A interoperabilidade nos sistemas de televisão digital interativa.

A televisão nos dias atuais tem sofrido inúmeras inovações tecnológicas nos campos das transmissões multimídia, qualidade audio-visual e diversidade de funcionalidades. Entretanto, esta essencialmente mantêm sua característica de fornecer informações de forma quase que instantânea à população. O ambiente atual da televisão digital é caracterizado pela coexistência de inúmeros dispositivos capazes de oferecerem uma experiência televisa, associando-se computadores pessoais, smartphones, tablets e outros eletrônicos de consumo. Ainda, pode se incluir a este cenário a disponibilidade de inúmeras redes de transporte de dados tais como a radiodifusão, satélite, cabo e redes em banda larga. Este cenário diversificado, em termos de dispositivos e redes, é denominado de cenário de televisão digital híbrida, a qual destaca-se a interação do expectador com os diversos dispositivos. Estes cenários, por sua vez, motivam o desenvolvimento de tecnologias que permitem o aperfeiçoamento da pervasividade e dos meios pelos os quais os aplicativos possam ser suportados em diferentes plataformas. Este trabalho propõe ambientes interoperáveis envolvendo a televisão digital interativa e outros eletrônicos de consumo, aos quais foram realizados estudos e experimentos para se observar diferentes técnicas de sincronização e comunicação entre plataformas de interatividade para a televisão digital híbrida. Os resultados apontam para a possibilidade de cenários interoperáveis envolvendo o uso de marcadores e também recursos de redes e serviços TCP/IP, levando em consideração a eficiência e eficácia nos diferentes métodos. Conclui-se que os resultados odem motivar o desenvolvimento de cenários diferenciados envolvendo a televisão digital interativa e dispositivos de segunda tela, o que incrementa a interatividade e as formas de entretenimento.

Editorial

This article presents information on the September 2005 issue of the "Australian Journal of Communication." The papers by Dunn and Churchman in this issue of the journal were delivered at the very successful Annual Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Communication Association, hosted by Colleen Mills at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, in July 2005. Dunn's presidential address, on the importance of maintaining public broadcasting, is based on her longterm work at the Australian Broadcasting Commission and her current research at the University of Sydney. Many of the other papers in this issue are related to politics and the media in Australia and New Zealand. Cover discusses how the processes of digitisation and a user-based taste for interactivity have far-reaching broadcast television. In her paper, van Vuuren compares the policy and regulation, practice, and theoretical development of the community broadcasting and community information and communication technology (lCT) sectors in Australia, arguing that the ICT sector can benefit from a knowledge of the way in which the older community broadcasting sector has demonstrated an ability to deliver its services with very limited government support.

TV DIGITAL INTERATIVA NO BRASIL: ESTUDO DOS APLICATIVOS INTERATIVOS STICKERCENTER E DO TELEJORNAL MGTV

Com o avanço da tecnologia e chegada da TV digital no Brasil, estudos apontam que a televisão aberta começa um novo estágio desde seu surgimento. Esta mídia disponibiliza ferramentas que permitem aos emissores de conteúdo uma dimensão interativa ainda não experimentada, sobretudo nos processos de comunicação massivos indicando que é possível novos caminhos de investimento na produção de conteúdo por parte das emissoras de TV. Com esta realidade de fundo, experiências começam a ser testadas no âmbito da televisão, como o StickerCenter, um software - desenvolvido pela TOTVS - que reúne elementos da internet na TV possibilitando ao receptor maior interação com o conteúdo televisivo, outra experiência é a realizada pela Rede Integração, afiliada à Rede Globo em Minas Gerais, com o software desenvolvido pela HXD Interactive Television, que testa um modelo brasileiro de interatividade no telejornal. Este trabalho mostra como estas duas empresas estão desenvolvendo aplicativos interativos para a TV utilizando o Middleware Ginga e os motivos pelos quais sua popularização não aconteceu. O StickerCenter não se popularizou e indica que o motivo seja erro de estratégia da empresa em desenvolver um produto que une broadband e broadcast TV sem atrativos ao consumidor, já o aplicativo interativo da Rede Integração não foi colocado no ar e apresenta inúmeros fatores que demonstram que não explorará a interatividade pela ausência de canal de retorno. Este estudo investigou o impacto da interatividade no mercado da radiodifusão e como a convergência tecnológica aponta para a construção de uma nova mídia baseada em displays interativos capazes de oferecer aos consumidores uma nova forma de recepção de conteúdo.

User Interface Abstraction for enabling TV set based Inclusive Access to the Information Society

199 p.

Exploring the adoption of interactive digital television services as a retail shopping platform

The aim of this research is to consider the possible effect of an emerging technology platform on the uptake of online shopping: interactive (digital) Television (iTV), which enables viewers to select a variety of viewing options, publicity materials, games, entertainment and more recently shopping. An augmented version of the original TAM is applied to this study. Two new constructs are considered namely access and awareness together with perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment and security. The results show that indeed the augmented TAM can be used as a predictive model for the adoption of iTV as an online shopping platform. It is concluded that access, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment and perceived usefulness are significant factors to determine the consumers’behavioural intentions towards the use of digital TV as a new shopping platform. However, awareness and security are considered to be insignificant with no effect on consumers’ behavioural intentions towards the new shopping medium.

Réseau de recherche E-Inclusion, thème 3 : Audiovision interactive et adaptable, projet 3.1, rapport final

Le Réseau de recherche E-Inclusion a pour but de permettre à tous les Canadiens d’accéder au contenu informationnel de documents audiovisuels. Le thème 3 du projet, Audiovision interactive et adaptable, avait pour but d'offrir des lignes directrices à l'intention de producteurs de films et d'émissions de télévision concernant le contenu de textes d'audiovision, et de mesurer l'utilité potentielle, pour la production de textes d'audiovision à partir de mots-clés générés dans d'autres contextes.

Interactive Ray Tracing for Virtual TV Studio Applications

In the last years, the well known ray tracing algorithm gained new popularity with the introduction of interactive ray tracing methods. The high modularity and the ability to produce highly realistic images make ray tracing an attractive alternative to raster graphics hardware. Interactive ray tracing also proved its potential in the field of Mixed Reality rendering and provides novel methods for seamless integration of real and virtual content. Actor insertion methods, a subdomain of Mixed Reality and closely related to virtual television studio techniques, can use ray tracing for achieving high output quality in conjunction with appropriate visual cues like shadows and reflections at interactive frame rates. In this paper, we show how interactive ray tracing techniques can provide new ways of implementing virtual studio applications.

How to Improve the Production Process for interactive TV with semi-formal Methods

The central question for this paper is how to improve the production process by closing the gap between industrial designers and software engineers of television(TV)-based User Interfaces (UI) in an industrial environment. Software engineers are highly interested whether one UI design can be converted into several fully functional UIs for TV products with different screen properties. The aim of the software engineers is to apply automatic layout and scaling in order to speed up and improve the production process. However, the question is whether a UI design lends itself for such automatic layout and scaling. This is investigated by analysing a prototype UI design done by industrial designers. In a first requirements study, industrial designers had created meta-annotations on top of their UI design in order to disclose their design rationale for discussions with software engineers. In a second study, five (out of ten) industrial designers assessed the potential of four different meta-annotation approaches. The question was which annotation method industrial designers would prefer and whether it could satisfy the technical requirements of the software engineering process. One main result is that the industrial designers preferred the method they were already familiar with, which therefore seems to be the most effective one although the main objective of automatic layout and scaling could still not be achieved.

Non-conventional advertising formats in television versus spots: An analysis based on the generated recall

Advertising investment and audience figures indicate that television continues to lead as a mass advertising medium. However, its effectiveness is questioned due to problems such as zapping, saturation and audience fragmentation. This has favoured the development of non-conventional advertising formats. This study provides empirical evidence for the theoretical development. This investigation analyzes the recall generated by four non-conventional advertising formats in a real environment: short programme (branded content), television sponsorship, internal and external telepromotion versus the more conventional spot. The methodology employed has integrated secondary data with primary data from computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) were performed ad-hoc on a sample of 2000 individuals, aged 16 to 65, representative of the total television audience. Our findings show that non-conventional advertising formats are more effective at a cognitive level, as they generate higher levels of both unaided and aided recall, in all analyzed formats when compared to the spot.

Television and the Second Screen.

This book examines an emerging and fast evolving phenomena: that a growing number of people engage with two screens whilst watching television. It seems a simple concept – until we discover the important implications. In doing this, this book will move way beyond the study of online and multimedia content. It will go past the impact of mobile and multi-platform technology on the media. Instead it will examine how this new concept of second screen interactivity changes the way we watch, produce, commission and monetise television programmes in the UK.

On the implementation of a Laboratory of Digital Television according to the ISDB-Tb standard

Este artículo resume el proceso de implementación del Laboratorio de Televisión Digital (DTV) de la Universidad de Cuenca, que surge como un entorno confiable de experimentación e investigación que hace uso de las características asociadas al estándar ISDB-Tb adoptado por Ecuador en el año 2010 para la transmisión de señales de televisión abierta. El objetivo de este artículo es documentar los aspectos que se han considerado para simular un escenario real en el que un Transport Stream (TS) formado por contenido audiovisual y aplicaciones interactivas, primero se genera, para luego transmitirse a través del canal de comunicaciones, y finalmente ser recibido en una televisión con receptor ISDB-Tb. Así, se facilita el desarrollo y la experimentación de nuevos servicios aprovechando el nuevo formato de DTV.

Full threshold vs. Swedish interactive threshold algorithm (SITA) em pacientes glaucomatosos submetidos à perimetria computadorizada pela primeira vez

PURPOSE: To compare the Full Threshold (FT) and SITA Standard (SS) strategies in glaucomatous patients undergoing automated perimetry for the first time. METHODS: Thirty-one glaucomatous patients who had never undergone perimetry underwent automated perimetry (Humphrey, program 30-2) with both FT and SS on the same day, with an interval of at least 15 minutes. The order of the examination was randomized, and only one eye per patient was analyzed. Three analyses were performed: a) all the examinations, regardless of the order of application; b) only the first examinations; c) only the second examinations. In order to calculate the sensitivity of both strategies, the following criteria were used to define abnormality: glaucoma hemifield test (GHT) outside normal limits, pattern standard deviation (PSD) <5%, or a cluster of 3 adjacent points with p<5% at the pattern deviation probability plot. RESULTS: When the results of all examinations were analyzed regardless of the order in which they were performed, the number of depressed points with p<0.5% in the pattern deviation probability map was significantly greater with SS (p=0.037), and the sensitivities were 87.1% for SS and 77.4% for FT (p=0.506). When only the first examinations were compared, there were no statistically significant differences regarding the number of depressed points, but the sensitivity of SS (100%) was significantly greater than that obtained with FT (70.6%) (p=0.048). When only the second examinations were compared, there were no statistically significant differences regarding the number of depressed points, and the sensitivities of SS (76.5%) and FT (85.7%) (p=0.664). CONCLUSION: SS may have a higher sensitivity than FT in glaucomatous patients undergoing automated perimetry for the first time. However, this difference tends to disappear in subsequent examinations.

Interactive Brazilian program to prevent eating disorders behaviors: a pilot study

During a four month scholarly leave in United States of America, researchers designed a culturally appropriate prevention program for eating disorders (ED) for Brazilian adolescent girls. The program "Se Liga na Nutrição" was modeled on other effective programs identified in a research literature review and was carried out over eleven interactive sessions. It was positively received by the adolescents who suggested that it be part of school curricula. The girls reported that it helped them to develop critical thinking skills with regards to sociocultural norms about body image, food and eating practices

Students' collective knowledge construction in the virtual learning environment ""ToLigado - your school interactive newspaper""

Introduction. The ToLigado Project - Your School Interactive Newspaper is an interactive virtual learning environment conceived, developed, implemented and supported by researchers at the School of the Future Research Laboratory of the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Method. This virtual learning environment aims to motivate trans-disciplinary research among public school students and teachers in 2,931 schools equipped with Internet-access computer rooms. Within this virtual community, students produce collective multimedia research documents that are immediately published in the portal. The project also aims to increase students' autonomy for research, collaborative work and Web authorship. Main sections of the portal are presented and described. Results. Partial results of the first two years' implementation are presented and indicate a strong motivation among students to produce knowledge despite the fragile hardware and software infrastructure at the time. Discussion. In this new environment, students should be seen as 'knowledge architects' and teachers as facilitators, or 'curiosity managers'. The ToLigado portal may constitute a repository for future studies regarding student attitudes in virtual learning environments, students' behaviour as 'authors', Web authorship involving collective knowledge production, teachers' behaviour as facilitators, and virtual learning environments as digital repositories of students' knowledge construction and social capital in virtual learning communities.

Television and narratives: cultural identities in globalization age

This paper describes a current research integrated in an international and interdisciplinary project and developed in a global environment between two different tendencies: integration and desintegration. In this scenary, television narrative arises as an essential tool to create and consolidate new cultural identities in order to get a popular narrative on the concept of nation.