La experiencia de la Escuela de Psicología de la Universidad de Costa Rica en la atención de la explotación sexual comercial: un acercamiento crítico al modelo cíclico de respuestas articuladas como estrategia para garantizar la protección integral de derechos

ResumenEl siguiente artículo busca conceptualizar inicialmente el fenómeno de la explotación sexual comercial con el objetivo de vislumbrar los principales enfoques que predominan en su abordaje. Asimismo, caracteriza y analiza desde una postura género sensitiva, el modelo cíclico de respuestas articuladas, gestado e implementado en Costa Rica como una estrategia eficaz en la protección integral de las personas menores de edad víctimas de explotación comercial. Dicho análisis, se enfoca en la experiencia teórica y práctica de la Escuela de Psicología de la Universidad de Costa Rica, al ser la instancia costarricense que posee mayor experticia enel uso del modelo. Producto de la investigación realizada, se concluye que en la actualidad se presenta una yuxtaposición de enfoques en la atención de la explotación sexual comercial; asimismo, se vislumbra la necesidad de crear e implementar formas de abordaje que impacten directamente en la proclividad y en la demanda del comercio sexual con personas menores de 18 años. Por último, se destaca la eficacia del modelo cíclico de respuestas articuladas enel abordaje de este fenómeno, al instituirse en una modalidad de atención congruente con la complejidad de factores implicados en dicha problemática.Palabras clave: modelos de intervención, explotación sexual comercial, género, derechos humanos. AbstractThe present article is an attempt to conceptualize the commercial sexual exploitation phenomenon in order to glimpse the main approaches related to its study. Moreover, it characterizes and analyzesfrom a gender-sensitive posture the cyclic model of articulated responses, gestated and implemented in Costa Rica as an effective strategy in the integral protection of child victims of commercial sexual exploitation. This analysis focuses on theoretical and practical experience from the University of Costa Rica’s School of Psychology, being the instance in this country with the most expertise in the application of this model. As a result of the research conducted, it is concluded that there is a juxtaposition of approaches in the attention of commercial sexual exploitation; in addition, the need of creating and implementing approaching methods that directly impact the tendency and demand ofcommercial sexual exploitation of children is noted. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cyclic model of articulated responses in the treatment of this phenomenon is emphasized, being an approach notably congruent with the complexity of factors implicated in this problem. Keywords: intervention models, commercial sexual exploitation, gender, human rights.  

Análisis de la incidencia de la ACDI y de la red ECPAT internacional sobre la erradicación de la explotación sexual infantil en niños, niñas y adolescentes en el contexto del turismo, proyecto “La Muralla soy yo” (2009-2011), Cartagena de indias

La Explotación Comercial sexual de los niños, niñas y adolescentes – ESCNNA ha ocasionado graves repercusiones en la sociedad, sometiendo a los menores a situaciones que atentan contra su integridad física y psicológica. Por ello, en el marco internacional y nacional se han adelantado diferentes iniciativas para erradicar dicho fenómeno. La Cooperación Internacional para el desarrollo- CI ha sido una valiosa herramienta en el tratamiento del flagelo dados los diferentes canales de ayuda los cuales han contribuido para su intervención. En este sentido, la CI por medio de la Agencia Canadiense para el desarrollo internacional- ACDI y la Fundación Renacer- ECPAT Internacional (End Child Prostitution, Pornography & Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes) hicieron posible junto con otros actores el proyecto de CI en Cartagena llamado: “La Muralla soy yo”, el cual buscó la prevención y futura erradicación de la Explotación Sexual de niños y adolescentes en el turismo- ESNAT en la ciudad. En el presente estudio de caso se pretende identificar cómo la CI incide por medio de la ACDI y la red ECPAT Internacional en instituciones locales de Cartagena para la prevención y posible erradicación del problema de la Explotación comercial sexual infantil en niños, niñas y adolescentes, en el contexto del turismo.

Violência sexual intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes: o estado da arte em periódicos em psicologia

Intrafamily sexual violence against children and adolescents is a highly complex and serious issue in terms of the damage caused to this population. However, despite the relevance of this discussion, the matter only began to be addressed in the second half of the twentieth century, with its inclusion in academic research from the perspective of damage caused to the victims. Debate on intrafamily sexual violence against children and adolescents has intensified in recent decades, particularly with the enactment of the Statute on Children and Adolescents (Federal Law 8069/90), which recognizes children and adolescents as rights holders. Open discussion on the issue meant several fields of knowledge began to study the topic. Particularly prominent among these areas is the field of Psychology, promoting theoretical discussions and practical interventions focusing on this type of violence. Given the theoretical and methodological diversity of psychological science and the many possibilities for the production of knowledge, this study aims to map and debate research conducted in the field that discusses intrafamily sexual violence against children and adolescents in Brazil. To that end, articles published in Psychology journals were analyzed. In order to achieve this objective, a search was conducted of Scielo Brasil using descriptors on the subject, chosen from a list reported by Faleiros (2000). The time frame studied was between 1990 and 2013, therefore included the date of the enactment of the Statute of Children and Adolescents. Qualitative analysis was selected as a data analysis technique around two main themes. The first involved analyzing the concept of intrafamily sexual violence based on its components. The second analytical theme addressed the theoretical and methodological strategies used by the authors. The aim was to identify and discuss the approaches chosen to achieve the proposed objectives as well as the justifications provided by the authors for their research. Analyses of these themes were based on theoretical discussions on intrafamily sexual violence against children and adolescents. Difficulties were identified in conceptualizing intrafamily sexual violence so as to include all its elements and differentiate it from sexual exploitation. The studies assessed showed substantial diversity in both the theoretical and methodological approaches used, contributing to understanding the phenomenon. It is expected that this study will contribute to reflection on intrafamily sexual violence against children and adolescents, promoting new studies and/or practical interventions

Violência Sexual Infanto-Juvenil em Natal: uma avaliação do Programa Sentinela

Analyze the problem of sexual violence suffered by children and adolescents in the city of Natal / Rio Grande do Norte (RN), attended by the Programa Sentinela, a service aimed at combating sexual violence children and teenagers who serves on the council of Natal. Thus aims to review the implementation of the Programa Sentinela in Natal / RN, in the period 2001 to 2006, verifying that the program has contributed to the access of children and adolescents who are victims of abuse and sexual exploitation to fundamental rights under the Statute Children and adolescents (ECA) and the Local Plan and the National gainst Infanto-Youth Sexual Violence. It has a theoretical and methodological approach quantitative and qualitative, covering the issue of sexual violence against children and adolescents, as one of the expressions of economic relationships, gender, race and culture that make up the material and symbolic structure of society. It methodological procedure: review of literature on the subject and conducting interviews with professionals and families of children and adolescent victims of sexual violence. Investigate as the unit of analysis the Sentinel Program. The analysis on the governmental actions of this period on this social problem points to the continuity and little change in the care of victims of sexual violence: despite maintain features and palliative assistencialistas, favoring the "Network of Sexual Tourism", go through some innovations in terms of securing rights from the ECA, which is the need for transparency and democratization in the management of government policies. In research undertaken, Brazil will only be combating this type of crime when each of the social actors are actually doing their share, down taboos, facing corruption and strengthening a system of guarantee of rights, which target children and adolescents are unprotected, and often ignored by Brazilian society

Concepções de licenciandos sobre violência sexual e políticas educacionais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)