga Maravilha AG481 e Teresópolis AG484. A linhagem Hav 41 e as cultivares Macarrão Favorito AG480 e Macarrão Preferido AG482 um terceiro grupo, e os demais genótipos um único grupo. As características que mais contribuíram para a divergência entre os genótipos foram o número de dias para o início de floração e o comprimento das vagens, com 58,11% do total, seguidas da porcentagem de palha na vagem seca, da largura das vagens, das alturas das plantas nas duas épocas avaliadas, do peso médio de vagem e do número de vagens por planta que, em conjunto, contribuíram com 85,73% do total.

Desenvolvimento inicial da parte aérea e do sistema radicular do guandu, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp

O desenvolvimento das cultivares de guandu IAC-Fava Larga (C1), ICP-7035 (C3) e daiinhagem IAC-87318 (C2) foi estudado em três idades, aos 14,28 e 42 dias após a semeadura, em casa de vegetação. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: altura (cm), número de folhas, área foliar (dm²), densidade de raízes (cm de raiz/cm³ de substrato) e massa seca (g) de caules, lâminas foliares e raízes. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. As médias das medidas de crescimento das cultivares foram comparadas entre si, pelo teste de Tukey, em cada idade, tendo a cultivar C2 apresentado maior crescimento do sistema radicular e da parte aérea, aos 14, 28 e 42 dias. As cultivares C3 e C1, apresentaram plântulas menos vigorosas e com menor quantidade de raízes. Os sistemas radiculares de C1, C2 e C3 alcançaram cerca de 60cm de profundidade, aos 14 dias, e os de C2 e C3 no final do experimento, aos 42 dias, quando atingiram 100cm.

Identification of haploid maize by flow cytometry, morphological and molecular markers

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estabilidade e adaptabilidade para caracteres de produção em linhagens de milho

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Entwicklung des Laserionenquellen und -fallenprojekts LIST für Ultraspurendetektion und Grundlagenforschung

Die vorliegende Dissertation beschreibt die Realisation des neuartigen Konzepts der Laserionenquellenfalle für die on-line Produktion exotischer Nuklide und für den Nachweis von Spurenisotopen in Proben mit starken Isobarenkontaminationen. Ziel dieser Entwicklung ist eine wesentliche Steigerung der Isobarenselektivität einer herkömmlichen Laserionenquelle, sowie die Erzeugung zeitlich kontrollierter Ionenpulse mit hervorragender Strahlqualität. Es konnte die prizipielle Funktionsfähigkeit des Systems in Kombination mit einem Titan:Saphir-Lasersystem für die Elemente Gallium, Calcium und Nickel demonstriert und Ionenpulse mit einer minimalen Pulslänge von 1 µs erzeugt werden. Nach ersten Abschätzungen ist die Effizienz des Systems etwa einen Faktor 2500 geringer als die einer herkömmlichen Laserionenquelle. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem spurenanalytischen Nachweis von 99-Tc, mit dem Ziel, das Verhalten von 99-Tc in der Umgebung eines möglichen Endlagers für nukleare Abfälle studieren zu können. Hier wurden erste Studien mit dem kurzlebigen Isomer 99m-Tc zur Wechselwirkung von Tc(VII) mit Huminsäure und Kaolinit durchgeführt. Für den Einsatz der Laserionenquellenfalle in der Ultraspurenanalyse, wurde ein effizientes Anregungsschema für Titan:Saphir-Laser entwickelt und 99-Tc in einer herkömmlichen Ionenquelle nachgewiesen. Der letzte Teil der Arbeit beschreibt Machbarkeitsstudien zum Aufbau einer Laserionenquelle auf Basis eines Titan:Sahphir-Lasersystems, die parallel zu oben genannten Entwicklungen am Oak Ridge National Laboratory durchgeführt wurden. Im Rahmen dieser Messungen wurden Anregungsschemata für die resonante Anregung und Ionisation von Kupfer und Palladium für Titan:Saphir-Laser getestet. Dabei konnte zum ersten Mal frequenzvervierfachtes Laserlicht in einer Laserionenquelle eingesetzt werden. Am ORNL wurden Studien zur Zeitstruktur von Laserionenpulsen, sowie Emittanzmessungen von Laser- und Oberflächenionenstrahlen durchgeführt werden.

A multiparental cross population for mapping QTL for relevant agronomic traits in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)

Multiparental cross designs for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) in crops are efficient alternatives to conventional biparental experimental populations because they exploit a broader genetic basis and higher mapping resolution. We describe the development and deployment of a multiparental recombinant inbred line (RIL) population in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) obtained by crossing four elite cultivars characterized by different traits of agronomic value. A linkage map spanning 2,663 cM and including 7,594 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was produced by genotyping 338 RILs with a wheat-dedicated 90k SNP chip. A cluster file was developed for correct allele calling in the framework of the tetraploid durum wheat genome. Based on phenotypic data collected over four field experiments, a multi-trait quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was carried out for 18 traits of agronomic relevance (including yield, yield-components, morpho-physiological and seed quality traits). Across environments, a total of 63 QTL were identified and characterized in terms of the four founder haplotypes. We mapped two QTL for grain yield across environments and 23 QTL for grain yield components. A novel major QTL for number of grain per spikelet/ear was mapped on chr 2A and shown to control up to 39% of phenotypic variance in this cross. Functionally different QTL alleles, in terms of direction and size of genetic effect, were distributed among the four parents. Based on the occurrence of QTL-clusters, we characterized the breeding values (in terms of effects on yield) of most of QTL for heading and maturity as well as yield component and quality QTL. This multiparental RIL population provides the wheat community with a highly informative QTL mapping resource enabling the dissection of the genetic architecture of multiple agronomic relevant traits in durum wheat.

Increasing the Glutathione Content in a Chilling-Sensitive Maize Genotype Using Safeners Increased Protection against Chilling-Induced Injury

With the aim of analyzing their protective function against chilling-induced injury, the pools of glutathione and its precursors, cysteine (Cys) and gamma -glutamyl-Cys, were increased in the chilling-sensitive maize (Zea mays) inbred line Penjalinan using a combination of two herbicide safeners. Compared with the controls, the greatest increase in the pool size of the three thiols was detected in the shoots and roots when both safeners were applied at a concentration of 5 muM. This combination increased the relative protection from chilling from 50% to 75%. It is interesting that this increase in the total glutathione (TG) level was accompanied by a rise in glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2) activity. When the most effective safener combination was applied simultaneously with increasing concentrations of buthionine sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, the total gamma -glutamyl-Cys and TG contents and GR activity were decreased to very low levels and relative protection was lowered from 75% to 44%. During chilling, the ratio of reduced to oxidized thiols first decreased independently of the treatments, but increased again to the initial value in safener-treated seedlings after 7 d at 5 degreesC. Taking all results together resulted in a linear relationship between TG and GR and a biphasic relationship between relative protection and GR or TG, thus demonstrating the relevance of the glutathione levels in protecting maize against chilling-induced injury.

Investigation of the starch gelatinisation phenomena in water-glycerol systems: application of modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry

The use of modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC) has provided further insight into the gelatinisation process since it allows the detection of glass transition during gelatinisation process. It was found in this work that the glass transition overlapped with the gelatinisation peak temperature for all maize starch formulations studied. Systematic investigation on maize starch gelatinisation over a range of water-glycerol concentrations with MTDSC revealed that the addition of glycerol increased the gelatinisation onset temperature with an extent that depended on the water content in the system. Furthermore, the addition of glycerol promoted starch gelatinisation at low water content (0.4 g water/g dry starch) and the enthalpy of gelatinisation varied with glycerol concentration (0.73-19.61 J/g dry starch) depending on the water content and starch type. The validities of published gelatinisation models were explored. These models failed to explain the glass transition phenomena observed during the course of gelatinisation and failed to describe the gelatinisation behaviour observed over the water-glycerol concentrations range investigated. A hypothesis for the mechanisms involved during gelatinisation was proposed based on the side chain liquid crystalline polymer model for starch structure and the concept that the order-disorder transition in starch requires that the hydrogen bonds (the major structural element in the granule packing) to be broken before the collapse of order (helix-coil transition) can take place. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Investigating the use of sweet sorghum as a model for sugar accumulation in sugarcane

This paper outlines a current investigation of sugar accumulation in sweet sorghum to assist in understanding and simplifying this complex trait in sugarcane. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) sorghum population, between a sweet and a grain sorghum, has been developed and phenotyped for various morphological and agronomic traits related to grain yield, biomass and stem sugar content. A genetic linkage map will be constructed for the sweet sorghum population with the objective of identifying genomic regions associated with sucrose accumulation in sweet sorghum. This will lead to further work, including comparative mapping in sugarcane, to identify the extent to which sweet sorghum can be used as a model for investigating sugar accumulation in sugarcane.

Maize inbreds from different heterotic groups as favorable sources for increased potential bioavailability of magnesium, iron, manganese and zinc

Malnutrition, as a global problem, is mainly caused by low level of mineral elements in staple food (deficient soil). Biofortification is based on selection of genotypes with enhanced concentration of mineral elements in grain, as well as decreased concentration of substances which interfere bioavailability of mineral elements in gut (like phytic acid), and increased content of substances that increase availability (such as β-carotene). The experiment with 51 maize ( Zea mays L.) inbred lines with different heterotic background was set up in order to evaluate chemical composition of grain and to determine the relations between phytic acid (PA), β-carotene, and mineral elements: Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn. The highest average phytate, β-carotene, Fe, and Mn content was found in grain of inbreds from Lancaster heterotic group. The highest content of Mg was in grain of Independent source and Zn in grain of BSSS group. Increased level of Fe and Mn in Lancaster lines could be partially affected by higher PA content in grain, while increased β-carotene content could improve Mn and Zn availability from grain of BSSS genotypes and Mg availability from Lancaster inbreds. It is important to underline that PA reduction is followed by Zn content increase in grain of Lancaster heterotic group, as well as that variations in Mg, Fe, and Mn contents are independent on PA status in inbreds from Independent source, indicating that the genotypes with higher Mg, Fe and Mn status from this group could serve as favorable source for improved Mg, Fe, and Mn absorption.

Book Review: "Below the Line: Producers and Production Studies in the New Television Economy by Vicki Mayer", Duke University Press, 2012

Vicki Mayer’s book is unusual in that, despite its title, it is not about television producers at all, or at least not in the sense that scholars and the television industry itself have traditionally understood the role. Rather than referring to those in creative, managerial or financial control, or those with substantial intellectual input into a program, Mayer uses the term in a deliberately broad sense to mean, essentially, anyone ‘whose labor, however small, contributes to [television] production’ (179).