Regional variation in social isolation amongst older Australians

Regional studies globally have a strong focus on understanding the causes of variation in the economic performance and wellbeing of regions and this emphasis acknowledges that the strength of the local or regional economy plays a determinant role in shaping quality of life. Regional research has been less active in considering spatial variation in other factors that are critical to individual and societal wellbeing. For example, the regional studies community has been absent from the debate on the social determinants of health and how these influences vary spatially. This paper considers the results of a cross sectional survey of Australians aged 65 and over that focussed on social connections and wellbeing. It examines regional variations in the incidence of social isolation within the older population. It finds that while the incidence of self-reported social isolation amongst older persons is broadly consistent with earlier studies, it demonstrates a spatial patterning that is unexpected. The paper considers community-building activities in addressing the impacts of social isolation, including the role of urban design, and suggests that there is a need to supplement the national overview presented there through more detailed studies focussed on individual localities.

O estresse no trabalho dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde do Município do Rio de Janeiro

O estudo das dimensões psicossociais do trabalho tem aumentado em importância nas últimas décadas, devido ao novo contexto político e econômico mundial de globalização, que determina mudanças no mundo do trabalho e expõe trabalhadores a fatores de risco ocupacional, entre eles o estresse. A categoria profissional do Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS), criada no contexto das reformas sanitárias atravessadas pelo Brasil desde a década de 80, tem como um dos principais propósitos atuar na reorganização do sistema de saúde do país. O ACS tem como especificidade e pré-requisitos a necessidade de ser morador da região atendida pela Equipe de Saúde da Família, fato este responsável por um aspecto único dentro do estudo na área de saúde do trabalhador. Nesse cenário o enfermeiro exerce papel de liderança e possui uma característica marcante, que é a manutenção de constante contato com a comunidade, realizando atividades de grande interação com os ACS, devendo evitar ou minimizar fatores estressores e possíveis agravos à saúde no âmbito da Saúde do Trabalhador. O presente estudo tem como objeto o trabalho do ACS como gerador de estresse ocupacional no Programa de Saúde da Família. Tem como objetivo geral discutir o estresse ocupacional na percepção dos ACS no PSF, numa Área Programática do Município do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e de abordagem qualitativa. O cenário do estudo foram Unidades de Saúde da Família do Município do Rio de Janeiro, e os sujeitos 32 ACS inseridos em três módulos do PSF. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas individuais semi-estruturadas, organizadas e analisadas utilizando a metodologia da Análise de Conteúdo, a partir da qual foram identificadas as seguintes categorias: frustração, trabalho do ACS, representação do trabalho, processo de trabalho, o estresse e relação trabalho x saúde. Os resultados identificam o baixo reconhecimento interferindo na produtividade e na auto-estima, excessiva intensidade e ritmo empregados no trabalho, valorização da burocracia na execução do trabalho, violência como fator de insegurança e reconhece a interferência do estresse na saúde tanto física quanto psíquica. A análise do trabalho do ACS atuante no PSF aponta aspectos que dificultam sua plena atuação, assim como a prática estende-se para além dos conceitos normatizados contidos nas Portarias e outros instrumentos que regulamentam suas atribuições. O trabalho real representa um universo mais complexo e rico do que o trabalho prescrito, que nesse estudo, apresentou-se como fonte geradora de tensão, adoecimento e mal estar, expresso nas vocalizações de queixas.

Relations sociales et troubles dépressifs chez les personnes âgées au Québec : interactions avec le genre et la région de résidence

Chez les personnes âgées, la dépression est un problème important en santé publique, à cause de sa prévalence élevée et de son association avec les incapacités fonctionnelles, la mortalité et l’utilisation des services. La plupart des études ont montré que le manque de relations sociales était associé à la dépression, mais les résultats ne sont pas clairs. Au Québec et au Canada, on possède peu de données sur la prévalence de la dépression chez les personnes âgées et de son association avec les relations sociales. Peu d’études ont examiné le rôle des relations sociales sur l’utilisation des services de santé par les personnes âgées déprimées. Le but de cette recherche était d’examiner le rôle des relations sociales dans la présence de la dépression et dans la consultation chez un professionnel de la santé des personnes âgées déprimées, au Québec. Plus spécifiquement, ce travail visait à : 1) examiner les associations entre les relations sociales et les troubles dépressifs selon la région de résidence; 2) examiner les associations différentielles des relations sociales sur la dépression des femmes et des hommes âgés; 3) examiner le rôle des relations sociales dans la consultation auprès d’un professionnel de la santé des personnes âgées déprimées. Pour répondre à ces objectifs, nous avons utilisé les données de l’enquête ESA (Enquête sur la Santé des Aînés), réalisée en 2005 -2006 auprès d’un échantillon de 2670 personnes âgées résidant à domicile au Québec, qui nous ont permis de rédiger trois articles. Les troubles dépressifs (incluant la dépression majeure et mineure) ont été mesurés, selon les critères du DSM-IV, en excluant le critère de l’altération du fonctionnement social, professionnel ou dans d’autres domaines importants, à l’aide du questionnaire ESA développé par l’équipe de recherche. Les relations sociales ont été mesurées à l’aide de cinq variables : (1) le réseau social; (2) l’intégration sociale; (3) le soutien social, (4) la perception d’utilité auprès des proches et (5) la présence de relations conflictuelles avec le conjoint, les enfants, les frères et sœurs et les amis. Des modèles de régression logistique multiple ont été ajustés aux données pour estimer les rapports de cote et leur intervalle de confiance à 95 %. Nos résultats ont montré des prévalences de dépression plus élevées chez les personnes qui résident dans les régions rurales et urbaines, comparées à celles qui résident dans la région métropolitaine de Montréal. La pratique du bénévolat, le soutien social et les relations non conflictuelles avec le conjoint sont associés à une faible prévalence de dépression, indépendamment du type de résidence. Comparés aux hommes, les femmes ont une prévalence de dépression plus élevée. L’absence de confident est associée à une prévalence de dépression élevée, tant chez les hommes que chez les femmes. La probabilité de dépression est plus élevée chez les hommes veufs et chez ceux qui ne pratiquent pas d’activités de bénévolat, comparativement à ceux qui sont mariés et font du bénévolat. Chez les femmes, aucune association significative n’a été observée entre le statut marital, le bénévolat et la dépression. Cependant, la présence de relations conflictuelles avec le conjoint est associée avec la dépression, seulement chez les femmes. Les relations avec les enfants, les frères et sœurs et les amis ne sont pas associées avec la dépression dans cette population de personnes âgées du Quebec. En ce qui concerne la consultation chez un professionnel de la santé, nos résultats ont révélé que presque la moitié des personnes âgées dépressives n’ont pas consulté un professionnel de la santé, pour leurs symptômes de dépression, au cours des 12 derniers mois. Par ailleurs, notre étude a montré que les personnes âgées qui disposent de tous les types de soutien (confident, émotionnel et instrumental) consultent plus pour leurs symptômes de dépression que ceux qui ont moins de soutien. Comparativement aux hommes mariés, les femmes mariées consultent plus les professionnels de la santé, ce qui laisse supposer que le réseau de proches (épouse et enfants) semble agir comme un substitut en réduisant la fréquence de consultation chez les hommes. Vu la rareté des études canadiennes sur la prévalence de la dépression chez les personnes âgées et les facteurs psychosociaux qui y sont associés, les résultats de ce travail seront utiles pour les cliniciens et pour les responsables des politiques à l’échelle nationale, provinciale et locale. Ils pourront guider des interventions spécifiques, selon la région de résidence et pour les hommes et les femmes âgées, dans le domaine de la santé mentale.

O Programa Escola da Família e o protagonismo juvenil: um panorama de 2003 a 2006

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

Household risk factors and the health and nutritional status of children in rural Honduras

During this cross-sectional study, both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to elucidate the role that household environment and sanitation play in the nutritional status of children in a rural Honduran community. Anthropometric measurements were taken as measures of nutritional status among children under five years of age, while interviews regarding the household environment were conducted with their primary caregivers. Community participatory activities were conducted with primary caregivers, and results from water quality testing were analyzed for E. coli contamination. Anthropometric results were compared using the 1977 NCHS Growth Charts and the 2006 WHO Child Growth Standard to examine the implications of using the new WHO standard. The references showed generally good or excellent agreement between z-score categories, except among height-for-age classifications for males 24-35.9 months and weight-for-age classifications for males older than 24 months. Comparing the proportion of stunted, underweight, and wasted children, using the WHO standard generally resulted in higher proportions of stunting, lower underweight proportions, and higher overweight proportions. Logistic regression was used to determine which household and sanitation factors most influenced the growth of children. Results suggest only having water from a spring, stream, or other type of surface water as the primary source of drinking water is a significant risk factor for stunting. A protective association was seen between the household wealth index and stunting. Through participatory activities, the community provided insight on health issues important for improving child health. These activities yielded findings to be harnessed as a powerful resource to unify efforts for change. The qualitative findings were triangulated with the quantitative interview and water testing results to provide intervention recommendations for the community and its primary health care clinic. Recommendations include educating the community on best water consumption practices and encouraging the completion of at least some primary education for primary caregivers to improve child health. It is recommended that a community health worker program be developed to support and implement community interventions to improve water use and household sanitation behaviors and to encourage the involvement of the community in targeting and guiding successful interventions. ^

Los periódicos cooperativos y la educación cooperativa en la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina) : El caso de 'El Cooperativista'

El periódico institucional es un órgano de difusión del quehacer cooperativo y una de las mejores vías para llevar adelante la educación cooperativa, especialmente en lo que se refiere a la difusión de los principios cooperativos y de los objetivos perseguidos por las sociedades de este tipo; pero también es un vehículo para dar a conocer entre los asociados y sus familiares y a la comunidad en su conjunto tanto los actos cooperativos con sus fundamentos y ventajas, como otras tantas cuestiones que involucran directa o indirectamente aspectos substanciales del quehacer cooperativo e informaciones que atañen a la propia localidad donde se asienta la entidad. En este artículo se estudia un caso especial, el del periódico publicado sin interrupción por la cooperativa vini-frutícola agrícola "La Caroyense" entre los años 1946 y 1967, analizando especialmente en los 233 números publicados en ese lapso junto con ese tipo de anuncios, aquellos que sirvieron para formar y fortalecer entre los asociados los principios cooperativos y el sentido de solidaridad.

Los periódicos cooperativos y la educación cooperativa en la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina) : El caso de 'El Cooperativista'

El periódico institucional es un órgano de difusión del quehacer cooperativo y una de las mejores vías para llevar adelante la educación cooperativa, especialmente en lo que se refiere a la difusión de los principios cooperativos y de los objetivos perseguidos por las sociedades de este tipo; pero también es un vehículo para dar a conocer entre los asociados y sus familiares y a la comunidad en su conjunto tanto los actos cooperativos con sus fundamentos y ventajas, como otras tantas cuestiones que involucran directa o indirectamente aspectos substanciales del quehacer cooperativo e informaciones que atañen a la propia localidad donde se asienta la entidad. En este artículo se estudia un caso especial, el del periódico publicado sin interrupción por la cooperativa vini-frutícola agrícola "La Caroyense" entre los años 1946 y 1967, analizando especialmente en los 233 números publicados en ese lapso junto con ese tipo de anuncios, aquellos que sirvieron para formar y fortalecer entre los asociados los principios cooperativos y el sentido de solidaridad.

Los periódicos cooperativos y la educación cooperativa en la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina) : El caso de 'El Cooperativista'

El periódico institucional es un órgano de difusión del quehacer cooperativo y una de las mejores vías para llevar adelante la educación cooperativa, especialmente en lo que se refiere a la difusión de los principios cooperativos y de los objetivos perseguidos por las sociedades de este tipo; pero también es un vehículo para dar a conocer entre los asociados y sus familiares y a la comunidad en su conjunto tanto los actos cooperativos con sus fundamentos y ventajas, como otras tantas cuestiones que involucran directa o indirectamente aspectos substanciales del quehacer cooperativo e informaciones que atañen a la propia localidad donde se asienta la entidad. En este artículo se estudia un caso especial, el del periódico publicado sin interrupción por la cooperativa vini-frutícola agrícola "La Caroyense" entre los años 1946 y 1967, analizando especialmente en los 233 números publicados en ese lapso junto con ese tipo de anuncios, aquellos que sirvieron para formar y fortalecer entre los asociados los principios cooperativos y el sentido de solidaridad.

Multiple Perspectives on Academic Service-Learning Partnerships at the American University in Cairo: A Mixed Method Study

This mixed method study aimed to redress the gap in the literature on academic service-learning partnerships, especially in Eastern settings. It utilized Enos and Morton's (2003) theoretical framework to explore these partnerships at the American University in Cairo (AUC). Seventy-nine community partners, administrators, faculty members, and students from a diverse range of age, citizenship, racial, educational, and professional backgrounds participated in the study. Qualitative interviews were conducted with members of these four groups, and a survey with both close-ended and open-ended questions administered to students yielded 61 responses. Qualitative analyses revealed that the primary motivators for partners' engagement in service-learning partnerships included contributing to the community, enhancing students' learning and growth, and achieving the civic mission of the University. These partnerships were characterized by short-term relationships with partners' aspiring to progress toward long-term commitments. The challenges to these partnerships included issues pertaining to the institution, partnering organizations, culture, politics, pedagogy, students, and faculty members. Key strategies for improving these partnerships included institutionalizing service-learning in the University and cultivating an institutional culture supportive of community engagement. Quantitative analyses showed statistically significant relationships between students' scores on the Community Awareness and Interpersonal Effectiveness scales and their overall participation in community service activities inside and outside the classroom, as well as a statistically significant difference between their scores on the Community Awareness scale and department offering service-learning courses. The study's outcomes underscore the role of the local culture in shaping service-learning partnerships, as well as the role of both curricular and extracurricular activities in boosting students' awareness of their community and interpersonal effectiveness. Cultivating a culture of community engagement and building support mechanisms for engaged scholarship are among the critical steps required by public policy-makers in Egypt to promote service-learning in Egyptian higher education. Institutionalizing service-learning partnerships at AUC and enhancing the visibility of these partnerships on campus and in the community are essential to the future growth of these collaborations. Future studies should explore factors affecting community partners' satisfaction with these partnerships, top-down and bottom-up support to service-learning, the value of reflection to faculty members, and the influence of students' economic backgrounds on their involvement in service-learning partnerships.

The Development of Novice Teachers' Culturally Responsive Classroom Management Practice

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Measurement properties of the CHAMPS physical activity questionnaire in a sample of older Australians

Background: The effective evaluation of physical activity interventions for older adults requires measurement instruments with acceptable psychometric properties that are sufficiently sensitive to detect changes in this population. Aim: To assess the measurement properties (reliability and validity) of the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire in a sample of older Australians. Methods: CHAMPS data were collected from 167 older adults (mean age 79.1 S.D. 6.3 years) and validated with tests of physical ability and the SF-12 measures of physical and mental health. Responses from a sub-sample of 43 older adults were used to assess 1-week test-retest reliability. Results: Approximately 25% of participants needed assistance to complete the CHAMPS questionnaire. There were low but significant correlations between the CHAMPS scores and the physical performance measures (rho=0.14-0.32) and the physical health scale of the SF-12 (rho=0.12-0.24). Reliability coefficients were highest for moderate-intensity (ICC=0.81-0.88) and lowest for vigorous-intensity physical activity (ICC=0.34-0.45). Agreement between test-retest estimates of sufficient physical activity for health benefits (>= 150 min and >= 5 sessions per week) was high (percent agreement = 88% and Cohen's kappa = 0.68). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the CHAMPS questionnaire has acceptable measurement properties, and is therefore suitable for use among older Australian adults, as long as adequate assistance is provided during administration. (c) 2006 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Narrativas de recovery da toxicodependência

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.

Relatório final de estágio pedagógico realizado na Escola Básica Secundária José Gomes Ferreira

A necessidade de um profissional reflexivo é a base que sustenta a realização deste relatório de estágio. A reflexão sobre a ação permite que o professor possa melhorar o seu processo de ensino-aprendizagem conduzindo a uma melhoria tanto no seu desempenho como nodos seus alunos. Para além de reflexivo o professor deve procurar inovar a sua ação. Com isto, torna-se essencial que saiba ser crítico e fundamentar as suas decisões cientificamente definindo as suas ideias com base em pressupostos científicos que também deverão ser questionados por si. A participação na escola e comunidade através de atividades como desporto escolar ou a direção de turma pressupõem que o professor tenha uma formação inicial devidamente abrangente que lhe permita abordar da melhor forma os vários desafios da comunidade escolar. Como professor estagiário todas estas componentes que formam um "bom professor" foram experienciadas neste processo de supervisão pedagógica. Torna-se imperativo que este processo finda com uma reflexão crítica que abranja todas as áreas de desenvolvimento de competências do professor.

The Office of Minority and Multicultural Health Advisory Council, Strategy planning documentation, January 29, 2013

This meeting brings together Iowa Department of Public Health Office of Minority and Multicultural Health and The OMMH Advisory Council in facilitated processes using the Technology of Participation Methods: Focused Conversation; and Consensus Workshop. The workshop question: “Over the next three years what community coalition building strategies continue to move us toward our vision?” Best practices are defined as those actions that are successfully undertaken and make a difference in the target population. They are studied, documented and can be prescribed for others. For groups who seek to make a difference the study of best practices from other similar communities and populations offers the best opportunity to successfully make change. 2