A graphics interpreter language /

"C00-2383-0019."

A graphics display language,

Issued also as thesis (M.S.), University of Illinois.

Graphics one terminal design and user's manual /

Mode of access: Internet.

Graphics 8; graphics hardware-1469 gear

"Supported in part by grant U.S. AEC AT(11-1) 1469."

A note on a gamma distribution computer program and computer produced graphs /

"NOAA--S/T 77-2535"

A note on a gamma distribution computer program /

Mode of access: Internet.

A computer-controlled graphical display processor /

"This report reproduces a thesis of the same title submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science."--p. v

Data Disc control: Graphics 8,

"COO-1469-0152. File no. 818."

Resultados preliminares de um sistema de topografia de grande-ângulo usando videoceratógrafo com discos de Plácido

OBJETIVO: Desenvolver a instrumentação e o "software" para topografia de córnea de grande-ângulo usando o tradicional disco de Plácido. O objetivo é permitir o mapeamento de uma região maior da córnea para topógrafos de córnea que usem a técnica de Plácido, fazendo-se uma adaptação simples na mira. MÉTODOS: Utilizando o tradicional disco de Plácido de um topógrafo de córnea tradicional, 9 LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) foram adaptados no anteparo cônico para que o paciente voluntário pudesse fixar o olhar em diferentes direções. Para cada direção imagens de Plácido foram digitalizadas e processadas para formar, por meio de algoritmo envolvendo elementos sofisticados de computação gráfica, um mapa tridimensional completo da córnea toda. RESULTADOS: Resultados apresentados neste trabalho mostram que uma região de até 100% maior pode ser mapeada usando esta técnica, permitindo que o clínico mapeie até próximo ao limbo da córnea. São apresentados aqui os resultados para uma superfície esférica de calibração e também para uma córnea in vivo com alto grau de astigmatismo, mostrando a curvatura e elevação. CONCLUSÃO: Acredita-se que esta nova técnica pode propiciar a melhoria de alguns processos, como por exemplo: adaptação de lentes de contato, algoritmos para ablações costumizadas para hipermetropia, entre outros.

Building a Open Source Framework for Virtual Medical Training

This paper presents a framework to build medical training applications by using virtual reality and a tool that helps the class instantiation of this framework. The main purpose is to make easier the building of virtual reality applications in the medical training area, considering systems to simulate biopsy exams and make available deformation, collision detection, and stereoscopy functionalities. The instantiation of the classes allows quick implementation of the tools for such a purpose, thus reducing errors and offering low cost due to the use of open source tools. Using the instantiation tool, the process of building applications is fast and easy. Therefore, computer programmers can obtain an initial application and adapt it to their needs. This tool allows the user to include, delete, and edit parameters in the functionalities chosen as well as storing these parameters for future use. In order to verify the efficiency of the framework, some case studies are presented.

Making developmental biology relevant to undergraduates in an era of economic rationalism in Australia

This report describes the road map we followed at our university to accommodate three main factors: financial pressure within the university system; desire to enhance the learning experience of undergraduates; and motivation to increase the prominence of the discipline of developmental biology in our university. We engineered a novel, multi-year undergraduate developmental biology program which was student-oriented, ensuring that students were continually exposed to the underlying principles and philosophy of this discipline throughout their undergraduate career. Among its key features are introductory lectures in core courses in the first year, which emphasize the relevance of developmental biology to tissue engineering, reproductive medicine, therapeutic approaches in medicine, agriculture and aquaculture. State-of-the-art animated computer graphics and images of high visual impact are also used. In addition, students are streamed into the developmental biology track in the second year, using courses like human embryology and courses shared with cell biology, which include practicals based on modern experimental approaches. Finally, fully dedicated third-year courses in developmental biology are undertaken in conjunction with stand-alone practical courses where students experience first-hand work in a research laboratory. Our philosophy is a cradle-to-grave approach to the education of undergraduates so as to prepare highly motivated, enthusiastic and well-educated developmental biologists for entry into graduate programs and ultimately post-doctoral research.

Kidney targeting and puncturing during percutaneous nephrolithotomy: recent advances and future perspectives

Background and Purpose: Precise needle puncture of the kidney is a challenging and essential step for successful percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Many devices and surgical techniques have been developed to easily achieve suitable renal access. This article presents a critical review to address the methodologies and techniques for conducting kidney targeting and the puncture step during PCNL. Based on this study, research paths are also provided for PCNL procedure improvement. Methods: Most relevant works concerning PCNL puncture were identified by a search of Medline/PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus databases from 2007 to December 2012. Two authors independently reviewed the studies. Results: A total of 911 abstracts and 346 full-text articles were assessed and discussed; 52 were included in this review as a summary of the main contributions to kidney targeting and puncturing. Conclusions: Multiple paths and technologic advances have been proposed in the field of urology and minimally invasive surgery to improve PCNL puncture. The most relevant contributions, however, have been provided by the applicationofmedical imaging guidance, newsurgical tools,motion tracking systems, robotics, andimage processing and computer graphics. Despite the multiple research paths for PCNL puncture guidance, no widely acceptable solution has yet been reached, and it remains an active and challenging research field. Future developments should focus on real-time methods, robust and accurate algorithms, and radiation free imaging techniques

Artificial neural networks for automatic modelling of the pectus excavatum corrective prosthesis

Pectus excavatum is the most common deformity of the thorax and usually comprises Computed Tomography (CT) examination for pre-operative diagnosis. Aiming at the elimination of the high amounts of CT radiation exposure, this work presents a new methodology for the replacement of CT by a laser scanner (radiation-free) in the treatment of pectus excavatum using personally modeled prosthesis. The complete elimination of CT involves the determination of ribs external outline, at the maximum sternum depression point for prosthesis placement, based on chest wall skin surface information, acquired by a laser scanner. The developed solution resorts to artificial neural networks trained with data vectors from 165 patients. Scaled Conjugate Gradient, Levenberg-Marquardt, Resilient Back propagation and One Step Secant gradient learning algorithms were used. The training procedure was performed using the soft tissue thicknesses, determined using image processing techniques that automatically segment the skin and rib cage. The developed solution was then used to determine the ribs outline in data from 20 patient scanners. Tests revealed that ribs position can be estimated with an average error of about 6.82±5.7 mm for the left and right side of the patient. Such an error range is well below current prosthesis manual modeling (11.7±4.01 mm) even without CT imagiology, indicating a considerable step forward towards CT replacement by a 3D scanner for prosthesis personalization.

Fatty liver characterization and classification by ultrasound

Steatosis, also known as fatty liver, corresponds to an abnormal retention of lipids within the hepatic cells and reflects an impairment of the normal processes of synthesis and elimination of fat. Several causes may lead to this condition, namely obesity, diabetes, or alcoholism. In this paper an automatic classification algorithm is proposed for the diagnosis of the liver steatosis from ultrasound images. The features are selected in order to catch the same characteristics used by the physicians in the diagnosis of the disease based on visual inspection of the ultrasound images. The algorithm, designed in a Bayesian framework, computes two images: i) a despeckled one, containing the anatomic and echogenic information of the liver, and ii) an image containing only the speckle used to compute the textural features. These images are computed from the estimated RF signal generated by the ultrasound probe where the dynamic range compression performed by the equipment is taken into account. A Bayes classifier, trained with data manually classified by expert clinicians and used as ground truth, reaches an overall accuracy of 95% and a 100% of sensitivity. The main novelties of the method are the estimations of the RF and speckle images which make it possible to accurately compute textural features of the liver parenchyma relevant for the diagnosis.

Video-­‐monitorization system for a realistic driving simulator

Nos últimos anos, o ISEP em colaboração com a FEUP e outras Universidades, criou um simulador realista de condução chamado DRIS, que tem como objectivo ajudar em trabalhos de investigação de diferentes áreas, como engenharia civil, computação gráfica, psicologia, educação, etc. O resultado deste trabalho pretende ajudar os profissionais a analisarem os dados recolhidos em cada experiência de condução, a fim de permitir o estudo das reações do motorista em diferentes obstáculos durante um percurso. O simulador DRIS é constituído por uma tela branca, onde os ambientes de simulação são projetados; um carro real, onde é feita a experiência de condução e quatro câmaras colocadas no carro. Destas quatro câmaras, três estão dentro do carro e uma fora do carro. Cada câmara está focada estrategicamente, em partes críticas da condução: a estrada, o motorista, os pedais e os controles (mudança de marcha, volante, os comandos do limpador, etc). Cada uma das câmaras grava um vídeo, que é guardado em um computador colocado em uma das salas de controlo, dentro do Laboratório de Análise de Tráfego na FEUP. Além disso, um arquivo de texto é guardado no mesmo computador. Este arquivo de texto contém algumas informações sobre a experiência do motorista, como as coordenadas do carro, a velocidade do carro, o tempo, etc O trabalho desta Tese surge com a finalidade de melhorar a forma de os profissionais analisar e interpretar os dados recolhidos a partir de uma experiência de condução no DRIS. Para o efeito, foi criado um sistema de vídeo-­‐monitorização, que consiste em uma aplicação de vídeo, que permite a visualização de quatro vídeos simultaneamente, e ler um arquivo de texto, que contém todos os dados recolhidos na experiência. Ambos (vídeo e texto) têm de estar sincronizados com o mesmo tempo de forma a permitir ao utilizador, navegar backward e forward com a ajuda de um cursor. Além disso, como qualquer reprodutor de vídeo básico, contém alguns botões para controlar o status do vídeo (Play, Stop, Pause) e permiti que os profissionais analisem com detalhe os dados dos quatro vídeos. Aproveitando os avanços no desenvolvimento de software, a aplicação foi feita em C++ usando a biblioteca Qt, em ambiente de desenvolvimento integrado do Qt Creator, o que tornou mais fácil a implementação. No fim deste relatório (capítulo 4) é anexado um manual do usuário, a fim de explicar e ajudar os profissionais a usar a aplicação.