Determina����o de curva glicol��tica em carca��as de aves PSE (Pale, soft, exsudative) e normal em linha de abate industrial

Some quality defects can cause changes in attributes of the meat, among these we can detach the PSE meat (Pale, Soft and Exudative). The PSE meat is pale, flaccid and exudative and result from sudden pH decrease while the carcass is still under high temperature. The identification of PSE meat has been done by measuring pH and L* (Lightness). However, studies suggest that a more precise evaluation of the kinetics of pH and temperature decrease has to be conducted to better understand the etiology of PSE meat in poultry. The aim of this study was to obtain the glycolytic curve for normal and PSE meat of chicken, through the pH, L* and CRA (water holding capacity) analysis. This experiment was conducted with carcasses obtained from a commercial slaughterhouse (n = 35) of Cobb lineage, 50 days old, from the same batch of creation and with the same pre-slaughter fasting time (10h). Samples of breast fillets were obtained from carcasses randomly collected immediately at the output of pre-cooling chiller, and the analysis of pH, temperature and L * were conducted in the same in times 1h35, 2h35, 3h35, 5h35, 8h35, 11h35, 14h35, 17h35, 20h35, 23h35 and 25h35 post mortem. The CRA analyzes were performed at the time of 25h35 post mortem. The pH measurements indicated that only from the 04 time (8h35 post mortem) was possible to verify an indicative of stabilization, being that PSE meat pH was 5,69��0,07, and normal meat was 5,93��0,09. The final pH (25h35 post mortem) was 5,98��0,06 and L* 57,30�� 2,39 for normal meat, while for PSE meat the result was 5,72��0,06 and L* 59,44��1,51. To CRA, the average of the samples (67,19��3.13 and 64,45�� 2.66) showed a difference between the normal chicken fillets and PSE respectively. The data found in this study are consistent with those reported by own research group in another slaughterhouse and contradicts similar works, but made at room temperature, indicating that for chickens under commercial conditions the resolution of rigor mortis occurs after 8h35 post mortem.

Produ����o de isolado proteico proveniente de subprodutos da ind��stria de aves em diferentes escalas

A ind��stria de aves brasileira destaca-se economicamente, onde um total de 12,3 milh��es de toneladas foi produzido no pa��s em 2013. Esta produ����o em larga escala gera consider��vel volume de subprodutos, chegando at�� 35% da ave viva. Tais res��duos s��o convertidos, por processos tradicionais, em produtos de baixo valor comercial, como por exemplo, farinhas. O processo de varia����o de pH constitui um importante processo alternativo de obten����o de prote��nas com melhores caracter��sticas funcionais e nutricionais. Estudar as vari��veis do processo, efetuando aumento dimensional, �� fundamental para aplica����o das tecnologias desenvolvidas no laborat��rio e posterior defini����o final de processos industriais. A produ����o de isolados proteicos seria uma tecnologia atraente no aproveitamento de subprodutos da ind��stria de frango, convertendo-os em uma ��tima fonte proteica, agregando valor ao produto obtido. Este trabalho teve por objetivo produzir isolados proteicos em diferentes escalas, utilizando subprodutos n��o comest��veis da ind��stria de frango. Foi estudada a solubiliza����o das prote��nas da mat��ria-prima (MP) para definir pHs de solubiliza����o e de precipita����o isoel��trica. A curva apontou um pH alcalino de 11,0 para etapa de solubiliza����o e de 5,25 para etapa de precipita����o proteica. As prote��nas obtidas foram caracterizadas quanto sua composi����o proximal, ��ndice de acidez (IA), ��ndice de per��xidos (IP) e subst��ncias reativas ao ��cido tiobarbit��rico (TBARS) al��m de propriedades funcionais de solubilidade, capacidade de reten����o de ��gua (CRA) e capacidade de reten����o de ��leo (CRO); e nutricionais de digestibilidade proteica. Comparativamente foram analisadas farinhas de v��sceras comerciais nos mesmos par��metros. Um aumento de escala do processo foi realizado e avaliado pelas mesmas respostas do produto da escala laboratorial. Foi obtido um teor proteico de 82 e 85% em escala laboratorial e aumento de escala, respectivamente, e tamb��m uma redu����o lip��dica de 75%, e de cinzas de 85%, em rela����o �� MP. A composi����o proximal das farinhas analisadas ficou entre 67-72% para prote��na bruta, 17-22% para lip��dios e 9-15% para cinzas. O IA, apresentou valores de 2,2 e 3,1 meq/g de isolado e de 1,6 a 2,0 meq/g de farinha. J�� para IP, obteve-se valores de 0,003 a 0,005 meq/g de isolado e de 0,002 a 0,049 meq/g de farinha. Os ��ndices de TBARS apontaram valores de 0,081 e 0,214 mg MA/g de isolado e 0,041 a 0,128 mg MA/g de farinha. A solubilidade das prote��nas do isolado apontou 84 e 81% em pH 3 e 11 respectivamente e de 5% em pH 5, j�� para farinhas variaram de 22 a 31% em pH de 3 a 11. A CRA obtida no isolado foi 3,1 a 16,5 g ��gua/g de prote��na e de 3,8 a 10,9 g ��gua/g de prote��na nas farinhas. A CRO ficou em 4,2 mL de ��leo/g de prote��na do isolados e 2,6 mL de ��leo/g de prote��na da farinhas. Os isolados proteicos apresentaram 92 e 95% de digestibilidade das prote��nas, em compara����o aos 84% das farinhas comerciais. Os ��ndices acumulados e apresentados neste trabalho conclu��ram que foi poss��vel aumentar a escala do processo de varia����o de pH, sem perder qualidade nos ��ndices f��sico-qu��micos e de digestibilidade proteica.

Relaci��n del peso al nacer con el peso al destete y el peso a los 18 meses en un hato de cr��a brahm��n en Tame (Arauca)

Bogot�� (Colombia): Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Programa de Zootecnia

Efectos de la insensibilizaci��n con CO2 en las canales porcinas en el expendio Santa-Rita (Bogot�� - Colombia)

Tesis (M��dico Veterinario). -- Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Programa de Medicina Veterinaria, 2014

Evaluaci��n e implementaci��n de un programa nutricional que estimule el comportamiento reproductivo en la especie aratinga wagleri en dos zool��gicos de Colombia

Tesis (Zootecnista). -- Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Programa Zootecnia, 2015

VN MNB subsidencias del suelo sobre la infraestructura y zona de influencia de la estaci��n de metro rosario a construir en la av. Primero de mayo entre cra. 51 y cra 41 bis

45 p.

Estrategias de prevenci��n frente a efectos de la aspergillosis sobre par��metros productivos de pollos de engorde en Gachancip��, Cundinamarca

Tesis (Zootecnista). -- Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Programa de Zootecnia, 2015

Dispensador de alimentos electr��nico temporizado para aves

141 p.

The evolutionary history of cockatoos (Aves: Psittaciformes: Cacatuidae)

Cockatoos are the distinctive family Cacatuidae, a major lineage of the order of parrots (Psittaciformes) and distributed throughout the Australasian region of the world. However, the evolutionary history of cockatoos is not well understood. We investigated the phylogeny of cockatoos based on three mitochondrial and three nuclear DNA genes obtained from 16 of 21 species of Cacatuidae. In addition, five novel mitochondrial genomes were used to estimate time of divergence and our estimates indicate Cacatuidae diverged from Psittacidae approximately 40.7 million years ago (95% CI 51.6���30.3 Ma) during the Eocene. Our data shows Cacatuidae began to diversify approximately 27.9 Ma (95% CI 38.1���18.3 Ma) during the Oligocene. The early to middle Miocene (20���10 Ma) was a significant period in the evolution of modern Australian environments and vegetation, in which a transformation from mainly mesic to xeric habitats (e.g., fire-adapted sclerophyll vegetation and grasslands) occurred. We hypothesize that this environmental transformation was a driving force behind the diversification of cockatoos. A detailed multi-locus molecular phylogeny enabled us to resolve the phylogenetic placements of the Palm Cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus), Galah (Eolophus roseicapillus), Gang-gang Cockatoo (Callocephalon fimbriatum) and Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus), which have historically been difficult to place within Cacatuidae. When the molecular evidence is analysed in concert with morphology, it is clear that many of the cockatoo species��� diagnostic phenotypic traits such as plumage colour, body size, wing shape and bill morphology have evolved in parallel or convergently across lineages.

Isolation of microsatellite loci in the Capricorn silvereye, Zosterops lateralis chlorocephalus (Aves: Zosteropidae)

The Capricorn silvereye (Zosterops lateralis chlorocephalus) is ideally suited to investigating the genetic basis of body size evolution. We have isolated and characterized a set of microsatellite markers for this species. Seven out of 11 loci were polymorphic. The number of alleles detected ranged from two to five and observed heterozygosities between 0.12 and 0.67. One locus, ZL49, was found to be sex-linked. This moderate level of diversity is consistent with that expected in an isolated, island population.

Impact of child labor on academic performance : evidence from the program "Ed��came Primero Colombia"

In this study, the effects of different variables of child labor on academic performance are investigated. To this end, 3302 children participating in the child labor eradication program ���Ed��came Primero Colombia��� were interviewed. The interview format used for the children's enrollment into the program was a template from which socioeconomic conditions, academic performance, and child labor variables were evaluated. The academic performance factor was determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The data were analyzed through a logistic regression model that took into account children who engaged in a type of labor (n = 921). The results showed that labor conditions, the number of weekly hours dedicated to work, and the presence of work scheduled in the morning negatively affected the academic performance of child laborers. These results show that the relationship between child labor and academic performance is based on the conflict between these two activities. These results do not indicate a linear and simple relationship associated with the recognition of the presence or absence of child labor. This study has implications for the formulation of policies, programs, and interventions for preventing, eradicating, and attenuating the negative effects of child labor on the social and educational development of children.

���It���s about finding a way��� : children, sites of opportunity, and building everyday peace in Colombia

The multiple forms of violence associated with protracted conflict disproportionately affect young people. Literature on conflict-affected children often focuses on the need to provide stability and security through institutions such as schools but rarely considers how young people themselves see these sites as part of their everyday lives. The enduring, pervasive, and complex nature of Colombia���s conflict means many young Colombians face the challenges of poverty, persistent social exclusion, and violence. Such conditions are exacerbated in ���informal��� barrio communities such as los Altos de Cazuc��, just south of the capital Bogot��. Drawing on field research in this community, particularly through interviews conducted with young people aged 10 to 17 this article explores how young people themselves understand the roles of the local school and ngo in their personal conceptualisations of the violence in their everyday lives. The evidence indicates that children use spaces available to them opportunistically and that these actions can and should be read as contributing to local, everyday forms of peacebuilding. The ways in which institutional spaces are understood and used by young people as ���sites of opportunity��� challenges the assumed illegitimacy of young people���s voices and experiences in these environments.