Injustiça e poder segundo Noam Chomsky

Injustice and power according to Noam Chomsky. In the beginning of the Politics, Aristotle establishes the two lesser forms of sociability: the relationships between man and woman and between master and the slave. In this context, he observes that “Hellenes are natural masters of barbarians” and the reason is that Greeks know philosophy and barbarians still resort to violence (ARISTOTLE, Politics, 1252a.). Shortly after defines “just war” as a war that has a fair cause, that is, which is well justified by philosophy or a fair speech (ARISTOTLE, Politics, 1255a.). This scene briefly expresses the manner in which the USA understands their role in the contemporary world. Chomsky points out the political use of massive military force of his country and denounces how it articulates internally and externally. He affirms that politics is excessively submitted to “ideology”, to doxa, as opposed to natural sciences. His militancy, thus, only advocates freedom and unrestricted right to information. In Camelot, the Kennedy years (1993), for example, the MIT’s professor collects information from congressmen’s speeches and government officials and from secret documents made public and he explicits the methods and actions of the US government. Thereby he can conclude that the US has, for historical reasons, an internal posture that is advocate or contrary to what they imposes to other countries. Power and justice on the one hand, force and injustice on the other –according to their own political discourse.

Prof. Noam Chomsky en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras (UBA): "60 años de Gramática Generativa: pasado, presente y futuro de la teoría lingüística"

Fil: Stamboni, Juan Luis. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Prof. Noam Chomsky en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras (UBA): "60 años de Gramática Generativa: pasado, presente y futuro de la teoría lingüística"

Fil: Stamboni, Juan Luis. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Prof. Noam Chomsky en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras (UBA): "60 años de Gramática Generativa: pasado, presente y futuro de la teoría lingüística"

Fil: Stamboni, Juan Luis. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Intermediate Past BE : A Paradigm Reshaped With Data Drawn From HARES

In this paper, I look into a grammatical phenomenon found among speakers of the Cambridgeshire dialect of English. According to my hypothesis, the phenomenon is a new entry into the past BE verb paradigm in the English language. In my paper, I claim that the structure I have found complements the existing two verb forms, was and were, with a third verb form that I have labelled ‘intermediate past BE’. The paper is divided into two parts. In the first section, I introduce the theoretical ground for the study of variation, which is founded on empiricist principles. In variationist linguistics, the main claim is that heterogeneous language use is structured and ordered. In the last 50 years of history in modern linguistics, this claim is controversial. In the 1960s, the generativist movement spearheaded by Noam Chomsky diverted attention away from grammatical theories that are based on empirical observations. The generativists steered away from language diversity, variation and change in favour of generalisations, abstractions and universalist claims. The theoretical part of my paper goes through the main points of the variationist agenda and concludes that abandoning the concept of language variation in linguistics is harmful for both theory and methodology. In the method part of the paper, I present the Helsinki Archive of Regional English Speech (HARES) corpus. It is an audio archive that contains interviews conducted in England in the 1970s and 1980s. The interviews were done in accordance to methods used generally in traditional dialectology. The informants are mostly elderly male people who have lived in the same region throughout their lives and who have left school at an early age. The interviews are actually conversations: the interviewer allowed the informant to pick the topic of conversation to induce a maximally relaxed and comfortable atmosphere and thus allow the most natural dialect variant to emerge in the informant’s speech. In the paper, the corpus chapter introduces some of the transcription and annotation problems associated with spoken language corpora (especially those containing dialectal speech). Questions surrounding the concept of variation are present in this part of the paper too, as especially transcription work is troubled by the fundamental problem of having to describe the fluctuations of everyday speech in text. In the empirical section of the paper, I use HARES to analyse the speech of four informants, with special focus on the emergence of the intermediate past BE variant. My observations and the subsequent analysis permit me to claim that my hypothesis seems to hold. The intermediate variant occupies almost all contexts where one would expect was or were in the informants’ speech. This means that the new variant is integrated into the speakers’ grammars and exemplifies the kind of variation that is at the heart of this paper.

Senezkotasuna hizkuntzan: Gramatika unibertsalaren inguruko gogoeta

Xabier Artiagoitia eta Joseba A. Lakarra (arg.)

On innate and specific aspects of human language

Mixel Aurnague, Kepa Korta and Jesus M. Larrazabal (eds.)

O verbo no livro dos Salmos: a semântica dos aspectos

Neste trabalho é feito um estudo dos aspectos do verbo no livro dos Salmos, considerando seus valores semântico-sintáticos. Para este fim, considera-se a evolução dos estudos da linguagem, fundamentado em Hermann Paul (1970); o desenvolvimento da ciência das significações através do trabalho de Bréal (1925) e enriquecido pela perspectiva de Marques (2001); a evolução da Linguística por meio do estruturalismo fundamentado em Ferdinand de Saussure e Leonor de Bloomfield, e do gerativismo de Noam Chomsky. Focaliza-se a dimensão textual discursiva com a função de realizar formulações sobre o verbo e articular relação entre teoria do texto e do discurso segundo a perspectiva de Travaglia (1991). Retrata-se a relação de significação que os verbos assumem no texto, embasado no estudo do aspecto segundo os pressupostos de Castilho (1968), Travaglia (1986, 1991) e Azeredo (2010). Para se estabelecer relações entre o aspecto verbal e a mensagem bíblica dos Salmos, fundamenta-se na visão semântica de Ilari (2001) e nos comentários semânticos e teológicos de Champlin (2000)

Worlds in Collision: Terror and the Future of Global Order

Booth, Ken, Dunne, T., Worlds in Collision: Terror and the Future of Global Order (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002), pp.x+376 RAE2008

Lyons (John), "Chomsky"

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

News in the age of empire : two war scandals

This thesis argues that the motivations underpinning the mainstream news media have fundamentally changed in the 21 sl century. As such, the news is no longer best understood as a tool for propaganda or agenda setting; instead it seems that the news is only motivated by the flow of global network capitalism. The author contrasts the work of Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman with that of Gilles Deleuze. Chomsky and Herman's 'Propaganda Model' has been influential within the fields of media studies and popular culture. The 'propaganda model' states that the concentration of ownership of the media has allowed the media elite to exert a disproportionate amount of influence over the mass media. Deleuze, on the other hand, regards the mass media as being yet another cog within the global capitalist mechanism, and is therefore separate from ideology or propaganda. The author proposes that 'propaganda' is no longer a sufficient word to describe the function of the news as terms like 'propaganda' imply some form of national sovereignty or governmental influence. To highlight how the news has 'changed from an instrument of propaganda to an instrument of accumulation, the author compares and contrasts the· coverage of the Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal with that of the Haditha Civilian Massacre. Although similar in nature, the author proposes that the Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal received a disproportionate amount of coverage within the mainstream press because of its exciting and sensational nature.

Porto Alegre 2003, Foro Social Mundial. Porto Alegre 2003, Foro Mundial de Educación.

Se trata de un material recopilatorio de conferencias y mesas redondas del Foro Mundial de la Educación que tuvo lugar en Porto Alegre, Brasil, en el año 2003, entre las cuales cabe destacar las realizadas por los españoles Marina Subirats y David Abril, y también entrevistas y comentarios sobre este acontecimiento como las realizadas a Noam Chomsky y Eduardo Galeano. También cuenta con un apartado dedicado a comunicados y resúmenes de los eventos relativos al Foro Mundial de la Educación y al Foro Social Mundial.

The innate concepts in Chomsky’s work: definition and proposal of an empirical method for their study

This article focuses on innate concepts: their definition, according to the linguistic work of Noam Chomsky, and the outline of a method for their study. As an introduction to the subject some academic conceptions of the concept acquisition are pointed out, and it is claimed that there is a lack of an empirical method for the study of innate concepts. Next, the article presents the definition that Chomsky has defended over time about such concepts. Finally, in a theoretical way, it presents the conditions for an empirical procedure for the study of innate concepts, called semantic analysis of corpus

Alcances de la legislación colombiana frente a las dinámicas políticas y culturales de reconocimiento de las comunidades musulmanas en Bogotá (1991-2013)

El principal objetivo de esta monografía es determinar cómo la legislación ha incidido en la ampliación de los escenarios de participación en las dinámicas políticas y culturales de las comunidades musulmanas en Bogotá, derivadas de la interacción entre las comunidades minoritarias –para este caso, la comunidad musulmana en Bogotá- y la cultura dominante. Desde la Constitución de 1991, se sentaron las bases para la protección de las minorías religiosas y culturales, es por ello, que se aborda desde la perspectiva de los líderes religiosos los problemas referentes a la integración y el reconocimiento de la comunidad, y los desafíos que representa la normatividad. Para el desarrollo de este propósito, se utilizara la teoría de la esfera pública de Iris Marion Young, y la de identidad de Charles Taylor.

Criterios teórico metodológicos para la elaboración de un programa de estimulación lingüística de cero a tres años.

El propósito del estudio es resaltar la importancia de las adquisiciones comunicativas y cognitivas, que se gestan y evolucionan desde que el niño nace, para la adquisición y desarrollo del lenguaje, estableciendo una serie de criterios que han de contribuir al desarrollo infantil desde el momento del nacimiento. Presenta los postulados de cuatro perspectivas teóricas que explican del desarrollo psicológico, comunicativo y lingüístico del niño, así como aspectos generales sobre el lenguaje: la innatista de Noam Chomsky, la sociocultural de Lev Vygotsky, la socio-interactiva-cognitiva de Jerome Bruner, y la psicogenética de Jean Piaget. Describe las características comunicativas y lingüísticas del niño de cero a tres años, así como aquellos procesos de interacción social que favorecen la adquisición del lenguaje infantil y las características del lenguaje adulto que mayor trascendencia tienen para el aprendizaje lingüístico infantil. Presenta el área de comunicación y representación del Programa de Educación Infantil del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia de España, realizando una serie de observaciones en cuanto al cumplimiento de los objetivos de estimulación con base a los criterios lingüísticos de la forma, el contenido y el uso. Tales criterios son los elementos directrices en la elaboración del programa educativo de estimulación que comprende objetivos, actividades de aprendizaje y evaluación.