Perspetivas dos professores do ensino básico e secundário face ao desempenho da profissão: perplexidades e desafios

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Ciências da Educação, especialidade Supervisão em Educação

Locating home : the diverse experiences of recent newcomer youth and first generation youth within Ontario's education system

This study has found that youth who or whose parents had left their home country for fear-based reasons were less involved within their school and wider community than youth who left or whose parents left for reasons concerning their social mobility. Many existing studies focus on the challenges newcomer youth experience within the education system (see Anisef, Brown, Phythian, & Sweet, 2010), however through the use of qualitative methodologies this study expanded on the current literature by further examining why it is some youth are successful in overcoming such challenges, while others are not. This study supported what has been demonstrated in the literature regarding challenges faced by newcomer youth and resources to address such challenges. Despite challenges experienced within the education system, youth planned to complete secondary school and attend a postsecondary institution. However, not all youth anticipated remaining in Canada upon completion of their education, with youth or youth whose parents left their home country for fear-based reasons frequently discussing the possibility of returning to their or their parents' home country. Thus, perhaps these youth were less involved within their school, as their goal was not necessarily to establish or maintain connections within their community as they may have viewed residing in Canada as temporary. This finding has important implications, as there are benefits to involvement in extracurricular activities, which may assist youth in overcoming challenges encountered within the education system. Therefore, it would seem that youth who had or whose parents had left their home country for reasons concerning their social mobility may have be at an advantage within the education system with respect to their involvement in school. Perhaps then this differential involvement may at least partially explain why it is some newcomer youth are able to overcome challenges they experience in the education system, while others are not. Both policy and theoretical implications are discussed.

Le rôle modérateur de la participation aux activités parascolaires dans la relation entre la déviance des amis et le désengagement comportemental chez les adolescents

Ce projet de mémoire vise à examiner dans quelle mesure la participation aux activités parascolaires modère le lien entre l'affiliation aux pairs déviants et le désengagement comportemental différentiel des adolescents et des adolescentes entre la première et la deuxième secondaire. L'échantillon initial est composé de 448 élèves de première secondaire fréquentant deux écoles de la région de Montréal. Au cours de deux années consécutives, le niveau de désengagement comportemental, la participation aux activités parascolaires et le nombre d'amis déviants ont été évalués à partir de mesures auto-révélées par l'élève. Les résultats démontrent qu'au-delà du niveau de scolarité de la mère et du niveau de déviance du jeune, l'affiliation à des pairs déviants est positivement associée au désengagement comportemental de l'adolescent. Par ailleurs, la participation aux activités parascolaires semble être un facteur aggravant pour le désengagement comportemental du jeune. De plus, nos résultats révèlent que l'effet de la participation aux activités parascolaires n’est pas le même pour les garçons et pour les filles. En discussion, plusieurs pistes de réflexion sont soulevées pour expliquer ces résultats surprenants. Les implications pour la recherche et l’intervention sont également présentées.

L’influence de l’apprentissage des arts sur le développement de l’intelligence émotionnelle d’élèves du primaire

Dans les écoles primaires québécoises, les cours d'arts font partie des domaines d’apprentissage obligatoires. Toutefois, les effets de l’apprentissage des arts sur les jeunes élèves demeurent mal connus puisque d’une part, l'art est fréquemment perçu comme une discipline de deuxième ordre et d’autre part, des programmes à volet artistique voient encore le jour dans certaines écoles. L’objectif de l’étude est de déterminer si les élèves de 4ième, 5ième et 6ième années fréquentant une école à volet artistique développent davantage d'habiletés particulières liées directement à leur intelligence émotionnelle (IE) comparativement à des élèves fréquentant une école à programme régulier. Une méthodologie reposant sur un devis quasi expérimental avec groupe témoin non équivalent est privilégiée. Les scores d’IE ont été mesurés à l’aide de questionnaires complétés par les élèves, leur enseignant ainsi que leurs parents afin de trianguler les données. Dans un premier temps, les résultats obtenus auprès de l’ensemble de l’échantillon montrent que selon la perception des enseignants, les élèves suivant des cours d’art en parascolaire ont une IE plus élevée que les élèves qui n’en suivent pas. Toutefois, la fréquentation d’une école proposant un programme artistique ne semble pas avoir d'incidence sur le développement de l'IE puisque les résultats obtenus dans le cadre de cette étude montrent que les élèves inscrits à une école à vocation artistique ont une IE inférieure à celle des élèves provenant d’un programme régulier. Ces résultats contradictoires à l’hypothèse de départ sont discutés à la lumière de la littérature scientifique disponible, ainsi que des forces et des limites de la présente recherche.

Motivaciones (metas) relacionadas con la asistencia a actividades extracurriculares en estudiantes de psicología

El presente trabajo de investigación corresponde a un estudio exploratorio-descriptivo que indaga las motivaciones de un grupo de estudiantes de psicología de la Universidad del Rosario (UR) en Bogotá Colombia, para asistir a actividades extracurriculares (AEC). El grupo se compone de 131 estudiantes de segundo a noveno semestre. Para indagar las motivaciones, se elaboró una encuesta basada en el modelo de metas de Alonso (1991) que incluye metas relacionadas con la tarea, la autovaloración, la valoración social y consecución de recompensas externas. La encuesta se aplicó desde el segundo semestre de 2009 al primer semestre de 2011. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el software SPSS y se elaboraron distribuciones de frecuencia y tablas de contingencia. Para observar la posible relación entre asistencia a AEC y las motivaciones de los estudiantes se utilizó el Chi Cuadrado y el Estadístico Exacto de Fisher. Los resultados indican que existe relación entre la asistencia a AEC ofrecidas por la UR desde que estudia psicología y la motivación intrínseca (P=0,006), y la asistencia a AEC antes de entrar a estudiar psicología y la consecución de premios y recompensas a nivel social (P=0,021).

Motivaciones asistencia a actividades extracurriculares y estilos de vida. Parte II

El presente análisis constituye la segunda parte de una investigación sobre las motivaciones relacionadas con la asistencia a actividades extracurriculares en estudiantes de Psicología de la Universidad del Rosario. Buscó identificar las razones para asistir y para no asistir a dichas actividades, reportadas por esos estudiantes en sus respuestas a las preguntas abiertas realizadas dentro de la encuesta MASAEC. El grupo se compone de 131 estudiantes de segundo a noveno semestre. Los datos se analizaron mediante la creación de categorías basadas en las respuestas de los estudiantes a las preguntas abiertas. Para efectos del presente informe, debe considerarse que no todos los estudiantes respondieron las preguntas abiertas, solo 92 de los 131 estudiantes encuestados lo hicieron. Los resultados indican que el hecho de que las actividades contribuyan a la formación personal, generen bienestar psicológico, enriquezcan las relaciones interpersonales, signifiquen nuevas experiencias y sean de elección personal, son razones importantes para asistir a las actividades extracurriculares.

Medical Student’s Use of Time During Clinical Clerkships and the Credits Based System

Introduction: Comprehensive undergraduate education in clinical sciences is grounded on activities developed during clerkships. To implement the credits system we must know how these experiences take place. Objectives: to describe how students spend time in clerkships, how they assess the educative value of activities and the enjoyment it provides. Method: We distributed a form to a random clustered sample of a 100 students coursing clinical sciences, designed to record the time spent, and to assess the educative value and the grade of enjoyment of the activities in clerkship during a week. Data were registered and analyzed on Excel® 98 and SPSS. Results: mean time spent by students in clerkship activities on a day were 10.8 hours. Of those, 7.3 hours (69%) were spent in formal education activities. Patient care activities with teachers occupied the major proportion of time (15.4%). Of the teaching and learning activities in a week, 28 hours (56%) were spent in patient care activities and 22.4 hours (44.5%) were used in independent academic work. The time spent in teaching and learning activities correspond to 19 credits of a semester of 18 weeks. The activities assessed as having the major educational value were homework activities (4.6) and formal education activities (4.5). The graded as most enjoyable were extracurricular activities, formal educational activities and independent academic work. Conclusion: our students spend more time in activities with patients than the reported in literature. The attending workload of our students is greater than the one reported in similar studies.

Building communities via a learning landscape

The Learning Landscape project described here is known as RedGloo and has several objectives; among others it aims to help students to make friends, contacts and join communities based on interests and competencies. RedGloo provides a space where students can support each other with personal, academic and career development, sharing insights gained from extracurricular activities as well as their degree programmes. It has shown tendencies of becoming a learning community with several communities of practice.

Resilience: a protector from depression

Personality type and resilient behaviors provide protection from the experience of depression, and resilience can increase the risk of not being depressed. Psychiatric–mental health nurses are well positioned to facilitate the development of resilience qualities in people who are depressed. Clinical strategies, which could be undertaken by the psychiatric–mental health nurse, include early intervention, promoting a positive social and familial climate, promoting self-esteem and support building, social and life skills/vocational education, and linking and brokering clients into extracurricular activities.

Teaching literacy in the new media age through the arts

Many school literacy practices often ignore youths' creativity in the 'new media age'. School curricula often do not acknowledge the range of skills adolescents acquire outside formal education. Youths' new multi- modal social and cultural practices - as they fashion themselves creatively in multiple modes as different kinds of people in 'New Times' - points to the liberating power of new technologies that embrace their imagination and creativity. In two middle years classes, adolescents' creativity was recognised and validated when they were encouraged to re-represent curricular knowledge through multi-modal design (New London Group 1996). The results suggest the changed classroom habitus produced new and emergent discursive and material practices where creativity emerges as capital in an economy of practice. Recommendations are put forth for schools to recognise adolescents' creativity - that often manifests itself through their cultural and social capital resources - as they integrate and adapt to the new affordances acquired through their out-of-school literacy practices.

The 'iPortfolio' : measuring uptake and effective use of an institutional electronic portfolio in higher education

An institutional electronic portfolio called the "iPortfolio" had over 17,000 subscribers one year after its introduction at an Australian university. This paper reports on a study to determine how students use these "iPortfolio" accounts, and factors leading to uptake and effective use. Self-assessed competence with technology skills, factors motivating uptake, and barriers to adoption were examined using an online survey completed by 554 students. Of these, 339 had an "iPortfolio" at the time they completed the survey. Survey results were examined in the context of usage patterns based on data automatically collected for operational and administrative purposes. No statistically significant difference in prior technology use or self-assessed competence with information technology was observed when comparing students with "iPortfolio" accounts to those without. Assessment was found to be the principal driver of "iPortfolio" uptake. However, about two-fifths (42.9%) of students agreed that they were likely to use the "iPortfolio" in the future, even if it was not a course requirement. An additional 29.6% were neutral. Significant use of the "iPortfolio" to reflect on extracurricular activities was not observed. Improved employability outcomes were seen to be a benefit of "iPortfolio" adoption by about half (52%) of the students. Recommendations are made to promote "iPortfolio" uptake and encourage student reflection on "lifewide" experiences that enhance employability and augment learning within the formal curriculum.

Ligas Acadêmicas e formação médica: contribuições e desafios

Nos últimos anos tem havido um considerável aumento do número de ligas acadêmicas atuantes nos cursos de graduação em medicina no Brasil. Esse fenômeno, no entanto, não vem sendo acompanhado de adequada reflexão sobre seus determinantes, o papel das ligas dentro das instituições, ou mesmo sua função pedagógica. A partir destas constatações, os autores analisam a precária literatura sobre o tema, descrevem a experiência das ligas acadêmicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - Unesp e refletem a respeito do papel destas na formação médica, na tentativa de suprir um pouco dessa lacuna e contribuir para esta importante discussão.

Da cartolina ao computador: uma proposta para o estudo de Geometria

Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática - IGCE

Adaptação à Universidade de homens e mulheres ingressantes: bem estar e relações interpessoais

Pós-graduação em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem - FC

O racismo na trajetória escolar e profissional de professoras universitárias

A pesquisa proposta empregou um aporte teórico-metodológico interdisciplinar e enfocou as desigualdades sociais e raciais no percurso escolar e profissional de professoras universitárias. A literatura brasileira consultada na área da Psicologia não fornece exemplares de pesquisas qualitativas sobre desigualdades sociais e raciais, focalizadas no negro e no branco. Nesse contexto, inseriu-se o presente estudo, que objetivou responder às seguintes questões: 1) há indicadores de desigualdades sociais, produzidas estruturalmente, que perpassaram a trajetória escolar e profissional da pessoa socialmente intitulada de preta, de parda e de branca? 2) há indicadores de desigualdades raciais, quando se compara o percurso de vida da pessoa socialmente intitulada de preta e parda com o da pessoa socialmente denominada de branca? Participaram do estudo três professoras universitárias: uma socialmente definida como branca e duas como negras (preta e parda), pós-graduadas e lotadas em diferentes departamentos de uma universidade pública brasileira. Na coleta de informações, empregou-se a entrevista narrativa, um questionário sócio-demográfico e uma lista de complementação de frases. As informações coletadas foram submetidas a tratamento, que as transformaram em dados. A organização dos dados incluiu o processo de categorização. Os resultados mostraram que a pobreza, indicador de desigualdades sociais, fez parte de momentos da trajetória existencial das participantes/informantes, mas, ao se considerar a cor, verifica-se que há uma relação entre grau de pobreza e a cor das mesmas e entre o grau de pobreza e as escolhas dos cursos que as levaram à profissionalização; que a escolarização foi via de profissionalização e de mobilidade social ascendente para as mesmas; que as adversidades, surgidas ao longo do percurso escolar da branca, da preta e da parda foram superadas, com o apoio social de parentes e/ou amigos e com emprego de estratégias pessoais de enfrentamento às dificuldades; que para a preta, o fato de completar o ciclo de estudos, e ser uma profissional qualificada por dois cursos de graduação e um de pós-graduação, não a eximiu de ser objeto do racismo, quer através de manifestações explícitas, quer através de formas camufladas; que o racismo contra o negro, expresso na discriminação direta ou indireta, foi dirigido à preta e à parda, em diferentes momentos dos seus cursos de vida, enquanto a branca foi apenas observadora de interações sociais racializadas, em situações do seu cotidiano; que a escola e a família consolidaram-se como reprodutoras do racismo contra o negro; que a instituição escolar apresentou-se como um espaço social contraditório, porque, apesar de objetivar a formação de cidadãos, promoveu a exclusão social das participantes/ informantes, quando eram crianças pobres e freqüentavam o ensino de primeiro grau, ao colocá-las à margem da participação em atividades recreativas, colaborando na reprodução das desigualdades sociais; que, paradoxalmente, enquanto formadora de cidadãos, a escola apresenta-se como local de materialização do racismo, expresso em interações sociais entre colegas ou entre professora e aluna, independentemente do grau de ensino; que o racismo contra o negro faz parte do processo de (re)construção da subjetividade das participantes/informantes, porém as significações que atribuem a esse fenômeno social diferem, em função dos seus fenótipos e experiências nas relações sociais racializadas; que os seus posicionamentos face ao racismo, e engajamento em movimentos sociais de combate à discriminação racial, relacionam-se ao modo como ele afetou as suas vidas, bem como à visibilidade desse fenômeno, no mundo social e/ou nas suas experiências pessoais; que ser objeto do racismo contra o negro gera singularidades constitutivas do si mesmo e da formação da identidade étnica. Os resultados do estudo poderão contribuir na compreensão de aspectos sócio-psicológicos do racismo, em construções teóricas sobre o tema, na identificação de mecanismos psicossociais de inclusão social excludente do negro, na identificação de mecanismos psicológicos de enfrentamento ao racismo, na elaboração de estratégias de pesquisa sobre o racismo; no fornecimento de subsídios para a elaboração e implementação de programas de combate ao racismo na escola, através de atividades curriculares e extracurriculares.