Orchestration signals in the classroom: managing the jigsaw collaborative learning flow

The orchestration of collaborative learning processes in face-to-facephysical settings, such as classrooms, requires teachers to coordinate students indicating them who belong to each group, which collaboration areas areassigned to each group, and how they should distribute the resources or roles within the group. In this paper we present an Orchestration Signal system,composed of wearable Personal Signal devices and an Orchestration Signal manager. Teachers can configure color signals in the manager so that they are transmitted to the wearable devices to indicate different orchestration aspects.In particular, the paper describes how the system has been used to carry out a Jigsaw collaborative learning flow in a classroom where students received signals indicating which documents they should read, in which group they were and in which area of the classroom they were expected to collaborate. The evaluation results show that the proposed system facilitates a dynamic, visual and flexible orchestration.

Supporting Computer-supported collaborative work (CSCW) in conceptual design

In order to gain a better understanding of online conceptual collaborative design processes this paper investigates how student designers make use of a shared virtual synchronous environment when engaged in conceptual design. The software enables users to talk to each other and share sketches when they are remotely located. The paper describes a novel methodology for observing and analysing collaborative design processes by adapting the concepts of grounded theory. Rather than concentrating on narrow aspects of the final artefacts, emerging “themes” are generated that provide a broader picture of collaborative design process and context descriptions. Findings on the themes of “grounding – mutual understanding” and “support creativity” complement findings from other research, while important themes associated with “near-synchrony” have not been emphasised in other research. From the study, a series of design recommendations are made for the development of tools to support online computer-supported collaborative work in design using a shared virtual environment.

Interdisciplinarity: perceptions of the value of computer-supported collaborative work in design for the built environment

This paper presents the findings from a study into the current exploitation of computer-supported collaborative working (CSCW) in design for the built environment in the UK. The research is based on responses to a web-based questionnaire. Members of various professions, including civil engineers, architects, building services engineers, and quantity surveyors, were invited to complete the questionnaire. The responses reveal important trends in the breadth and size of project teams at the same time as new pressures are emerging regarding team integration and efficiency. The findings suggest that while CSCW systems may improve project management (e.g., via project documentation) and the exchange of information between team members, it has yet to significantly support those activities that characterize integrated collaborative working between disparate specialists. The authors conclude by combining the findings with a wider discussion of the application of CSCW to design activity-appealing for CSCW to go beyond multidisciplinary working to achieve interdisciplinary working.

Design for design: support for creative practice in computer-supported collaborative work (CSCW) in design

This paper describes a novel methodology for observing and analysing collaborative design by using the concepts of cognitive dimensions related to concept-based misfit analysis. The study aims at gaining an insight into support for creative practice of graphical communication in collaborative design processes of designers while sketching within a shared white board and audio conferencing environment. Empirical data on design processes have been obtained from observation of groups of student designers solving an interior space-planning problem of a lounge-diner in a shared virtual environment. The results of the study provide recommendations for the design and development of interactive systems to support such collaborative design activities.

Scaffolding through the network: analysing the promotion of improved online scaffolds among university students

This article explores how to enrich scaffolding processes among university students using specific Computer Supported Collaborative Learning –CSCL- software. A longitudinal case study was designed, in which eighteen students participated in a twelve-month learning project. During this period the students followed an instructional process, using the CSCL software to support and improve the students’ interaction processes, in particular the processes of giving and receiving assistance. Our research analyzed the evolution of the quality of the students’ interaction processes and the students’ learning results. The effects of the students’ participation in the CSCL environment have been described in terms of their development of affective, cognitive and metacognitive learning processes. Our results showed that the specific activities that students performed while working with the CSCL system triggered specific learning processes, which had a positive incidence on their learning results.

Analysing knowledge building: usages, achievements and limits of forums at university

This paper aims to explore asynchronous communication in computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL). Thirty virtual forums are analysed in both a quantitative and a qualitative way. Quantitatively, the number of messages written, message threads and original and answer messages are counted. Qualitatively, the content of the notes is analysed, cataloguing these into two different levels: on the one hand, as a set of knowledge building process categories, and on the other hand, following the scaffolds that Knowledge Forum offers. The results show that both an exchange of information and a collaborative work take place. Nevertheless, the construction of knowledge is superficial.

Hyvää yhteisöllistä verkko-oppimista jäljittämässä. Neljän virtuaalisen kirjallisuuskeskustelun sisällönanalyysi

Tutkimuksessa etsittiin hyvää yhteisöllistä verkko-oppimista (Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, CSCL) lukiolaisten kirjallisuuskeskusteluista. Tavoitteena oli hankkia tietoa virtuaalisista kirjallisuuskeskusteluista yhteisöllisenä, vuorovaikutuksellisena oppimisen muotona. Tutkimus sijoittuu osaksi kansainvälistä Tutkivan yhteisön (Community of Inquiry, CoI) tutkimusperinnettä ja se käyttää Neil Mercerin kielen ja ajattelun yhdistävää ajatteluyhteisön (thinking community) perinnettä. Uutta oli kaikkien CoI-malliin liittyvien kolmen oppimiseen liittyvän näkökulman, kognitiivisen, sosiaalisen ja ohjauksellisen arvioiminen kaunokirjallisuusaiheisessa verkkokeskustelussa ja kielellisen tarkastelun yhdistäminen siihen. Lähestymistapa oli sosiokulttuurinen ja sosiokonstruktivistinen. Tutkimusaineistona oli vuosina 2003 ja 2004 keskisuuren kaupungin kolmen lukion 16 oppilaan, yhden opettajan ja yhden kirjastonhoitajan käymät neljä keskimäärin 5 hengen kirjallisuuspiirikeskustelua. Tutkimusmenetelminä käytettiin sekä laadullista että määrällistä sisällönanalyysia. Tuloksena oli, että osallistujat kirjoittivat keskimäärin 5,2 dialogivuoroa. Yhteen keskusteluun otti aktiivisesti osaa kolme osallistujaa. Sosiaalinen läsnäolo oli vahvaa kaikissa keskusteluissa. Tunnepitoisia ilmauksia käytettiin keskustelun kohteesta, kirjasta. Keskusteluille oli tyypillistä viestinnän avoimuus, ja keskinäistä tietoisuutta ilmennettiin paljon. Erityisen runsasta sosiaalinen läsnäolo oli toisensa tuntevien tyttöjen vertaiskeskustelussa. Pojat toimivat keskusteluissa keskustelun kyseenalaistajina, mutta samalla terävöittivät keskustelua tehtävän suuntaisesti. Sosiaalista läsnäolon osatekijöistä erityisesti itsekunnioitus ja ryhmäyhtenäisyys yhdistyivät kognitiivisen läsnäolon näkymiseen. Kognitiivinen läsnäolo oli vahvempaa niissä keskusteluissa, joissa ohjaaja oli mukana, kuin oppilaiden vertaiskeskusteluissa. Kirjallisuustieteen näkökulmasta tietoa rakennettiin parhaiten keskustelussa, jossa ohjauksellista läsnäoloa loi äidinkielenopettaja ja jossa luettu kaunokirjallinen teos oli sopivan arvoituksellinen. Tuloksena oli myös, että ohjaajan kannattaa välttää liian aikaista keskusteluun mukaan tuloa. Silloin oppilasryhmä pyrkii mahdollisimman kauan itse älyllisiin päättelyihin. Tutkimuksessa käytettyjen keskustelun arvioimisen tapojen avulla voidaan tulevaisuudessa kouluissa arvioida, miten hyvä ja yhteisöllinen oma verkkokeskustelu on ollut.

Lo que el ojo no ve : un estudio de caso basado en procesos de indagación co(wiki)laborativos.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Una Propuesta de Marco Instruccional Basado en la Taxonomía de Bloom.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

SAACI : sistema de apoio à aprendizagem colaborativa na internet

O atual contexto social tem sido marcado pelo constante avanço tecnológico e científico, pela rápida defasagem dos conhecimentos e pela demanda por profissionais mais qualificadas e capazes de aprender e resolver problemas colaborativamente. A fim de atender esta demanda, o ensino tradicional tem que mudar, de forma que as pessoas possam desenvolver habilidades de “aprender a aprender” e “aprender colaborativamente”. A Aprendizagem Colaborativa tem sido apontada como uma alternativa a este problema, possibilitando uma aprendizagem flexível, ativa e centrada no aluno. Os alunos aprendem em colaboração com outros alunos, o que possibilita uma aprendizagem mais profunda, através de trocas de idéias, dúvidas e pontos de vista. Por outro lado, o advento da rede Internet e a consolidação desta como um importante meio de comunicação mundial têm introduzido novas possibilidades à Aprendizagem Colaborativa Apoiada por Computador (Computer Supported Collaborative Learning – CSCL). Uma atenção especial tem sido dada ao WWW, serviço que possui grande potencial como meio ativo de aprendizagem, embora seja amplamente utilizado como meio passivo de transmissão de informações pela Internet. Este cenário tem viabilizado a utilização da infra-estrutura da Internet para a criação de um sistema de CSCL de grande alcance e a um custo relativamente baixo. O objetivo principal do presente trabalho é propor e implementar um modelo de CSCL baseado na Internet que forneça, de forma integrada, o suporte necessário para o desenvolvimento efetivo de atividades colaborativas de aprendizagem. O trabalho realizado pode ser dividido em três etapas principais: (1) o levantamento teórico, que consistiu no estudo das principais áreas relacionadas com o trabalho desenvolvido, o que foi fundamental para a definição do modelo de sistema de aprendizagem colaborativa proposto; (2) a definição do modelo, que consistiu no levantamento das atividades básicas que devem ser apoiadas por um ambiente de CSCL e na proposição do modelo de um sistema de CSCL baseado na Internet com suporte às atividades levantadas; (3) a implementação do modelo, que possibilitou a verificação da viabilidade da utilização do serviço WWW como base para um ambiente de CSCL, através da utilização de recursos de programação para web e da integração de ferramentas já existentes na Internet.

ReaderBench goes Online: A Comprehension-Centered Framework for Educational Purposes

In this paper we introduce the online version of our ReaderBench framework, which includes multi-lingual comprehension-centered web services designed to address a wide range of individual and collaborative learning scenarios, as follows. First, students can be engaged in reading a course material, then eliciting their understanding of it; the reading strategies component provides an in-depth perspective of comprehension processes. Second, students can write an essay or a summary; the automated essay grading component provides them access to more than 200 textual complexity indices covering lexical, syntax, semantics and discourse structure measurements. Third, students can start discussing in a chat or a forum; the Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) component provides indepth conversation analysis in terms of evaluating each member’s involvement in the CSCL environments. Eventually, the sentiment analysis, as well as the semantic models and topic mining components enable a clearer perspective in terms of learner’s points of view and of underlying interests.

Supporting the reuse of effective CSCL learning designs through social structure representations

Distance and blended collaborative learning settings are usually characterized by different social structures defined in terms of groups' number, dimension, and composition; these structures are variable and can change within the same activity. This variability poses additional complexity to instructional designers, when they are trying to develop successful experiences from existing designs. This complexity is greatly associated with the fact that learning designs do not render explicit how social structures influenced the decisions of the original designer, and thus whether the social structures of the new setting could preclude the effectiveness of the reused design. This article proposes the usage of new representations (social structure representations, SSRs) able to support unskilled designers in reusing existing learning designs, through the explicit characterization of the social structures and constraints embedded either by the original designers or the reusing teachers, according to well-known principles of good collaborative learning practice. The article also describes an evaluation process that involved university professors, as well as the main findings derived from it. This process supported the initial assumptions about the effectiveness of SSRs, with significant evidence from both qualitative and qualitative data.

Remote collaborative multi-user informal learning experiences: design and evaluation

This paper presents a customizable system used to develop a collaborative multi-user problem solving game. It addresses the increasing demand for appealing informal learning experiences in museum-like settings. The system facilitates remote collaboration by allowing groups of learners tocommunicate through a videoconferencing system and by allowing them to simultaneously interact through a shared multi-touch interactive surface. A user study with 20 user groups indicates that the game facilitates collaboration between local and remote groups of learners. The videoconference and multitouch surface acted as communication channels, attracted students’ interest, facilitated engagement, and promoted inter- and intra-group collaboration—favoring intra-group collaboration. Our findings suggest that augmentingvideoconferencing systems with a shared multitouch space offers newpossibilities and scenarios for remote collaborative environments and collaborative learning.

Promoting Metacognitive Skills in a CSCL environment: implications for instructional and technology design

This paper aims to better understand the development of students’ learning processes when participating actively in a specific Computer Supported Collaborative Learning system called KnowCat. To this end, a longitudinal case study was designed, in which eighteen university students took part in a 12-month (two semesters) learning project. During this time period, the students followed an instructional process, using some elements of KnowCat (KnowCat key features) design to support and improve their interaction processes, especially peer learning processes. Our research involved both supervising the students’ collaborative learning processes throughout the learning project and focusing our analysis on the qualitative evolution of the students’ interaction processes and on the development of metacognitive learning processes. The results of the current research reveal that the instructional application of the CSCL-KnowCat system may favour and improve the development of the students’ metacognitive learning processes. Additionally, the implications of the design of computer supported collaborative learning networks and pedagogical issues are discussed in this paper.

¿Evaluando o bordando retales? : un modelo de evaluación receptivo centrado en el evaluando para escenarios CSCL.

Monográfico con el título: la investigación y la innovación universitaria, un campo emergente y en coordinación