Main chain and segmental dynamics of semi interpenetrating based on polyisoprene and poly(methyl methacrylate)

Main chain and segmental dynamics of polyisoprene (PI) and poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) chains in semi IPNs were systematically studied over a wide range of temperatures (above and below T-g of both polymers) as a function of composition, crosslink density, and molecular weight. The immiscible polymers retained most of its characteristic molecular motion; however, the semi IPN synthesis resulted in dramatic changes in the motional behavior of both polymers due to the molecular level interpenetration between two polymer chains. ESR spin probe method was found to be sensitive to the concentration changes of PMMA in semi IPNs. Low temperature spectra showed the characteristics of rigid limit spectra, and in the range of 293-373 K.complex spectra were obtained with the slow component mostly arisingout of the PMMA rich regions and fast component from the PI phase. We found that the rigid PMMA chains closely interpenetrated into thehighly mobile PI network imparts motional restriction in nearby PI chains, and the highly mobile PI chains induce some degree of flexibility in highly rigid PMMA chains. Molecular level interchain mixing was found to be more efficient at a PMMA concentration of 35 wt.%. Moreover, the strong interphase formed in the above mentionedsemi IPN contributed to the large slow component in the ESR spectra at higher temperature. The shape of the spectra along with the data obtained from the simulations of spectra was correlated to the morphology of the semi IPNs. The correlation time measurement detected the motional region associated with the glass transition of PI and PMMA, and these regions were found to follow the same pattern of shifts in a-relaxation of PI and PMMA observed in DMA analysis. Activation energies associated with the T-g regions were also calculated. T-50G was found to correlate with the T-g of PMMA, and the volume of polymer segments undergoing glass transitional motion was calculated to be 1.7 nm(3).C-13 T-1 rho measurements of PMMA carbons indicate that the molecular level interactions were strong in semi IPN irrespective of the immiscible nature of polymers. The motional characteristics of H atoms attached to carbon atoms in both polymers were analyzed using 2D WISE NMR. Main relaxations of both components shifted inward, and both SEM and TEM analysis showed the development of a nanometer sized morphology in the case of highly crosslinked semi IPN. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Thermal degradation kinetics of poly(trimethylol propane triacrylate)/poly(hexane diol diacrylate) interpenetrating polymer network

Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA) and 1,6-hexane diol diacrylate (HDDA) at different weight ratios were synthesized. Temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC) was used to determine whether the formation resulted in a copolymer or interpenetrating polymer network (IPN). These polymers are used as binders for microstereolithography (MSL) based ceramic microfabrication. The kinetics of thermal degradation of these polymers are important to optimize the debinding process for fabricating 3D shaped ceramic objects by MSL based rapid prototyping technique. Therefore, thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation of these IPNs have been studied by dynamic and isothermal thermogravimetry (TGA). Non-isothermal model-free kinetic methods have been adopted (isoconversional differential and KAS) to calculate the apparent activation energy (E a) as a function of conversion (α) in N 2 and air. The degradation of these polymers in N 2 atmosphere occurs via two mechanisms. Chain end scission plays a dominant role at lower temperature while the kinetics is governed by random chain scission at higher temperature. Oxidative degradation shows multiple degradation steps having higher activation energy than in N 2. Isothermal degradation was also carried out to predict the reaction model which is found to be decelerating. It was shown that the degradation of PTMPTA follows a contracting sphere reaction model in N 2. However, as the HDDA content increases in the IPNs, the degradation reaction follows Avrami-Erofeev model and diffusion governed mechanisms. The intermediate IPN compositions show both type of mechanism. Based on the above study, debinding strategy for MSL based microfabricated ceramic structure has been proposed. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Diseño y despliegue de una red inalámbrica segura y control de acceso de sensores IP

[ES]El proyecto está orientado a conseguir una comunicación inalámbrica y segura de una red de sensores IP. Por un lado, mediante el protocolo 6LoWPAN se consigue que los datos se transmitan mediante IPv6 y, por otro lado, gracias al protocolo LADON se establecen los servicios de seguridad de autenticación, integridad de datos, autorización y control de acceso.

用酶联免疫吸附试验快速检测虹鳟的传染性胰脏坏死病病毒

<正> 我国于1987年从进口的虹鳟中分离了传染性胰脏坏死病病毒(Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus简称IPNV),并进行了血清学鉴定。由于病鱼没有特有的临床症状,所以迅速查找鱼体内特异性的病毒是十分必要的。本文报道了用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)鉴定细胞培养中分离出的IPN病毒及从鱼组织中直接检测IPN

虹鳟传染性胰脏坏死病病毒(IPNV)的初步研究

山西省虹鳟试验场用从日本引进的鱼卵孵化的虹鳟稚鱼暴发流行病,死亡率高达90％以上。经组织培养分离到病毒,能在鲑鳟细胞系中产生细胞病变,形成直径0.5—1mm的空斑。感染健康虹鳟稚鱼能复制出与天然发病相同的症状和死亡率。病毒对氯仿不敏感,耐酸、耐热。病毒负染后电镜观察为直径55—65mm的二十面体颗粒,无囊膜,具单层衣壳。经血清学鉴定为传染性胰脏坏死病病毒(Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus简称IPNV)在血清学交叉中和反应中与抗IPN-Sp株的抗血清有强烈的交叉反应,

亲水性聚合物互穿网络膜的制备、性质和应用研究

本论文采用连续互穿网络技术，自由基的水溶液聚合，制备了一系列pH敏感的互穿网络的水凝胶膜，详细的研究了它们的性质，并探讨了其在药物输送体系潜在的应用。 用溶液聚合和化学交联方法合成了一系列PVA/PAA，PAA-co-PAMPS/PVA全互穿网络水凝胶膜，用红外光谱、DSC、SEM表征了网络的结构特征，并系统的研究了在不同介质中的溶胀性质、机械性质和吸湿性。 用水相沉淀聚合和同时采用化学交联又有物理缠结的互穿网络思想，制备了具有纳米结构、pH敏感的水凝胶膜，进一步得到了透明的PHEMA的水凝胶膜。SEM，FTIR光谱，和紫外可见光谱表征了多重互穿网络的特征。DSC分析表明这种方法使互不相容的PVA, PHEMA 和PMA具有热力学相容性。溶胀和去溶胀动力学表明由于其纳米结构使这种多重的IPN具有快速的响应；且透明的膜具有高的水含量。 本论文的创新之处是同时采用化学交联又有物理缠结的互穿网络技术制备了纳米结构的含PHEMA的水凝胶膜，解决了PHEMA与PVA、PAA、PMA不相容的问题，并进一步获得了溶胀透明的水凝胶膜，透光率最高可达93%。这种方法单体含量低，方便简单，避免了使用有机溶剂，有利于生物医学应用。

玉米淀粉的化学与物理修饰

本论文以淀粉为研究对象，从高分子的基本理论出发，通过化学与物理的手段利用淀粉上的经基，调控了淀粉大分子链的聚集态结构，探索了将淀粉这种天然储能高分子变为实用的材料的可能性。采用化学交联的手段制备了交联淀粉膜。研究了淀粉交联后的老化过程和水在其中的结合状态。试验证明，交联键的引入使得淀粉的结晶和局部有序结构程度下降，让淀粉大分子的聚集态结构趋于均一化的同时，释放出大量的"自由轻基"。改变了淀粉膜的吸水能力和淀粉内部水分子的结合状态，综合交联与水分子的增塑作用，可以在一定程度上调控淀粉膜的力学性能。淀粉和生物降解大分子（PCL、PHBV）制备的IPN材料显著的提高了淀粉的耐水性能。通过实验证明DMSO／water配合体系作为一种高效、安全的组合溶剂对淀粉的醚化反应非常有效，取代度最高可达1．81。控制节基氯和淀粉重复单元的摩尔比、反应温度、DMSO/water组合溶剂的不同配比等可以制备出不同取代度的节基淀粉醚。经证实，淀粉的醚化反应主要发生在脱水葡萄糖环上的2位碳原子的经基上，其次发生在C-6、C-3碳原子的经基上。醚化后的淀粉即使很低的取代度（Ds：0．0546）时淀粉在x一射线衍射曲线上的结晶峰已经完全消失了。发现了稳定、高效的淀粉增塑剂FSDT。使用FSDT成功的对淀粉进行了塑化处理，而且塑化后的淀粉一年后仍保持优良的机械性能，特别是当FSDT的含量超过30％以后，淀粉从无法加工的脆性材料变成了类似弹性体的材料，在此基础对淀粉进行了化学交联，交联后样品的断裂伸长率有了更进一步的提升，达到470％。

丁腈羟聚氨酯／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯互穿网络高聚物的制备、形态和T_g转变行为的研究

采用同步法合成了丁腈羟聚氨酯[PU(HTBN)]/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)互穿网络高聚物(IPN)，丁腈羟(HTBN)以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)固化，PMMA的交联剂为二甲基丙烯酸-缩乙二醇酯(DEGDMA)。用H－500型电子显微镜(TEM)观察形态，用DDV－II型粘弹谱仪测定动态力学谱。实验结果表明，提高任一组分交联程度，均使体系的“强迫互容”性增加，PMMA相区可从3000～6000 A变成1000 A左右，加入与HTBN等当量的三羟甲基丙烷（TMP），或在DEGDMA用量为MMA重量的2％时，样品表现出两相连续性都较大的形态，两个T_g转变峰之间的Tanδ值也较高。提高腈其含量，可增加体系的化学相容性。当HTBN中丙烯腈含量约为24％时，表现为半相容体系。样品的Tanδ值在－20～＋120 ℃范围内，均在0.2～0.3上下，PMMA相区为200 A左右。在半相容体系中，“强迫互容”性对T_g较变行为和形态均有较明显影响。样品在动态力学谱上有两个转变峰，T_(g1)和T_(g2)，T_(g1)是PU（HTBN）的T_g转变，T_(g2)是PMMA的T_g转变。我们发现某些样品出现T_(g2)高于PMMA的T_g现象。通过对简化体系的研究表明，此现象与MMA跟HTBN上双键的反应有关，反应条件较激烈或1,2结构含量较高时，T_(g2)升高的幅度也较大。我们还制得一些阻尼特性较好的样品，它们具有用做吸振材料的可能性。

聚醋酸乙烯酯/聚丙烯酸甲酯互穿聚合物网络的研究

Interpenetrating Polymer Network-IPN是六十年代初开始发展起来的一种新的化学共混方法。对它在基础和应用开发等方面的研究都有着重要的意义。目前，在IPN的研究领域内，还存在着许多没有表征清楚和难以表征的问题。如IPN中互穿缠结的存在及其形态，IPN的微相结构，IPN的结构与性能之间的关系等问题。这固然与IPN体系本身的复杂性和其理论和基础研究不成熟等因素有关，但也是部分地由于没有选择一个较好的IPN体系，能够较系统地对这些问题加以研究。聚醋酸乙烯酯与丙烯酸甲酯的结构单元在化学结构上是同分异构体，因此是一对相容性较好的聚合物。本工作合成了一系列的聚醋酸乙烯酯-聚丙烯酸甲酯LPN，并对这一体系进行了以下几个方面的研究。一、IPN的合成条件对其动态力学性能的影响二、IPN中的网络I和网络II由于互穿缠结而起的强迫互容效应。三、IPN的溶胀行为反其网络间互穿缠结对溶胀行为的影响。四、IPN体系的橡胶态模量反互穿缠结效应对IPN橡胶态模量的影响。用Binder-Frisch模型解释实验结果，并描述互穿缠结链的形态。五、IPN中网络间的互穿缠结效应对其微相结构的稳定作用。我们首次研究了非Millar-IPN的溶胀行为和其橡胶态模量行为。结果表明在IPN中确实存在着网络间的互穿缠结效应，并且证明，对于互穿缠结效应，网络I比网络II起着更为重要的作用。定性地证明Binder-Frisch模型反其互穿缠结熵公式，ΔSent ∝ φ_I~(-2/3)(1-φ_I)~(1/3) N_I~(-1)N_(II)~(-1/2)σ_I~(-2)σ_(II)~(-1)对于IPN体系是合理的。通过改变网络链的运动环境和改变其相容性等实验手段证明IPN中网络的互穿缠结效应对其形态结构有着远程的稳定作用。

聚二丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯/环氧树脂互穿聚合物网络的研究

采用直接酯法合成了聚乙二醇600、聚乙二醇400、三缩四乙二醇的丙烯酸双酯，并用FT-IR、~1H-NMR表征了这些双酯的结构。以AIBN为双酯引发剂，XLA为环氧固化催化剂，采用一步法（Simultaneous）合成了一系列聚二丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯/环氧树脂互穿聚合物网络。用FT-IR表征了两组分间的氢键相互作用。测定了一系列IPN样品的力学性能，并讨论了各种因素对IPN的力学性能的影响。

聚环氧氯丙烷聚氨酯互穿网络聚合物研究

本文通过一步法合成了两大类聚氨酯互穿网络聚合物（IPN）。其中第一组分是用端羟基聚环氧氯丙烷（PECH）与异氰酸酯反应合成的具有低玻璃化转变温度（Tg）、高弹性的聚醚型聚氨酯，另一组分是高Tg、高模量的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）、聚苯乙烯（PS）或者是这两者的共聚物（P（MMA-co-S））。对合成的IPN进行了详细、系统的研究。

Preparation and Characterization of Interpenetration Polymer Network Films Based on Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Poly(acrylic acid) for Drug Delivery

A series of full interpenetrating polymer network (full-IPN) films of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by radical solution polymerization and sequential IPN technology. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, swelling properties, mechanical properties, morphology, and glass transition temperature of the films were investigated. FTIR spectra analysis showed that new interaction hydrogen bonds between PVA and PAA were formed. Swelling property of the films in distilled water and different pH buffer solution was studied. Swelling ratio increased with increasing PAA content of IPN films in all media, and swelling ratio decreased with increasing PVA crosslink degree. Tensile strength and elongation at break related not only to the constitution of IPNs but also to the swelling ratio of IPNs.

Fabrication and characterization of microstructured and pH sensitive interpenetrating networks hydrogel films and application in drug delivery field

Novel microstructured and pH sensitive poly(acryliac acid-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (P(AA-co-HEMA)/PVA) interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel films were prepared by radical precipitation copolymerization and sequential IPN technology. The first P(AA-co-HEMA) network was synthesized in the present of IPN aqueous solution by radical initiating, then followed by condensation reaction (Glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent) within the resultant latex, it formed multiple IPN microstructured hydrogel film. The film samples were characterized by IR, SEM and DSC. Swelling and deswelling behaviors and mechanical property showed the novel multiple IPN nanostuctured film had rapid response and good mechanical property. The IPN films were studied as controlled drug delivery material in different pH buffer solution using cationic compound, crystal violet as a model drug.

Preparation and Characterization of Nanostructured and High Transparent Hydrogel Films with pH Sensitivity and Application

Novel nanostructured, high transparent, and pH sensitive poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methacryliac acid)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (P(HEMA-co-MA)/PVA) interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel films were prepared by precipitation copolymerization of aqueous phase and sequential IPN technology. The first P(HEMA-co-MA) network was synthesized in aqueous solution of PVA, then followed by aldol condensation reaction, it formed multiple IPN nanostructured hydrogel film. The film samples were characterized by IR, SEM, DSC, and UV-vis spectrum. The transmittance arrived at 93%. Swelling and deswelling behaviors showed the multiple IPN nanostructured film had rapid response. The mechanical properties of all the IPN films improved than that of PVA film. Using crystal violet as a model drug, the release behaviors of the films were studied.

淀粉和生物降解大分子间的半互穿聚合物网络的耐水性研究

以淀粉和可生物降解的PCL或PHBV等疏水性脂肪族聚酯为原料,制备了淀粉基的Sem i-IPN材料.加入PCL或PHBV等疏水性大分子的使淀粉基Sem i-IPN材料的耐水性能相对于原淀粉有很大的改善,通过热处理和溶剂化作用能使Sem i-IPN的耐水性进一步提高.