Longitudinal Evidence on Educational and Occupational Outcomes Amongst South Sudanese Men from Refugee Backgrounds Living in Urban and Regional Southeast Queensland

Australia has continued to benefit from the human, social and economic capital contributed by immigrant resettlement over many years. Humanitarian entrants have also made significant economic, social and civic contributions to the Australian society. Since 2000, approximately 160,000 people have entered Australia under the refugee and humanitarian resettlement program; around 15% have come from South Sudan and one third of these are adult males. In response to the 2003 evaluation of the Integrated Humanitarian Settlement Strategy (IHSS), which recommended to seek further opportunities to settle humanitarian entrants in regional Australia, the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC) has since encouraged regional settlement to “address the demand for less skilled labour in regional economies and to assist humanitarian entrants to achieve early employment”. There is evidence, however, of the many challenges faced by humanitarian arrivals living in regional areas. This chapter focuses on the educational and occupational outcomes among 117 South Sudanese adult men from refugee backgrounds. In particular, the chapter uses both cross-sectional (at first interview) and longitudinal data (four interviews with each participant at six-month intervals) to compares outcomes between men living in Brisbane and those living in the Toowoomba–Gatton region in Southeast Queensland.

Developing creative services industries in Hangzhou, China

Creativity is changing the People’s Republic of China according to Li Wuwei (2011), a leading Chinese economist and policy advisor. The nation is learning to embrace a “third industrial revolution” (Rifkin, 2011) while banking the economic capital of the carbon-dependent manufacturing economy. Urbanisation is also driving change and consumer culture (Gerth, 2010). Most of China’s high-value creative service industries are found in the large urban centres of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen in the coastal provinces. China’s second-tier cities, including Hangzhou in Zhejiang province, are also seeking to make capital out of culture, albeit with different strategies than the coastal hubs. The Hangzhou metropolitan area is the fourth largest in China, with 8.8 million residents. Zhejiang province was once known as the “land of rice and fish.” However, with the increased emphasis on productivity in China’s economic reforms since 1978, the province became an economic heavyweight, characterised by small and medium-sized enterprises often working together to produce complementary products...

The favelas through the lenses of photographers: Photojournalism from community and mainstream media organisations

Photographers from community and mainstream media organisations bring the everyday of favela communities to the attention of Rio de Janeiro’s society from different perspectives. While mainstream photojournalists mainly report on favelas from outside to inside, denouncing wrongdoings and human rights abuses, community photographers do it from the opposite direction, from inside to outside, presenting images of the everyday life of favela communities. This paper takes an ethnographic and discursive approach to comparing these two categories of photographers to ask how their different practices can yield benefits for the people living in marginalised communities. Furthermore, by adapting Foucault and Bourdieu’s theories, this study examines photographers’ habitus so as to determine how cultural capital and economic capital that they possess shape their subjectivity and, as such, the fields of community and mainstream photojournalism. This study has no intention of creating polarised distinctions between community and mainstream photojournalism. Instead, the research aims, through the investigation of the working practices, identities, and discourses of photographers from community and mainstream media organisations, to identify the activities and limitations of both community and mainstream in order to build an understanding about how the media ecology works best within both.

Makt, konst, elit - konstfältets positioner, relationer och resurser i 1940- och 1950-talens Helsingfors

The dissertation examines the power mechanisms and institutional power hierarchies of the 1940s-1950s era arts elite in Helsinki and their influence on issues of taste in the visual arts. For the purposes of this study, the elite is understood to consist mainly of the board members of the principal elected bodies in the field of the arts. The theoretical framework employed is based on Pierre Bourdieu s field theory and the network perspective. The author has examined what the key, pervasive valuations were that governed the exercising of power by the arts elite in issues of taste, involving determination of who was an acknowledged artist and what was good art. The dissertation demonstrates that this exercising of power was governed by certain collective practices which maintained the illusion that the exercising of power was democratic and based on artistic quality. These practices were the corporate system, using artistic arguments in issues of taste, and using networks in the exercising of power. The struggle in the field of the arts was about who ultimately was entitled to define the value of contemporary art; the issue did not arise regarding historical art. Artists managed to gain a leading position as gatekeepers in issues regarding contemporary art. The author discusses a number of conflicts in the field of the arts that highlight the institutional hierarchies and the capital held by the various players. The structural changes that occurred in administration in the field of cultural production in the 1950s led to the separation of bureaucratic competence on the one hand and aesthetic competence on the other. There was a hierarchy in the field of the arts between institutions, between instruments of legitimisation, and between the symbolic and social capital of players in the field. The hierarchy in the arts ultimately depended on how well the elite could influence tastes through the instruments at their disposal. The various instruments of legitimisation grants, purchases, etc. were ranked differently in the evaluation of acknowledged artists and good art. The dissertation discusses what values, in the form of types of symbolic capital, the arts elite embraced and what role these played in the elite s exercising of power, with particular focus on gender, language, region and economic capital. The aesthetic capital of an artist was of only minor importance in the exercising of power by the arts elite. The dissertation further discusses the points of contact between the arts elite and players in other fields, such as the economic, media and consumer fields. When the arts elite, through the Academy of Fine Arts, became an active player in the art market, this led to a hierarchy where the division between acknowledged and not-acknowledged galleries became sharper.

The scientific legacy of the "Instituto Eduardo Torroja" in Bilbao (1960-1980)

By means of this analysis, we have endeavored to evaluate and understand both the influence that the IETcc started to bear on scientific progress in Bilbao, mainly during the 1960s and the 1970s, as well as the determined efforts of the local financial and industrial elite of the time to transform Bilbao into the great metropolis of the north, i.e. the economic capital of that part of Spain, using as a model, among other metropolises, New York, the financial capital of America, and Pittsburg, the industrial capital. The various means to accomplish this have been studied: from the institutions of investigation, exposition and information which would initiate the longed for scientific progress, to the pathways for reproducing the fascinating American way.

‘Racialised’ pedagogic practices influencing young Muslims' physical culture

Background: There is growing concern surrounding the ‘racialised’ body and the way young people develop dispositions towards physical activity (PA) and sports, and more broadly to physical culture. This paper draws on Bourdieu's social theory in an effort to explore the ways in which the intersectionality of various fields (family, religion and school) and their dimensions (culture and social class) influence young Muslims' physical culture. Purpose: More specifically the paper examines the ‘racialised’ pedagogic practices in various fields that influence young Muslims' dispositions to physical culture. Method: The study reports on the voices of 40 participants identifying as young Muslims (12–15 years old; 20 girls and 20 boys) from one secondary school in the South of England, UK. A case study approach was used to explore participants’ understanding, meaning, structural conditions and personal agency with regard to physical culture and ‘racialised’ body pedagogies. Data include semi-structured paired interviews with participants. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. More specifically, thematic analysis based on the notion of ‘fields' informed deductive and inductive procedures. Findings: Results suggested that religion had limited influence on the participants' agency when intersecting with schooling and social class with regard to embodiment of active physical culture. Economic capital, on the other hand, had a considerable influence on participants’ physical culture as it contributed to young people's access to PA opportunities, agency and body pedagogies. In addition, the study concludes that fields outside the school play a significant role in influencing and enabling young Muslims’ physical culture. Conclusions: One of the most significant implications of this study is emphasising that young Muslims should not be viewed as a homogenous group as various fields intersect to influence their participation in physical education and their embodiment of physical culture. Identified fields and their markers make dispositions unique, dependent upon characteristics and their relative influence.

Survivre à la violence organisée : parcours et témoignage de deux femmes rwandaises

Ce mémoire de maîtrise porte sur la survivance des femmes en contexte de violence organisée. Notre recherche s’appuie sur le témoignage de deux femmes rwandaises réfugiées au Canada dont le récit sera exploré afin de comprendre leurs points de vue sur trois dimensions de la survivance : la victimisation et la revictimisation qu’elles ont subi, les actes qu’elles ont pu poser pour survivre et le sens qu’elles ont donné aux situations vécues. D’abord, ces femmes rapportent qu’au-delà du génocide de 1994, elles ont vécu dans un climat d’insécurité, d’incertitude et d’impunité durant la guerre au Rwanda (1990-1994) et en exil, durant la guerre qui a visé le renversement de Mobutu, le massacre des ressortissants rwandais et le pillage des ressources naturelles par l’AFDL. Leurs récits confirment donc la continuité de la violence organisée d’un régime politique à un autre. De plus, les femmes témoignent de la non-reconnaissance de leur statut de réfugié par les bureaux qui traitent outre-mer les demandes d’asile, du traitement déshumanisant et accusateur des administrateurs de l’aide humanitaire et, de manière plus importante, de la non-reconnaissance des crimes commis par les forces armées du gouvernement actuellement au pouvoir au Rwanda et de leur impunité. Ensuite, les témoignages recueillis montrent des actrices sociales engagées dans l’activisme politique, l’action collective, la protection, la sécurité, la survie et l’établissement de leurs proches, du début du conflit jusqu’à leur arrivée au Canada. En effet, pour surmonter les difficultés engendrées par la violence organisée, elles ont mobilisé et transformé de manière créative toutes les ressources de leur capital humain, social et économique pour subvenir aux besoins de leurs proches et de leur communauté, et ce, tout au long de leur parcours migratoire. Enfin, au sujet du sens, nous verrons d’une part comment les femmes conçoivent leurs expériences individuelles de souffrances comme une histoire de victimisation collective, ce qui semble les aider à normaliser leurs expériences. D’autre part, nous verrons comment une identité de femmes fortes, résilientes et capables de s’adapter dans un climat d’adversité se dégage de leur témoignage, ce qui semble favoriser chez elles un sentiment de cohérence, de continuité et nourrir une certaine fierté.

La relation entre qualité de vie et santé : une question épistémologique.

Le lien entre qualité de vie et santé est complexe et représente un concept parapluie dont la définition est influencée par des éléments symboliques. Sur ce plan, si le statut socioéconomique sert de référence à un modèle de qualité de vie c’est parce que les paramètres et les critères de satisfaction de la vie sont souvent définis à partir des valeurs matérielles d’une culture située dans un contexte géopolitique et économique particulier. Dans cette recherche les données du terrain rural et les habitudes de vie des familles et de leur communauté sont mises en lien avec l’environnement et servent d’indicateurs s’opposant à certains résultats des statistiques épidémiologiques sur la santé. Ainsi, afin d’accéder à une analyse des fondements théoriques des liens entre une vie de qualité et la santé, les données empiriques récoltées dans le cadre d’une enquête heuristique ont été alliées aux concepts de satisfaction des besoins fondamentaux dans leurs rapports avec le milieu écologique et le contexte créé par l’actualisation des capitaux sociaux, culturels et économiques. Cette perspective d’analyse permit donc de brosser un tableau plus large et nuancé sur des déterminants de la santé jusqu’ici demeurés silencieux au sein des enquêtes épidémiologiques.

Le développement des biotechnologies cubaines de la Révolution de 1959 jusqu'au milieu des années 2000

Depuis les années quatre-vingt-dix Cuba développe et commercialise des vaccins et méthodes en biotechnologies médicales dont certains sont des premières mondiales. L'île est alors encore considérée comme un pays en voie de développement et est la cible d’un embargo imposé par les États-Unis depuis plus de trente ans. Or les biotechnologies sont une science aussi coûteuse en matériel qu'en ressources humaines très spécialisées et elles sont de ce fait réservées aux pays de la sphère scientifique centrale. Ces réussites suggèrent la mise en place d'un potentiel scientifique et technique réel autant qu'elles peuvent constituer un artéfact dans un secteur moins développé ou moins pérenne qu'il n'y paraît. Quel est le vrai visage des biotechnologies cubaines au milieu des années deux-mille ? C'est à cette question que tente de répondre cette étude. Elle consiste dans un premier temps à retracer les paramètres du développement des institutions de recherche en biotechnologies dans un contexte qui connaît peu de répit depuis l'avènement de la Révolution : indicateurs socio-économiques bas, embargo, planification socialiste, isolement géopolitique, crises économiques mondiales, dissolution du bloc soviétique... Elle se poursuit avec une analyse bibliométrique permettant de donner un visage quantitatif des réalisations cubaines dans le domaine : au-delà des réalisations mises de l'avant, dans quelles revues et dans quels domaines les chercheurs cubains en biotechnologie publient-ils ? Avec quels pays collaborent-ils et par quels pays sont-ils cités ? Quelle est leur place dans le monde ? Nous exploiterons l'ensemble de ces indicateurs et de ces éléments historiques pour conclure, au tournant des années deux-mille, à l'existence d'un potentiel scientifique et technique développé mais d'une science aux ressources maigres constamment tenue de rapporter un certain capital économique aussi bien que politique. En cohérence avec la dialectique socialiste propre à l'île, les sciences cubaines, depuis 1959, ne constituent jamais une fin en soi mais restent un moyen politique et social. En 2006 elles le sont encore. Malgré leurs réalisations elles touchent aux limites de la planification et réclament leur indépendance face au politique afin d'exploiter pleinement leur potentiel, bien réel.

Effet de la classe ou expériences scolaires? : étude sur l'élaboration et la variation des aspirations scolaires réalistes des étudiant(e)s canadien(ne)s au regard des études universitaires

Cette thèse a été réalisée, entre autres, grâce à une subvention reçue du Fonds de recherche du Québec – Société et culture et de son partenaire le ministère de l’Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport (MELS) Les analyses contenues dans cette thèse ont été réalisées au Centre interuniversitaire québécois de statistiques sociales (CIQSS), membre du Réseau canadien des centres de données de recherche (RCCDR). Les activités du CIQSS sont rendues possibles grâce à l’appui financier du CRSHC, des IRSC, de la FCI, de Statistique Canada, du FRQSC ainsi que de l’ensemble des universités québécoises qui participent à leur financement. Les idées exprimées dans ce texte sont celles des auteurs et non celles des partenaires financiers.

Geographic distribution of plant pathogens in response to climate change

Geographic distributions of pathogens are the outcome of dynamic processes involving host availability, susceptibility and abundance, suitability of climate conditions, and historical contingency including evolutionary change. Distributions have changed fast and are changing fast in response to many factors, including climatic change. The response time of arable agriculture is intrinsically fast, but perennial crops and especially forests are unlikely to adapt easily. Predictions of many of the variables needed to predict changes in pathogen range are still rather uncertain, and their effects will be profoundly modified by changes elsewhere in the agricultural system, including both economic changes affecting growing systems and hosts and evolutionary changes in pathogens and hosts. Tools to predict changes based on environmental correlations depend on good primary data, which is often absent, and need to be checked against the historical record, which remains very poor for almost all pathogens. We argue that at present the uncertainty in predictions of change is so great that the important adaptive response is to monitor changes and to retain the capacity to innovate, both by access to economic capital with reasonably long-term rates of return and by retaining wide scientific expertise, including currently less fashionable specialisms.

Uma Análise Comparativa entre Capitais Econômico e Regulamentar com Enfoque em Risco de Mercado

Neste trabalho, analisamos a metodologia de cálculo do capital exigido aos bancos brasileiros pelo Banco Central do Brasil, segundo as regras de Basiléia II. O objetivo foi comparar capital regulamentar com capital econômico, medido por modelos de Value at Risk (VaR). Apresentamos exemplos de aplicação destes conceitos em carteiras normalmente negociadas por bancos brasileiros, mostrando a relação entre capital regulamentar e econômico para diversos mercados e estratégias. Tendo em vista as análises realizadas, realçamos os pontos de maior divergência entre os dois tipos de capital. Concluímos enfatizando a importância da revisão de alguns aspectos das regras de Basiléia II no sentido de promover maior convergência entre capital econômico e regulamentar.

O mercado fonográfico no Brasil: alterações nas relações de poder a partir do desenvolvimento tecnológico e da pirataria virtual

The phonographic market has experienced a period of significant change caused by technological evolution. This phenomenon of global proportions has been the subject of considerable debate in the media and in academia. The entry of new actors, as well as piracy and new forms of commercialization of musical products, has significantly altered the relationships of power existing in this field. Therefore, the scope of this article is to analyze the phonographic industry in Brazil as an arena of forces and power struggles, based on notions of the field of cultural production, from the perspective of Bourdieu. This study constitutes a qualitative research and data was analyzed using a descriptiveinterpretative approach. In the case of the sector under scrutiny, and on the basis of the theoretical reference material, it would appear to be correct to affirm that economic capital is what is being sought on the part of the actors who comprise the field. Nevertheless, it is important to stress that the critical incidents that brought about the changes in the structure of the field over the course of time were predominantly of a technological nature. The field of the Brazilian phonographic market is currently experiencing a period of structural alteration that was especially affected by the development of MP3 technology and the emergence of virtual piracy. The fact is that formerly the major recording companies dominated the market and had the necessary resources of power to exercise their role as dominant actors and maintain this position. However, the aforementioned factors favored the entry of new actors in the field and the empowerment of those that prior to this time did not have the resources to compete against this domination.

Administração ativa de portfólio de crédito: uma revisão dos principais conceitos para uma implementação efetiva em bancos comerciais

Trata dos principais aspectos da administração ativa de portfólio de crédito a pessoa jurídica por bancos comerciais, que vem tomando o lugar do modo tradicional de administrar crédito. Inicialmente, apresenta a definição de administração ativa de portfólio de crédito, compara com a abordagem tradicional e aponta as motivações para o surgimento desta nova abordagem. Segue demonstrando as adaptações dos conceitos da Teoria Moderna de Portfólios aos portfólios de crédito e apresenta alguns modelos para a determinação de variáveis importantes para a mensuração do risco de crédito, tais como probabilidades de inadimplência, correlações entre ativos de crédito e risco de crédito de portfólio. Apresenta, ainda, o conceito de capital econômico e o Risk-Adjusted Return on Capital (RAROC) relativamente ao risco de crédito. Discute as responsabilidades e funções a serem desempenhadas pela administração ativa de portfólio de crédito e, como contribuição, apresenta, à luz das considerações deste trabalho, uma estrutura hipotética de um banco comercial que adota a administração ativa de portfólio de crédito.

Implications of innovation for inclusive growth: a study of Medellín, Colombia's metro system and integral urban projects

Medellín, Colombia continues to attract global recognition for its evolution from a crimesaturated and desegregated city to an award-winning paragon of innovation. Two innovations in particular, the Metro System & the Integral Urban Projects, have fostered and contributed to Medellín’s inclusive growth, as indicated by a corresponding increase in both social and economic capital. Through a mixed methodology analysis of these two experiences, including participant observation, in-depth interviews with different industry leaders, and household surveys, this thesis explores the extent to which inclusive innovation has contributed to inclusive growth in Medellín. The surveys were distributed to three sensitive neighborhoods of Medellín and apply a Synthesized Framework for measuring inclusive growth, one that includes five indicators for social capital and five indicators for economic capital, emphasizing the importance of progression in both dimensions. By drawing on concepts of inclusivity surfacing more frequently in business lexicon and the emergence of a newly branded Medellín, the findings of this thesis indicates that the implementation of innovations in association with a unified city vision practiced by the local government, corporate and non-profit sector has contributed to achieving inclusive growth, and has left civilians hungry for more.