High performance green buildings

This work aims to study and analyze strategies and measures to improve energy performance in residential and service buildings, in order to minimize energy losses and energy consumption. Due to the high energy dependence of European Union (EU), including Portugal and Slovenia, and high percentage of energy consumption in the building sector, there was a need to adopt strategies at European level with ambitious goals. This came to force EU - Member States to take measures to achieve the proposed targets for energy consumption reduction. To this end, EU - Member States have adapted the laws to their needs and formed specialized agencies and qualified experts on energy certification, which somehow evaluate buildings according to their performance. In this study, the external characteristics of the building in order to meet its thermal needs and from there to survey the existing and possible constructive solutions to be used at the envelope will be examined, in order to increase comfort and reduce the need of use technical means of air conditioning. The possibility of passive heating and ventilation systems also will be discussed. These techniques are developed in parallel with the deployment and design of the building. In this manner, to reduce the energy consumption, various techniques and technologies exploit natural resources. Thus, appear the more sustainable and efficient buildings, so-called Green Buildings have been appeared. The study ends with the identification of measures used in several buildings, proving the economic return in the medium to long term, as well as the satisfaction of their users.

Are we building competitive and liveable cities?: Guidelines for developing eco-efficient and socially inclusive infrastructure

This guideline jointly published by The UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), and the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), in partnership with the Urban Design Lab of the Earth Institute, Columbia University, provides practical tools for city planners and decision makers to reform urban planning and infrastructure design according to the principles of eco-efficiency and social inclusiveness. It includes case studies from the Republic of Korea, the Philippines, Japan and Sri Lanka.

Regulating Green Buildings

Green buildings are becoming the new fixation for the building industry because of the impact they have on the carbon footprint and the cost savings they offer for utility costs. Governments have begun to produce policies and regulations that implement and mandate green buildings due to these successes. However, the policies are having troubles increasing the popularity and quantities of green buildings. There is a need for a way to produce better policies and regulations that will increase both the amount of green buildings their popularity. A decision-making tool, such as a decision tree, should be created to help policymakers who do not have the backgrounds to produce well thought out regulations. By researching the green building industry and its current status, key points can be graphed out in a decision tool that will provide the needed education for policy makers to produce better green building regulations.

Integration of Building into Nature for the Valles Caldera National Preserve Visitor Center

Valles Caldera National Preserve, located in northern New Mexico, has an opportunity to implement sustainable design concepts while demonstrating long-term financial sustainability in the design of its new visitor center. This building can be designed to use natural systems to provide energy and water, and to blend in with the setting‰Ûªs unique historical and natural landscape. Structures can be integrated into nature by incorporating common techniques, features, and materials of a particular period, area, or people. This analysis identified capital costs for both traditional and sustainable construction techniques, as well as long-term operational costs. The results demonstrate that capital costs of sustainable design that is integrated into the landscape can be comparable to conventional costs and provide long-term operational costs savings.

Green Animal Shelter Design for the Stokes County Humane Society of North Carolina

The Stokes County Humane Society has the opportunity to implement sustainable design concepts and demonstrate long-term fiscal savings in the design of an animal shelter for Stokes County, North Carolina. The proposed renovated structure takes advantage of passive design strategies that convert a cold, steel structure into one with warmth, light, and functionality. Proposed design techniques include an interior courtyard, geothermal heating and cooling, solar panels, a green roof, rainwater harvesting, sustainable landscaping, and clever materials selection. A cost analysis identifies capital costs and long term operational costs for both traditional and sustainable construction techniques. The results are capital costs of a sustainable design that are comparable to a traditional build, with long-term operational cost savings and generated revenue.

Report of the Green Government Coordinating Council.

The Illinois Green Government Coordinating Council promotes the incorporation of pollution prevention and resource conservation practices into government management and operations. The Council fosters a strong environmental quality for Illinois by: 1. Increasing green purchasing; 2. Reducing pollution and waste; 3. Facilitating green building practices; 4. Promoting green policies.

Report of the Illinois Green Government Coordinating Council.

The Illinois Green Government Coordinating Council promotes the incorporation of pollution prevention and resource conservation practices into government management and operations. The Council works with state agencies to reduce waste, improve energy efficiency, conserve water, increase recycling and reuse of materials, incorporate green building principles into new construction and renovation projects, and acquire and use environmentally friendly products.

An exergy based engineering and economic analysis of sustainable building

To achieve the goal of sustainable development, the building energy system was evaluated from both the first and second law of thermodynamics point of view. The relationship between exergy destruction and sustainable development were discussed at first, followed by the description of the resource abundance model, the life cycle analysis model and the economic investment effectiveness model. By combining the forgoing models, a new sustainable index was proposed. Several green building case studies in U.S. and China were presented. The influences of building function, geographic location, climate pattern, the regional energy structure, and the technology improvement potential of renewable energy in the future were discussed. The building’s envelope, HVAC system, on-site renewable energy system life cycle analysis from energy, exergy, environmental and economic perspective were compared. It was found that climate pattern had a dramatic influence on the life cycle investment effectiveness of the building envelope. The building HVAC system energy performance was much better than its exergy performance. To further increase the exergy efficiency, renewable energy rather than fossil fuel should be used as the primary energy. A building life cycle cost and exergy consumption regression model was set up. The optimal building insulation level could be affected by either cost minimization or exergy consumption minimization approach. The exergy approach would cause better insulation than cost approach. The influence of energy price on the system selection strategy was discussed. Two photovoltaics (PV) systems—stand alone and grid tied system were compared by the life cycle assessment method. The superiority of the latter one was quite obvious. The analysis also showed that during its life span PV technology was less attractive economically because the electricity price in U.S. and China did not fully reflect the environmental burden associated with it. However if future energy price surges and PV system cost reductions were considered, the technology could be very promising for sustainable buildings in the future.

An Exergy Based Engineering and Economic Analysis of Sustainable Building

To achieve the goal of sustainable development, the building energy system was evaluated from both the first and second law of thermodynamics point of view. The relationship between exergy destruction and sustainable development were discussed at first, followed by the description of the resource abundance model, the life cycle analysis model and the economic investment effectiveness model. By combining the forgoing models, a new sustainable index was proposed. Several green building case studies in U.S. and China were presented. The influences of building function, geographic location, climate pattern, the regional energy structure, and the technology improvement potential of renewable energy in the future were discussed. The building’s envelope, HVAC system, on-site renewable energy system life cycle analysis from energy, exergy, environmental and economic perspective were compared. It was found that climate pattern had a dramatic influence on the life cycle investment effectiveness of the building envelope. The building HVAC system energy performance was much better than its exergy performance. To further increase the exergy efficiency, renewable energy rather than fossil fuel should be used as the primary energy. A building life cycle cost and exergy consumption regression model was set up. The optimal building insulation level could be affected by either cost minimization or exergy consumption minimization approach. The exergy approach would cause better insulation than cost approach. The influence of energy price on the system selection strategy was discussed. Two photovoltaics (PV) systems – stand alone and grid tied system were compared by the life cycle assessment method. The superiority of the latter one was quite obvious. The analysis also showed that during its life span PV technology was less attractive economically because the electricity price in U.S. and China did not fully reflect the environmental burden associated with it. However if future energy price surges and PV system cost reductions were considered, the technology could be very promising for sustainable buildings in the future.

Building environmental assessment scheme for residential building in Brunei

Building's construction activities, operation and demolition are increasingly recognised as a major source of environmental impact. One strategy for reducing such impacts is most widely known by the term Building Environmental Assessment (BEA). The research is an attempt to develop a new BEA scheme for residential buildings in Brunei which focussing on identifying BEA indicators that best suit for Brunei environment, social and economy. Studies show that Brunei residential sector needs urgent attention to transform its current consumption rate in more sustainable way. Recent launch of Brunei Green Building Council, mandatory energy efficiency guidelines and declaration of ambitious energy intensity reduction target, a new BEA scheme will help contribute sustainability target in residential sector. However the issues of developing a new BEA schemes using existing methods may face constraints in their effectiveness. In this regard, a consensus-forming technique-Delphi method-helps improve greater communication and gain consensus from experts in the construction industry through series of questionnaires. As a result, the final framework is produced comprises of 7 key categories and 37 applicable criteria that achieved high degree of consensus and importance.

Adoção da certificação leed em meios de hospedagem: esverdeando a hotelaria?

A pesquisa objetivou analisar o processo de adoção da certificação "Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design" (LEED) a partir dos estabelecimentos do setor hoteleiro que já a adotaram. Para sua concretização procedeu-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica, coleta de dados secundários em sites institucionais, periódicos e material documental, bem como de dados primários por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foram 21 entrevistados, sendo 02 do Green Building Council Brasil e 19 de meios de hospedagem (31% dos certificados). A análise deu-se por meio da análise de conteúdo com auxílio do software ATLAS.ti. Os resultados permitiram identificar a cronologia dos processos de certificação e o perfil das categorias hoteleiras que adotam o programa LEED. Além disso, as entrevistas possibilitaram a discussão das motivações iniciais de busca pela certificação, bem como as vantagens e os entraves percebidos quanto à sua adoção.

Avaliação do potencial de arrefecimento passivo de um edifício de serviços

As tendências arquitectónicas actuais baseadas na adopção de extensas áreas de envidraçados e de construções com inércia térmica média a fraca resultam num risco acrescido de sobreaquecimento do ambiente interior dos edifícios, e no consequente aumento do consumo de energia para arrefecimento dos mesmos, tornando mais urgente a necessidade de estudar as melhores estratégias para contrariar esse aumento. A presente dissertação destinada à obtenção de grau de Mestre enquadra-se nesta temática e pretende avaliar o potencial de poupança eléctrica gerada por um sistema de arrefecimento passivo num edifício de serviços. Numa primeira fase, identificaram-se as diferentes estratégias de arrefecimento passivo que influenciaram o desempenho dos edifícios no passado e, comparando com edifícios dos nossos dias que com sucesso, aplicaram-se essas mesmas estratégias, demonstrou-se que podemos utilizar recursos da arquitectura vernacular nos edifícios contemporâneos. Posteriormente para avaliar o potencial de arrefecimento em edifícios de serviços para as condições climáticas portuguesas, realizou-se um estudo específico para um edifício real de serviços situado em Coimbra, e recorrendo-se ao software Autodesk Ecotect™, procedeu-se à análise energética da situação actual do edifício, conseguindo-se assim observar os pontos fortes e os pontos fracos do sistema existente. Com base na informação obtida foram testadas soluções a nível de climatização recorrendo à ventilação natural permitindo assim melhorar o desempenho do edifico. Novamente com o programa de cálculo Autodesk Ecotect™ e o Autodesk Green Building Studio™ foi possível fazer uma simulação destes cenários, e compará-los com os resultados da situação existente, podendo desta forma verificar o verdadeiro potencial de arrefecimento do edifício com as medidas propostas

Promoting sustainability as a strategy to mitigate the effects of economic downturn on the construction industry

During the recent years followed by the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), most of business and industries around the globe have been hardly hit to the limit that it still struggling to survive, suffering from the crisis financial consequences. For instance, in the construction industry; many construction projects have been suspended or totally cancelled. Nevertheless, among this dilemma, a call has been raised to use the sustainable practices to mitigate the effects of the GFC on construction industry. For the first look, it seems that there is contradiction since the sustainable solutions are often associated with an increase in the initial cost, undoubtedly, the sustainable practices have many advantages in both economic and environment aspects, however, the question which needs to be addressed here is, to what extent using such sustainable practices can mitigate the negative effects of the economic downturn on construction industry. Therefore, it is a challenging argument for using such sustainable construction from its economic perspective, however, this paper is aiming to present the economical benefits of sustainable practices in construction industry, and trying to clear the doubt of the high initial costs of the sustainable construction through studying the life cycle benefit of green building.

Ympäristöluokitusjärjestelmät talotekniikan suunnitteluprosessissa

Vihreä rakentaminen on voimakkaasti kasvava rakennusliiketoiminnan osa-alue, johon useat toimijat ovat alkaneet herätä. Suomessakin on otettu käyttöön erilaisia ympäristösuorituskyvyn mittarointijärjestelmiä, joilla pyritään varmentamaan laadukas lopputulos vihreille rakennuksille. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää vihreän rakentamisen kannattavuutta. Työn teoriaosassa käydään läpi ympäristöluokitusjärjestelmien ominaisuuksia ja eroavaisuuksia sekä LEED-ympäristöluokitusjärjestelmän sisältö ja suhde Suomen rakentamismääräyksiin. Työn empiirisessä osassa tutkitaan LEED:n talotekniselle suunnittelulle aiheuttamia vaikutuksia sekä niihin liittyvien valintojen elinkaarikustannuksia. Vaikutuksia tutkitaan suunnitteluohjeiden ja -vaatimusten tasolta, suunnittelijoiden ja haastattelujen pohjalta sekä tutkimalla case-kohdetta, jossa tavoitteena on korkeimman LEED-luokituksen saavuttaminen.

Cleantech-toimialan ennakointiselvitys 2009-2010 : Loppuraportti

Cleantech-toimialan ennakointiselvitys toteutettiin Uudenmaan ELY- keskuksen toimeksiannosta vuosina 2009-2010. Selvitys rahoitettiin Uudenmaan ELY- keskuksen osaamisen ennakoinnilla kasvua projektista. Selvityksen toteutuksesta vastasi Aaltonen Consulting Oy. Ympäristöteknologian osaamisklusteri vastasi omalta osaltaan hankkeen tiedottamisesta Uudenmaan alueen cleantech-yrityksiin. Teknologiateollisuus ja Tekes osallistuivat myös hankkeeseen kuuluvan ”Believing the Future- Kilpailukykyä Ennakoinnista” ennakointiseminaarin tiedottamiseen. Selvityksen tavoitteena oli toteuttaa täysin yrityslähtöinen hanke missä yritykset saivat itse määritellä mitä tulevaisuuden muutostekijöitä selvityksessä lähdettiin kartoittamaan. Tätä strategiaa noudattaen toimintaympäristön ja muutostekijöiden analysointiin saatiin konkreettisuutta. Tärkeiksi tulevaisuuden muutostekijöiksi yritykset kokivat mm. EU:n energia- ja ilmastopaketin vaikutukset, uudet ilmanpäästöjen rajoittamiseen liittyvät EU-direktiivit (mm. IE-direktiivi), Kiinan ja USA:n ympäristölainsäädännön kehittymisen lähitulevaisuudessa, kiinteistöjen energia ja ympäristötehokkuuteen liittyvien standardien ja lainsäädännön muutokset EU:ssa, markkinoiden kehitysnäkymät EU-alueella, Kiinassa ja USA:ssa sekä yritysten toimialaa koskevat uudet standardit ja teknologiat sekä investoinnit EU-alueella, Kiinassa ja USA:ssa. Selvityksessä muodostettiin kaksi selkeää miniklusteria jotka olivat ilmanpäästöjen mittaukset ja sähköajoneuvot. Työpajatyöskentelyssä määriteltiin 5 tärkeintä toimialaa koskevaa muutostekijää joille laadittiin 3 vaihtoehtoista skenaariota. Skenaarioiden laadinnasta vastasivat pääasiassa selvitykseen osallistuneiden yritysten toimitusjohtajat. Mukana selvityksessä oli yhteensä 9 cleantech-alan yritystä Uudeltamaalta. Ennakointiselvityksen pääpaino oli cleantech-alan pk-yrityksissä jotka ovat voimakkaasti viennistä riippuvaisia ja joiden menestys riippuu paljolti siitä miten hyvin globaalissa liiketoimintaympäristössä tapahtuvia muutoksia pystytään ennakoimaan. Parhaimmillaan ennakoiva johtamistapa tuo yritykselle kilpailuedun. Selvitys toteutettiin johtoryhmätyöskentelynä, puhelinhaastatteluina sekä skenaario-ja strategiatyöpajoina. Selvitykseen sisältyi myös huomattava osuus toimintaympäristöön liittyviä muutostekijöiden arviointeja ja tietolähteiden kartoitustyötä. Ennakointiselvityksen keskeinen johtopäätös oli se että ennakointityöstä ja ennakoivasta johtamisesta saa parhaimman hyödyn irti silloin kun se kytketään kiinteäksi osaksi yrityksen strategiatyötä.