698 resultados para Constituição federal


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The study undertakes the analysis of the constitutional warranty principle of the Absolute Priority of the children and adolescents fundamental rights concerning to the sense, reach, content, addressees and effectiveness. Then, we begin with the study of the Constitution, text where is inserted the principle on examination, opportunity on which it verifies the concept and conceptions of the Constitution, theories, functions, it normative power and the constitutional feeling. Soon after, the fundamental rights theory is analyzed, focusing your origin, importance, functions, protection, restrictions, duties, characteristics and effectiveness. Then, it is led in general to the place of the principles, moment that leans to their concept, evolution, functions, classification and characteristics. Finally, it is appreciated the principle of the Absolute Priority approaching to the meaning and reach, the normative force and importance, historical precedents, materialize rules, addressees and its normative power and enforcement

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This work deals with considerations regarding common types of tax misuse that are present in the 1988 Brazilian Constitution. Thus, the work aims to unveil dogmatic features present in these practices that are considered illegal and are beset with vices such as power misusage. The research also aims to acknowledge the unconstitutionality issues regarding other guidance on behalf of goods that are responsible for the gradual positive approach realized by the 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution. Thus, the work systematically used methodological procedures that aim to interpret the logical premises present as in the structure proposed by incidence rule matrix as in Ihering´s correction criteria considered as effective in itself. This is done also considering themes such as the Brazilian Public Tax legal matters. The work also performs a teleological debate of the Brazilian National Tax System as well as other related themes. It is understood that power misusage or any regards increase in aliquots. This can be observed in the quantitative criteria present in central aspects regarding taxes that are described in the constitutional regime either regulatory or induced nature, such as §1º, of the normative information present in article number 153 which is considered predominantly as tax raising such as pointed out in the 1988 Brazilian Constitution. On the other hand, it is seen that the type of misguidance with goods is understood as a practice that deviates as well as cuts connection with (rectius, unattaches) tax resources that are gathered and destined to specific constitutional purposes. At the end, the work deals with issues that aim to identify possible causes that lead to the use of norms and patterns that regulate such deviations. The research emphasizes ratio issues that are present in tax inspection proposals and invalidation that aim to restore the logical compatibility of these normative actions included in the Constitutional Tax Legal matters that was put forth by the 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution

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It is verified worldwide an increasing concern with the protection of natural resources in the planet, a fact that became relevant in Brazil since the promulgation of the Constitution of 1988, based on the viewpoint of sustainable development, which seeks to promote economic activities in the country according to the need for conservation and preservation of natural resources for the use of present and future generations. In addition, we seek to reduce the differences that occur in our society by determining as a fundamental objective to be persecuted by the Federative Republic of Brazil the reduction of social and regional inequalities. A value that should also be observed in the context of economic activities developed here, since it is a general principle of financial and economic order of the country. Therefore, considering the exhaustion of world s reserves of fossil fuels, as well as the impacts on the environment, especially for the large emission of greenhouse effect gases, the debate about the need to change the global energy matrix increases while alternative energy sources appears as a bet to fulfill the contemporary aspirations for sustainability, and Brazil emerges in a very favorable position, because it has the essential natural conditions to allow this sector s full development. In this perspective, the work has the scope to analyze how the production of alternative energy sources may act in the search for concretization of constitutional values, to promote sustainable development for present and future generations, and to reduce regional and social inequalities in an attempt to improve the quality of life of the population. It will also be observed the current regulatory framework of alternative energy sources in the national laws to verify the existence of legal and institutional security, which is necessary to guarantee the full development of the sector in the country. And to investigate the expected results, it will be observed through the concrete evaluation of specific practices adopted in the industry, analyzing their actual compliance with the constitutional provisions under analysis, based on the examination of the possibility of using renewable biomass sources for biofuel production, promoting development to the country, indicating the opening lines about how this important sector can act to solve the energy challenge today

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In complex federal systems as that found in Brazil, which provides simultaneous attributions to of the Union, States and Cities in many aspects, the definition of performance limits of each of these entities, in procedural or material aspect, generates many (positive and/or negative) competence conflicts, bringing insecurity to general administered. Environmental licensing is one of the most important instruments of environmental management, seeking the realization of the fundamental right to an ecologically balanced and sustainable development. Despite its importance, the environmental licensing has not been more effective due the conflict related to the authority to regulate regardind environmental law. This essay will analyze the structure of competence distribution for conducting the environmental licensing processes, the conflict between laws, the performance of the municipal environmental agencies, the cooperation between the licensing agencies and the future about the additional regulatory law of article 23 of Federal Constitution

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As an effect of the growing interdependence in international relations, regional integration was conceived to face globalization, with a remarkable influence in politics and law, since the first steps of the European experience. In Latin America, regional integration ideas have blossomed in the 60 s. Among its experiences, MERCOSUL is the one with the most advanced objectives. However, MERCOSUL has not managed to achieve the objectives planned nor moved forward the integration process. Differently of what happened in Europe, in MERCOSUL the common market projected is concluded. It faced many disappointments throughout its brief history. As it matters to law, those were caused by the absence of supranationality, a mechanism that would allow MERCOSUL s decisions to be directly binding in the States with no need of bureaucratic proceedings to incorporate them to national legal systems. Among Latin American States, Brazil is probably the most resistant to integration process, due to Federal Constitution 1988 rigidity and legal professionals conservadorism towards opening legal system to international law. In Brazil hermeneutical standards are always based on national sovereignty and international law is referred as less important. The problems become more visible relating to taxation, a subject that plays an enormous role in integration process for its economic impact, demanding the execution of tax harmonization policies compatible to the integration levels aspired. However, because of the large number of tax rules in the Federal Constitution, structural changes initiatives face difficulties in order to be implemented. Actually, after two Constitutional Reforms on taxation, Brazil has not yet succeeded on promoting the necessary adaptations to regional integration. The research has confirmed the hypothesis that supranationality has indispensably to be adopted if Brazil really desires to move forward the integration process. But it has also been demonstrated that there are hermeneutical paths suitable to the constitutional profile which allow the adoption of supranationality, through the revision of the sovereignty traditional concept

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O presente estudo teve como objeto central analisar as políticas públicas exaradas pelo Estado brasileiro, via espécies normativas para a educação superior. Tendo como categorias de análise a autonomia da universidade, e o financiamento da educação superior. A pesquisa parte da premissa de que as políticas públicas têm sido materializadas a partir de normas jurídicas. Assim, investigamos o Estado brasileiro, as políticas públicas por ele emanadas por meio de espécies normativas e suas implicações na educação superior. O estudo foi realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica que consistiu num levantamento minucioso do ordenamento jurídico elaborado pelo Estado brasileiro para a educação superior a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988 até o ano de 2006. Detectamos que após a CF/88, no que concerne à autonomia da universidade e ao financiamento da educação superior, foram aprovadas quarenta e quatro normas jurídicas, sendo duas Emendas Constitucionais, onze Leis, três medidas provisórias, nove Decretos, dentre outras espécies normativas, que contribuíram para alterar de forma profunda o texto constitucional. No desenvolvimento do estudo iniciamos com a discussão sobre o Estado com vistas a estabelecer relações com o direito e as políticas públicas. Em seguida, traçamos uma contextualização histórica de todas as Constituições brasileiras, mas com ênfase no processo de redemocratização iniciado em 1974 e que culminou na CF/88, cuja característica essencial foi sua definição como a Carta Magna mais democrática que se tem nota no Brasil. Dessa carta, analisamos os artigos que inferem sobre a autonomia universitária e o financiamento da educação superior. Com base na discussão sobre o Estado regulador brasileiro e nas indicações fornecidas pela ciência do Direito constitucional, realizamos a análise da legislação pós-constitucional que define as políticas para a educação superior brasileira direcionada ao financiamento desse nível de ensino e à autonomia da universidade. Tendo como referência o texto constitucional, discorremos sobre o instituto jurídico do controle de constitucionalidade. O estudo apontou que grande parte das normas jurídicas infraconstitucionais, que regulamenta a educação superior brasileira, atua contra legem mater, quando, por exemplo, dispõe contra o art. 207 ao interferir sobre a escolha de dirigentes universitários, ferindo a capacidade da universidade se auto-legislar sobre assuntos que lhe são próprios, ou quando desvincula percentuais assegurados para o financiamento da educação superior, no caso da emenda constitucional de revisão n. 1/1994 e Emenda Constitucional n. 10/1996, ferindo princípios constitucionais e reproduzindo interesses do Estado capitalista neoliberal. O estudo apresenta contribuição para o campo das políticas públicas educacionais, vez que possibilita reflexões sobre a forma pela qual o direito público subjetivo à educação, assegurado no texto constitucional, vem sendo negado sistematicamente e de forma sucessiva pelos governos pós CF/88 que adotam o modelo de Estado neoliberal.

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O presente estudo tem como objeto analisar a efetividade do direito à educação na Constituição de 1988. Examina-se o conceito, a natureza, os custos (como a criação de reserva de fundos no FUNDEB e as designações sobre os percentuais a serem usados para a manutenção e desenvolvimento do ensino pelas entidades federativas), o papel do Estado e da sociedade e os princípios constitucionais que regulam a implementação do direito à educação na realidade brasileira. A partir do postulado de que o Estado Social e Democrático de Direito é protetor dos direitos sociais, foi relevante considerar que os argumentos sobre o mínimo existencial e a escassez de recursos devem ser apreciados com o máximo de cuidado. Além disso, são analisadas duas decisões judiciais proferidas em dois casos concretos que foram levados ao Supremo Tribunal Federal, fenômeno denominado por maior parte da doutrina de “judicialização de políticas públicas”, trata-se do caso Santo André/SP e do caso Queimados/RJ. Por fim, as referidas decisões são analisadas conforme os princípios e valores constitucionais tendo sido concluído que as demandas coletivas de satisfação do direito à educação são prioritárias em relação as demandas individuais, embora ambas sejam exigíveis.

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FCLAR

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Inclui notas bibliográficas.

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Conferência proferida no Curso de Aperfeiçoamento em Direito Processual Civil sobre "Meios de impugnação as decisões judiciais", em 25/7/1990, em São Luis, Ma.

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"Artigo produzido com base no trabalho de conclusão do Curso de Especialização em Análise e Controle de Constitucionalidade, promovido pela Unilegis - Universidade do Legislativo em parceria com a Universidade de Brasília - UNB, como requisito para a obtenção do título de Especialista. Orientador: Prof. José Geraldo de Souza".

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"Artigo produzido com base no trabalho de conclusão do Curso de Especialização em Análise e Controle da Constitucionalidade, promovido pela Unilegis - Univrsidade do Legislador em parceria com a Universidade de Brasília - UnB, como requisito para a obtenção do título de Especialista. Orientador: Prof. Marcus Faro de Castro".