Contenta Guilhelmus Parisiensis De claustro anime ; Hugonis de Sancto Victore De claustro anime libri quatuor.

CCBE S. XVI,

Combination of product quality management and exports: The case of Colombian fruits companies

Quality management provides to companies a framework to improve quality in overall systems, reduction of costs, reallocation of resources efficiently, correct planning of strategies, prevent or correct errors in the right time and increase the performance of companies. In this text, we discuss the different theories in this field, their obligatory or non-obligatory compliance, the importance of quality management for exporting companies and a case study of a Colombian firm that its main objective is to manage quality. In conclusion, we find out that there is different types of quality management systems such as Juran’s trilogy, Deming 14 points, Six sigma, HACCP, and so on; also that companies have to manage suppliers and that quality has a positive influence on exports volume; in the case of Colombian small and medium enterprises, it can be mentioned that the majority has implemented tools regarding quality management but is not enough.

Inimigos naturais da parte aérea da cultura de milho tratada com EM (Eficient Microorganisms), na região de Guaíra-SP.

As pragas da parte aérea da cultura de milho na regiao de Guaira-SP sao atacadas pelos inimigos naturais Doru luteipes Cycloneda sanguinea, Chrysoperla externa, Callida sp., Zelus sp., Geocoris sp., varias especies de aranhas e parasitoides. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do EM (efficient microorganisms) sobre a fauna benéfica dessa cultura. Foram avaliados 5 campos sendo 3 deles conduzidos pelo sistema de plantio convencional e 2 deles sob sistema de plantio direto. Cada campo foi divido em 4 faixas (parcelas), sendo 2 delas tratadas com EM e duas sem aplicação do produto, que serviram de testemunhas. No campo 1 foram feitas 3 avaliações, nos estágios de 4-6 folhas, 8-10 folhas de espigamento, tendo sido constatado no tratamento PCEM (plantio convencional com EM), 7,56%, 43,99% e 32,83% de inimigos naturais; no tratamento PC (testemunha) foram encontrados 14,22%, 52,07% e 28,19%, respectivamente. No campo 2 foram feitas 2 avaliações nos estágios de 12-14 folhas e no de espigamento, tendo sido obtidos no tratamento PCEM, 21,90% e 31,79%; em PC, 19,53% e 25,53%. No campo 3 foram feitas 2 avaliações, ambas no estagio de espigamento, tendo sido encontrados em PCEM 18,81% e 13,78; em PC, 26,28% e 16,71%. No campo 4 , sob plantio direto, foram feitas 3 avaliações nos estágios de 6-8 folhas, e 2 avaliações no estagio espigamento, tendo sido obtidos em PDEM 13,71%,31,44% e 18,00%; em PD, 11,41%, 28,15% e 18,74%. No campo 5 teve 2 avaliações, nos estágios de 8-10 folhas e no de espigamento, obtendo-se em PDEM 17,22% e 30,96%; em PD, 20,24% e 30,38. A medida que a cultura envelhece, em ambos os sistemas de condução da cultura as parcelas tratadas com EM tendem a apresentar maior proporção de inimigos naturais.

Serologies use in the identification of insects predators prey.

This study aimed to produce antiserum for the main pests found in maize, Spodoptera frugiperda, Helicoverpa zea and armigera, Rhopalosiphum maidis, and uses it to determine their predators. Pest samples were macerated in 0.85% saline solution. The macerated were centrifuged and the supernatants were used as immunizing antigens to obtain the antiserum. For this purpose, a rabbit was immunized with 3.0 ml of the immunizing antigen on the lymph node region. Homologous serological tests were performed by double diffusion in agar. The homologous serological reactions were positive after seven days of antigen inoculation. The technique has sensitivity to detect predation of the pests studied. The tests were positive for a prey in the digestive tract of the predator to 96 hours of ingestion. Regarding the number of prey ingested there was no difference in the lines. It is concluded that after a single injection of antigen in rabbit lymph node region, it was possible to get an antiserum specific for pests of corn. Field tests showed that there was a certain food preference of Doru luteipes by S. frugiperda, Chrysoperla externa by aphid.

Diversidade da entomofauna em milho consorciado com sorgo e crotalária em diferentes arranjos.

2016