Growth, mortality, and hatchdate distributions of larval and juvenile spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) in Florida Bay, Everglades National Park

Life history aspects of larval and, mainly, juvenile spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) were studied in Florida Bay, Everglades National Park, Florida. Collections were made in 1994−97, although the majority of juveniles were collected in 1995. The main objective was to obtain life history data to eventually develop a spatially explicit model and provide baseline data to understand how Everglades restoration plans (i.e. increased freshwater flows) could influence spotted seatrout vital rates. Growth of larvae and juveniles (<80 mm SL) was best described by the equation loge standard length = –1.31 + 1.2162 (loge age). Growth in length of juveniles (12–80 mm SL) was best described by the equation standard length = –7.50 + 0.8417 (age). Growth in wet weight of juveniles (15–69 mm SL) was best described by the equation loge wet-weight = –4.44 + 0.0748 (age). There were no significant differences in juvenile growth in length of spotted seatrout in 1995 between three geographical subdivisions of Florida Bay: central, western, and waters adjacent to the Gulf of Mexico. We found a significant difference in wet-weight for one of six cohorts categorized by month of hatchdate in 1995, and a significant difference in length for another cohort. Juveniles (i.e. survivors) used to calculate weekly hatchdate distributions during 1995 had estimated spawning times that were cyclical and protracted, and there was no correlation between spawning and moon phase. Temperature influenced otolith increment widths during certain growth periods in 1995. There was no evidence of a relationship between otolith growth rate and temperature for the first 21 increments. For increments 22–60, otolith growth rates decreased with increasing age and the extent of the decrease depended strongly in a quadratic fashion on the temperature to which the fish was exposed. For temperatures at the lower and higher range, increment growth rates were highest. We suggest that this quadratic relationship might be influenced by an environmental factor other than temperature. There was insufficient information to obtain reliable inferences on the relationship of increment growth rate to salinity.

Reproductive dynamics of female spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) in South Carolina

We describe reproductive dynamics of female spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) in South Carolina (SC). Batch fecundity (BF), spawning frequency (SF), relative fecundity (RF), and annual fecundity (AF) for age classes 1−3 were estimated during the spawning seasons of 1998, 1999, and 2000. Based on histological evidence, spawning of spotted seatrout in SC was determined to take place from late April through early September. Size at first maturity was 248 mm total length (TL); 50% and 100% maturity occurred at 268 mm and 301 mm TL, respectively. Batch fecundity estimates from counts of oocytes in final maturation varied significantly among year classes. One-year-old spotted seatrout spawned an average of 145,452 oocytes per batch, whereas fish aged 2 and 3 had a mean BF of 291,123 and 529,976 oocytes, respectively. We determined monthly SF from the inverse of the proportion of ovaries with postovulatory follicles (POF) less than 24 hours old among mature and developing females. Overall, spotted seatrout spawned every 4.4 days, an average of 28 times during the season. A chronology of POF atresia for water temperature >25°C is presented. Length, weight (ovary-free), and age explained 67%, 65%, and 58% of the variability in BF, respectively. Neither RF (number of oocytes/g ovary-free weight) nor oocyte diameter varied significantly with age. However, RF was significantly greater and oocyte diameter was smaller at the end of the spawning season. Annual fecundity estimates were approximately 3.2, 9.5, and 17.6 million oocytes for each age class, respectively. Spotted seatrout ages 1−3 contributed an average of 29%, 39%, and 21% to the overall reproductive effort according to the relative abundance of each age class. Ages 4 and 5 contributed 7% and 4%, respectively, according to predicted AF values.

Larval abundance, distribution, and spawning habits of spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) in Florida Bay, Everglades National Park, Florida

The spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) is one of the most sought after recreational fish in Florida Bay, and it spends its entire life history within the bay (Rutherford et al.,1989b). The biology of adult spotted seatrout in Florida Bay is well known (Rutherford et al., 1982, 1989b) as is the distribution and abundance of juveniles within the bay. The habitats and diets of juveniles are well documented (Hettler, 1989; Chester and Thayer, 1990; Thayer et al., 1999; Florida Department of Environmental Protection1). Nevertheless, the spatial and temporal spawning habits of spotted seatrout and the distribution of larvae have only been partially described (Powell et al., 1989; Rutherford et al., 1989a).

Edad y crecimiento de una especie de Cachema Cynoscion analis de la zona frente a Paita

La edad y el crecimiento de Cynoscion analis son determinados mediante él análisis de otolitos (sagitae) colectados durante marzo de 1964 marzo 1965 y febrero 1972 febrero 1973, por personal del IMARPE en el laboratorio costero de Paita, Perú. Se comparan resultados para ambos años y se discute el efecto del fenómeno de El Niño 1972 en la forma­ción de las zonas de crecimiento. Los parámetros de creci­miento obtenidos para las muestras 1964-65 son K = 0.267 y L• = 43.1 cms y para las muestras 1972-73 K = 0.252 y L• = 44.0 cms. Se discuten las diferencias encontradas entre los parámetros de crecimiento estimados en este estudio y por otros autores.

Contribución a la identificación de dos especies de Cachema, Cynoscion analis y Cynoscion altipinnis (Pisces: Scianidae) de la costa norte del Perú

Caracteres merísticos y morfométricos de Cynoscion analis y altipinnis de la zona norte del Perú (03°52'-06°53') son analizados con el fin de contribuir en la identificación estas especies comunmente llamadas "cachemas". Los caracteres merísticos como el número de radios de la aleta anal y dorsal , utilizados por otros autores para la distinción entre las mencionadas especies, podrían causar algunos errores ya que ofrecen rangos que se superponen. Se recomienda utilizar la morfología de los otolitos (sagitae) y se sugiere tomar un nuevo carácter externo como util en la separación de estas especies muy parecidas.

Análisis biológico-pesquero y poblacional de la Cachema (Cynoscion analis) del área de Paita, Perú

Analiza el estudio desarrollado entre los años 1972 y 1973. Mediante un muestre de cachema en sus periodos de desove, factor de condición, composición por tamaños y alimentación como base de una disertación de resultados reportados por otros autores.

Escala de madurez gonadal de cachema Cynoscion analis (Jenyns, 1842)

En este trabajo se realiza la validación de la escala de madurez gonadal macroscópica de cachema Cynoscion analis. Se analizaron 242 muestras de gónadas provenientes del Seguimiento de la Pesquería Artesanal y los Cruceros de Evaluación de Recursos Demersales del 2005. A cada individuo se le asignó un estadio de madurez macroscópica. Posteriormente, se analizó el desarrollo ovocitario y espermatogénico en cortes histológicos de gónadas. Se describieron seis estadios de maduración que van desde el estadio 0 (virginal) hasta el 5 (recuperación en hembras, post expulsante en machos). Se compara la descripción de esta escala con trabajos anteriormente realizados.

Helmintos parasitos de la Curvina Sciaenops ocellate (Linneo), Trucha pinta Cynoscion nebulosus (Curier) y Trucha blanca Cynoscion arenarius (Ginsburg) de la Laguna Madre municipio de San Fernando, Tamaulipas

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Parasitología) UANL

Effect of fasting on carbohydrate metabolism in frugivorous bats (Artibeus lituratus and Artibeus jamaicensis)

The compensatory changes of carbohydrate metabolism induced by fasting were investigated in frugivorous bats, Artibeus lituratus and Artibeus jamaicensis. For this purpose, plasma levels of glucose and lactate, liver and muscle glycogen content, rates of liver gluconeogenesis and the activity of related enzymes were determined in male bats. After a decrease during the first 48 h of fasting, plasma glucose levels remained constant until the end of the experimental period. Plasma lactate levels, extremely high in fed bats, decreased after 48 h of fasting. Similarly, liver glycogen content, markedly high in fed animals, was reduced to low levels after 24 h without food. Muscle glycogen was also reduced in fasted bats. The expected increase in liver gluconeogenesis during fasting was observed after 48 h of fasting. The activities of liver glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase were not affected by food withdrawn. on the other hand, fasting for 24 h induced an increase in the activity of liver cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. The data indicate that liver gluconeogenesis has an important role in the glucose homeostasis in frugivorous bats during prolonged periods of food deprivation. During short periods of fasting liver glycogenolysis seems to be the main responsible for the maintenance of glycemia. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Low levels of genetic diversity depicted from mitochondrial DNA sequences in a heavily exploited marine fish (Cynoscion acoupa, Sciaenidae) from the Northern coast of Brazil

The acoupa weakfish (Cynoscion acoupa - Sciaenidae) is a marine species of croaker with estuarine-dependent behavior, found in the western Atlantic from Panama to Argentina. It is one of the most exploited food fish on the northern coast of Brazil. In this study, DNA sequences were determined from the entire control region (D-loop) of the mitochondrial genome of 297 individuals collected during seven different months between December 2003 and August 2005 on the northern coast of Brazil (Amapá and Pará). Genetic variability expressed by haplotype (h = 0,892) and nucleotide (p = 0,003) diversities were low compared to other heavily exploited marine fish species from the western Atlantic and eastern Asia. AMOVA depicted a lack of genetic structuring among the samples from different years, indicating the presence of a single stock of C. acoupa within the sample area. The possible reasons for the low levels of genetic diversity are discussed. These results demonstrate a need for the monitoring of C. acoupa harvesting and the preservation of the estuaries within its geographic range, considering that this large fish depends on estuarine ecosystems during part of its life cycle.

Sistemas de produção pesqueira da pescada amarela (Cynoscion acoupa Lacèpede, 1802) e serra (Scomberomorus brasiliensis Collette, Russo & Zavalla-Camin, 1978) no litoral nordeste do Estado do Pará

O Estado do Pará, cujo litoral se estende do Cabo do Norte à foz do rio Gurupi, representa o principal pólo pesqueiro da região. Dentre as espécies de importância econômica no estado, destaca-se a pescada amarela Cynoscion acoupa e serra Scomberomorus brasiliensis, capturadas principalmente nos municípios de Augusto Corrêa, Bragança, Curuçá, São Caetano de Odivelas, São João de Pirabas e Vigia. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de descrever estes sistemas pesqueiros segundo as dimensões sociais, tecnológicas, econômicas e ecológicos visando estabelecer linhas de ação que auxiliem na estruturação de um plano de manejo que garanta a sustentabilidade das pescarias. Para descrever os sistemas de pesca, uma lista de 45 atributos, na forma de valores numéricos absolutos ou porcentagens, classificados de acordo com cada dimensão supracitada. Um estudo mais aprofundado (Estudo de Caso) foi efetuado em Bragança, para ambos sistemas. Análise multivariada de agrupamento e ordenação (MDS), comparando os sistemas pesqueiros e considerando os diferentes municípios, foram aplicadas, visando identificar os agrupamentos e as possíveis causas da semelhança entre os sistemas de pesca por município. A análise dos sistemas da pescada amarela e serra juntas, mostraram a formação de dois grupos. Quando analisados por dimensão separadamente, registrou-se similaridade entre ambos os sistemas nas dimensões social e ecológica. Com relação às dimensões tecnológica e econômica notou-se que os municípios de Bragança e Vigia (sistema pescada amarela) destacaram-se, sobretudo pelas embarcações utilizadas, tamanho das redes de pesca, produção por pescaria e lucro líquido obtido nas pescarias. Para a serra registrou-se, entre os municípios do sistema, a predominância de barcos de pequeno porte nas capturas. O estudo de caso em Bragança indicou que apesar da importância do grude (bexiga natatória) na cadeia de comercialização da pescada amarela, com elevado valor de comercialização, a venda da carne constituiu a principal fonte de lucro líquido. O estudo de caso da serra revelou que as suas pescarias em Bragança ocorreram em três áreas distintas: costa do Amapá, costa de Salinas e costa de Bragança. Considerando o exposto, pressupõe-se que um plano de manejo no âmbito social deve prover ações em prol da cidadania, saúde, educação, emprego e capacitação. Numa abordagem ecológica, considerando que ambos os estoques se encontram no limite máximo sustentável, medidas de manejo devem ser implementadas. Finalmente, com relação aos aspectos tecnológicos e econômicos observou-se que as pescarias em Bragança e Vigia foram visualmente “sustentáveis”. Entretanto, os acentuados aumentos nas capturas com evidentes tendências de queda na produção, devem ser observados com cautela no que diz respeito à liberação de novos financiamentos.

Bibliotheca Jamaicensis. Some account of the principal works on Jamaica in the Library of the Institute of Jamaica,

Mode of access: Internet.

Hortus jamaicensis, or, A botanical description, (according to the Linnean system) and an account of the virtues, &c., of its indigenous plants hitherto known, as also of the most useful exotics / compiled from the best authorities, and alphabetically arranged in 2 volumes by John Lunan.

Inlcudes index.