Objetiva(ação) da medida e contagem do tempo em práticas socioculturais e educativas

This thesis describes and analyzes various processes established and practiced by both groups about the socio-cultural objective (action) the measurement and timing, mobilized some socio-historical practices as the use of the gnômon of the sundial and reading and interpretation of movements celestial constellations in cultural contexts such as indigenous communities and fishermen in the state of Pará, Brazil. The Purpose of the study was to describe and analyze the mobilization of such practices in the socio-historical development of matrices for teaching concepts and skills related to geometric angles, similar triangles, symmetry and proportionality in the training of mathematics teachers. The record of the entire history of investigation into the socio-historical practice, the formative action was based on epistemological assumptions of education ethnomathematics proposed by Vergani (2000, 2007) and Ubiratan D'Ambrosio (1986, 1993, 1996, 2001, 2004) and Alain Bishop conceptions about mathematics enculturation. At the end of the study I present my views on the practices of contributions called socio-cultural and historical for school mathematics, to give meaning to the concept formation and teaching of students, especially the implications of Education Ethnomatematics proposed by Vergani (2000) for training of future teachers of mathematics

O Programa Pró-Letramento e a formação de alfabetizadores: repercussões nas concepções e práticas de professores cursistas

This paper intents to investigate the repercussions of the Pró-Letramento - Alphabetization and Language Course Program in the practices and conceptions of alphabetization of learning teachers, according to their own perspectives. The program, part of the National Formation Network of the Education Ministry, in partnership with public universities since 2006, is destined to aid the formation of teachers acting in the first three years of public basic education, with the goal of qualifying them to work with alphabetization and improve quality of learning processes and results. This investigation adopted the qualitative research paradigm as well as the Case Study methodology, being our empirical field a Belém do Brejo do Cruz/PB public school. The subjects are five Program graduation female teachers, including the tutor-trainer and four graduated teachers that already teach in the first three years of basic education. The data, gathered with documental analysis, individual and collective semi-structured interview, and non-participant observation, were analyzed according with Speech Analysis principals. Based on those principals, we intersected teachers enunciations, observation sessions registries and the Program s propositions and built interpretations based on theorization taken as fundaments of the investigation, among which we highlight: studies on a criticalreflexive perspective of a teacher s formation; continued formation as a permanent development process; the principals of historical-cultural approach on alphabetization processes and development with the centrality of language; alphabetization in a interactionist approach. The analysis focused on the Program s repercussions: 1) in the teachers conceptions about: 1.1) learning; 1.2) Alphabetization and literacy; and in the practices and conceptions related to: 1.3) alphabetization in a literacy perspective and 1.4) appropriation of the writing system. The corpus analysis evidenced relations of continuity and discontinuity, approach and distancing between the teachers conceptions and the Program s propositions, as well as conceptions/significance of their speeches and related or observed practices. Observing teachers elaborations evidences the repercussion of the Program s formation, whilst also showing gaps and mismatches in their appropriation process in concepts/assumptions as well as teaching propositions. These mismatches involve interaction relationships between teachers and students, with their possibilities and limitations surrounding the Program s knowledge objects complexity, also linking to the social, economical, political, and cultural conditions that involve both the implementation of the Program in each context and the conditions in which alphabetization in public schools are developed, demanding permanent and accompanied formation processes, investments to improve work conditions and valuing teaching

Atividades experimentais no ensino de biologia em escolas públicas do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil: caracterização geral e concepção de professores

Recent research has revealed that the majority of Biology teachers believe the practice of experimental activities as a didactical means would be the solution for the improvement of the Biology teaching-learning process. There are, however, studies which signal the lack of efficiency in such practice lessons as far as building scientific knowledge is concerned. It is also said that despite the enthusiasm on the teachers‟ part, such classes are rarely taught in high school. Several studies point pedagogical difficulties as well as nonexistence of a minimal infrastructure needed in laboratories as cause of low frequency in experimental activities. The poor teacher performance in terms of planning and development of classes; the large number of students per class; lack of financial stimulus for teachers are other reasons to be taken into account among others, in which can also be included difficulties of epistemological nature. That means an unfavorable eye of the teacher towards experimental activities. Our study aimed to clarify if such scenario is generalized in high schools throughout the state of Rio Grande do Norte Brazil. During our investigation a sample of twenty teaching institutions were used. They were divided in two groups: in the first group, five IFRN- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte schools. Two of those in Natal, and the other three from the country side. The second group is represented by fifteen state schools belonging to the Natal metropolitan area. The objectives of the research were to label schools concerning laboratory facilities; to identify difficulties pointed by teachers when performing experiment classes, and to become familiar with the conceptions of the teachers in regarding biology experiment classes. To perform such task, a questionnaire was used as instrument of data collecting. It contained multiple choice, essay questions and a semi-structured interview with the assistance of a voice recorder. The data analysis and the in loco observation allowed the conclusion that the federal schools do present better facilities for the practice of experimental activities when compared to state schools. Another aspect pointed is the fact that teachers of federal schools have more time available for planning the experiments; they are also better paid and are given access a career development, which leads to better salaries. All those advantages however, do not show a significantly higher frequency regarding the development of experiments when compared to state school teachers. Both teachers of federal and state schools pointed infra-structure problems such as the availability of reactants, equipments and consumption supplies as main obstacle to the practice of experiments in biology classes. Such fact leads us to conclude that maybe there are other problems not covered by the questionnaire such as poor ability to plan and execute experimental activities. As far as conceptions about experimental activities, it was verified in the majority of the interviewees a inductive-empiric point of view of science possibly inherited during their academic formation and such point of view reflected on the way they plan and execute experiments with students

Histórias de vida de mulheres HIV+ ativistas: mudanças e permanências

Nesses anos de seu reconhecimento, a aids tem obrigado a desnaturalizar questões sociais e culturais construídas historicamente e que são parte dos signos, das normas e dos códigos que balizam a estrutura e a organização da sociedade, impondo outros olhares e novas perspectivas para a complexidade de questões relacionadas aos gêneros, aos corpos e à cultura. Considerando essa conjuntura, esta pesquisa foi realizada com quatro mulheres HIV+ ativistas no movimento de aids com o objetivo de apreender suas concepções sobre a doença, os contextos de vulnerabilidade que possibilitaram sua infecção, suas vulnerabilidades à reinfecção e as mudanças e permanências nos campos afetivo-conjugal e da maternidade, a partir da experiência da doença e da militância.

Cuidados paliativos em oncologia pediátrica: perpectivas maternas

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB

Subjetividade e aids: a experiência da doença e da militância na trajetória de vida de mulheres HIV+ vista sob a perspectiva dos estudos de gênero

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O ensino universitário de Química em descompasso: dificuldades de futuros professores na construção do pensamento químico

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

O Ensino e o Aprendizado da Escrita - novos olhares

A leitura, a escrita e a sua aquisição são pesquisadas em vários domínios do saber segundo perspectivas epistemológicas diversas; dessas pesquisas resulta intensa e diversificada produção de saberes. A alfabetização, como trabalho escolar, passa pelo embate entre práticas estabelecidas e novas propostas teóricas, sobretudo a construtivista. Isto não significa que as inovações teóricas sejam realmente aplicadas ou que as expectativas da sociedade quanto à educação escolar sejam atendidas. Para isso contribuem muitos fatores. A elaboração de uma visão do conjunto das diferentes contribuições teóricas e de suas implicações para a relação pedagógica pode ajudar a compreender o que acontece com o trabalho relativo à alfabetização do ponto de vista didático.Contribuir para o desenvolvimento desse processo constitui o objetivo deste trabalho. Para isso visitamos os diversos enfoques teóricos da leitura e da escrita, as relações entre oralidade e escrita, as abordagens pedagógicas, focalizamos as tendências atuais, sobretudo o construtivismo.

Biology Teachers'Conceptions of the Diversity of Life and the Historical Development of Evolutionary Concepts

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Homossexualidades nas pesquisas em pós-graduação em psicologia: da despatologização à luta por direitos

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

Educar en valores a través de programas de deporte escolar: un estudio comparado entre la “Union Nationale du Sport Scolaire” (Francia) y los “Campeonatos Escolares en los IES de la Comunidad de Madrid” (España)

El interés de las administraciones públicas por promover el deporte escolar, suele justificarse por los beneficios educativos y saludables que los escolares obtendrían de las prácticas físico-deportivas. Mas allá de concepciones neutrales o excesivamente idealizadas sobre su valor educativo, las condiciones socioculturales que lo configuran y las intervenciones pedagógicas en el terreno marcan la orientación de la educación en valores propuesta en los programas de deporte escolar. El objeto de estudio de esta tesis doctoral es comprender la educación en valores desde el punto de vista de la estructura organizativa y de los actores implicados en dos programas de deporte escolar seleccionados de países diferentes: la “Union Nationale du Sport Scolaire” (UNSS) en Francia y los “Campeonatos Escolares en los IES de la Comunidad de Madrid” (CEIESCM) en España. El diseño metodológico es un estudio comparado internacional y de corte cualitativo, donde se han analizado 66 entrevistas semiestructuradas, 28 observaciones directas, 45 documentos y el cuaderno etnográfico del investigador por medio de análisis de contenido temático apoyado con el programa NVivo 10. Los resultados aportan dos concepciones distintas de deporte escolar con repercusión en la educación en valores: la UNSS complementa valores del sistema educativo y deportivo proporcionando cauces de implicación y compromiso del alumnado en el arbitraje y la organización asociativa, mientras que en CEIESCM, eximiéndoles de esas responsabilidades, se prioriza la máxima práctica de actividad físico-deportiva reforzando o sancionando durante la misma las conductas que vayan a promover valores del juego limpio propios del deporte. La explicación de estos resultados, contextualizados en sus países respectivos, permite proyectar un eventual deporte escolar europeo basado en valores ciudadanos y democráticos que recogería la perspectiva moral, jurídica y política propuesta a partir del estudio. RÉSUMÉ L’intérêt des administrations publiques pour promouvoir le sport scolaire est souvent justifié par les bénéfices éducatifs et ceux liés à la santé que les élèves obtiendraient des pratiques physiques et sportives. Au-delà des conceptions neutres et excessivement idéalistes sur sa valeur éducative, les conditions socio-culturelles qui le configurent et les interventions pédagogiques sur le terrain marquent l’orientation de l’éducation des valeurs proposée par les programmes de sport scolaire. L’objet de cette étude est de comprendre l’éducation des valeurs du point de vue de la structure organisationnelle et des acteurs impliqués dans deux programmes de sport scolaire sélectionnés de différents pays: l’« Union Nationale du Sport Scolaire » (UNSS) en France et les « Campeonatos Escolares de los IES de la Comunidad de Madrid » (CEIESCM) en Espagne. L’approche méthodologique est une étude comparée internationale et qualitative, où l’on a analysé 66 entretiens semi-directifs, 28 observations directes, 45 documents et le carnet ethnographique du chercheur par le biais d’une analyse de contenu thématique à l’aide du programme NVivo 10. Les résultats apportent deux conceptions différentes du sport scolaire qui ont des répercussions dans l’éducation des valeurs: l’UNSS regroupe les valeurs du système éducatif et sportif en proposant aux élèves des espaces d’implication et d’engagement avec l’arbitrage et l’organisation associative, alors que les CEISCM, les exemptent de ces responsabilités et donnent la priorité au maximum d’activité physique et sportive pratiquée où l’on renforce ou sanctionne pendant son déroulement les conduites qui encourageront les valeurs de fair-play liées au sport. L’explication des résultats, contextualisée dans leurs pays respectifs, permet de projeter un éventuel sport scolaire européen basé sur des valeurs citoyennes et démocratiques qui recueillerait la perspective morale, juridique et politique proposée suite à cette étude. ABSTRACT The interest of public institutions for promoting school sports is often justified by the educational and healthy benefits that the students obtained through physical activity and sports practice. Beyond neutral or overly idealised conceptions about the educational value of sport, sociocultural conditions and pedagogical interventions shape the orientation of education in values given in school sports programs. The aim of this thesis is to understand the values education from the perspectives of the organizational structure and actors involved in two school sports programs selected from different countries: the "Union Nationale du Sport Scolaire" (UNSS) in France and the "School Championships in the IES of the Community of Madrid" (CEIESCM) in Spain. The methodology is a comparative international and qualitative study, with 66 semistructured interviews, 28 direct observations, 45 documentary resources and the ethnographic research notebook being analysed through thematic content analysis using the program NVivo 10. The results provide two different conceptions of school sport that impact on values education: on the one hand, the UNSS complements values of the educational and sports system providing channels of participation and promoting the involvement of students in refereeing and associative organization; on the other hand, CEIESCM is does not assume these responsibilities and the maximum sportive practice is prioritized reinforcing or punishing behaviours that promote sport fair play. The explanation of these results, contextualized in their respective countries, can project an eventual European school sport based on citizens and democratic values and reflect moral, legal and political perspective proposed in this study.

Women Leaders Resolving Conflict in Higher Education: A Feminist Epistemological Perspective

In an American postsecondary context, conflict is inherent (Gianneschi & Yanagiura, 2006; Valian, 1999). Successful navigation of conflict in the academy is vital for those who aspire to leadership positions (Nadler & Nadler, 1987; Walters, Stuhlmacher, & Meyer, 1998). Presently, however, women face significant barriers to achieving success in higher education administration, including gender expectations for conflict resolution behavior (Bartunek, 1992; Bowles, Babcock, & McGinn, 2005; Gayle, Preiss, & Allen, 2002). While a considerable body of literature exists for understanding gender negotiation, it remains rooted in a masculine paradigm (Kolb & Putnam, 2006; Shuter & Turner, 1997), and, as such, established theories lack a feminist epistemological perspective. Consequently, my primary research question is, How do women leaders experience and perceive conflict in the higher education work environment? I conduct a qualitative study that examines workplace conflict experiences of 15 women leaders from diverse personal and professional backgrounds. Hartsock's (1983) three-tiered gender-sensitive analysis of power, updated to include multicultural perspectives, serves as my theoretical framework. It is a lens through which I evaluate theories, finding multicultural organizational, higher education conflict, and gender negotiation theories most applicable to this study. The framework also creates the foundation upon which I build my study. Specifically, I determine that a feminist research method is most relevant to this investigation. To analyze data obtained through in depth interviews, I employ a highly structured form of grounded theory called dimensional analysis. Based on my findings, I co-construct with study participants a Feminist Conflict Process Theory and Flowchart in which initially the nature of the relationship, and subsequently the level of risk to the relationship, institution, or self, is evaluated. This study supports that which is observed in the conflict resolution practitioner literature, but is unique in its observation of factors that influence decisions within a dynamic conflict resolution process. My findings are significant to women who aspire to serve in leadership positions in higher education, as well as to the academy as a whole, for it expands our knowledge of women's ontological and epistemological perspectives on resolving conflict in postsecondary education.

Ensino e aprendizagem de violão na UFRN

The instrumental teaching in Brazil has been more widely studied by music education in the last years, becoming a significative scientific investigation field. This work is focusing on analysis of the instrument teaching reality, considering more specifically the guitar teaching. In a timely manner, approaches the reality of the guitar teaching from the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte – UFRN), considering specific instrument courses in this institution. Thus, the present work was guided by the aim of understanding conceptions, contents and didactic and methodological perspectives that constitute the teaching and learning of the guitar at UFRN. To reach this main aim, we sought to verify, in general: 1) the theoretical, methodological and content perspectives that underlie guitar formation in the music courses of the UFRN; 2) the functions and the aims of the guitar disciplines in the Courses; 3) the profile of the guitar disciplines' professors; 4) the demands of the subjects directly involved in these proposals of musical education; and, 5) the conceptions about formation practices and teaching methodologies that characterize the docent action. In accordance with the aims, the methodological guidance was based on the qualitative paradigm. Thus, data collection procedures involved were: bibliographical and documentary research and interviews with three professors who taught in guitar disciplines during the semester of 2014.1 on the mentioned courses. Then, these data were systematically organized and analyzed in line with the research characteristics presented here. The results of the research evidenced the concepts, contents and didactic and methodological perspectives in the context of teaching and learning guitar in the studied empirical field. In this context, we perceive a relation between the demands of teaching and learning tool in the study field and the ones evidenced in the literature. The results demonstrated that the professors’ professional tragetory is associated with their influences from the initial musical formation and their guitar learning since they related conceptions that reflected aspects formation, sometimes converging sometimes divergente. The contentes, methodologies and general aspects are made based on parameters that demonstrate alignment with the perspectives of guitar teaching and learning in the contemporary world to the instrumental player formation. Thus, the study gave a broader diagnosis about the guitar teaching reality, demonstrating the diferences and the singularities between the Technical Course and the Course of Bachelor in Music at UFRN. Thereby, this study provides importante contribution to music education, mainly, through its reflections about the guitar pedagogy.

O problema mente-corpo na psicologia fenomenológica de Edith Stein : implicações para uma fundamentação da ciência psicológica

Psychology is a relatively new scientific branch and still lacks consistent methodological foundation to support its investigations. Given its immaturity, this science finds difficulties to delimit its ontological status, which spawnes several epistemological and methodological misconceptions. Given this, Psychology failed to demarcate precisely its object of study, leading, thus, the emergence of numerous conceptions about the psychic, which resulted in the fragmentation of this science. In its constitution, psychological science inherited a complex philosophical problem: the mind-body issue. Therefore, to define their status, Psychology must still face this problem, seeking to elucidate what is the mind, the body and how they relate. In light of the importance of this issue to a strict demarcation of psychological object, it was sought in this research, to investigate the mind-body problem in the Phenomenological Psychology of Edith Stein (1891-1942), phenomenologist philosopher who undertook efforts for a foundation of Psychology. For that, the discussion was subsidized from the contributions of the Philosophy of Mind and the support of the phenomenological method to the mind-body problem. From there, by a qualitative bibliographical methodology, it sought to examine the problem of research through the analysis of some philosophical-psychological philosopher's works, named: "Psychic Causality” (Kausalität Psychische, 1922) and “Introduction to Philosophy" (Einführung in die Philosophie, 1920). For this investigation, it was made, without prejudice to the discussion, a terminological equivalence between the terms mind and psyche, as the philosopher used the latter to refer to the object of Psychology. It sought to examine, therefore, how Stein conceived the psyche, the body and the relationship between them. Although it wasn't the focus of the investigation, it also took into account the spiritual dimension, as the philosopher conceived the human person as consisting of three dimensions: body, psyche and spirit. Given this, Stein highlighted the causal mechanism of the psyche, which is based on the variations of the vital force that emerges from the vital sphere. In relation to the corporeal dimension, the philosopher, following the analysis of Edmund Husserl (1859-1938), highlighted the dual aspect of the body, because it is at the same time something material (Körper) and also a linving body (Leib). On the face of it, it is understood that the psyche and the body are closely connected, so that it constitutes a dual-unit which is manifested in the Leib. This understanding of the problem psyche-mind/body provides a rich analysis of this issue, enabling the overcoming of some inconsistencies of the monistic and dualistic positions. Given this, it allows a strict elucidation of the Psychology object, contributing to the foundation of this science.

The influence of initial teacher training in future teachers' perceptions about mathematics teaching and learning

ICEMST 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION IN MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PROCEEDING BOOK (pp.865-869). Disponível em http://www.2014.icemst.com/