Modelling and prototyping the conceptual design of 3D CMM micro-probe

This paper details the prototyping of a novel three axial micro probe based on utilisation of piezoelectric sensors and actuators for true three dimensional metrology and measurements at micro- and nanometre scale. Computational mechanics is used first to model and simulate the performance of the conceptual design of the micro-probe. Piezoelectric analysis is conducted to understand performance of three different materials - silicon, glassy carbon, and nickel - and the effect of load parameters (amplitude, frequency, phase angle) on the magnitude of vibrations. Simulations are also used to compare several design options for layout of the lead zirconium titanate (PZT) sensors and to identify the most feasible from fabrication point of view design. The material options for the realisation of the device have been also tested. Direct laser machining was selected as the primary means of production. It is found that a Yb MOPA based fiber laser was capable of providing the necessary precision on glassy carbon (GC), although machining trials on Si and Ni were less successful due to residual thermal effects.To provide the active and sensing elements on the flexures of the probe, PZT thick films are developed and deposited at low temperatures (Lt720 degC) allowing a high quality functional ceramic to be directly integrated with selected materials. Characterisation of the materials has shown that the film has a homogenous and small pore microstructure.

A Virtual Inspection Technique for Assessing the Dimensional Accuracy of Forged Compressor Blades Using FE Modeling and CMM Inspection

This paper presents research for developing a virtual inspection system that evaluates the dimensional tolerance of forged aerofoil blades formed using the finite element (FE) method. Conventional algorithms adopted by modern coordinate measurement processes have been incorporated with the latest free-form surface evaluation techniques to provide a robust framework for the dimensional inspection of FE aerofoil models. The accuracy of the approach had been verified with a strong correlation obtained between the virtual inspection data and coordinate measurement data from corresponding aerofoil components.

Desarrollo de un implante cultivado de CMM transducidas con IGF-1 en una matriz de cartílago natural.

Tesis (Maestro en Ciencias con orientación en Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Genética) UANL, 2014.

Método para avaliação de ambientes de desenvolvimento de software combinando CMM e GQM

Este trabalho de conclusão apresenta um método e uma ferramenta para avaliação da maturidade e da capacitação de ambientes de desenvolvimento de software baseado no uso da abordagem Goal/Question/Metric-GQM combinada aos métodos tradicionais de avaliação já existentes para o modelo Capability Maturity Model-CMM. A aplicação deste método através da ferramenta proposta permitirá a organização avaliada estabelecer o grau de conformidade preliminar dos seus processos em relação às exigências do modelo CMM. Esta avaliação poderá ser utilizada como ponto de partida para o estabelecimento de um processo de melhoria. O modelo CMM descreve uma série de estágios de maturidade que são atingidos através da satisfação de metas estabelecidas para áreas-chave do processo de desenvolvimento de software da organização. A evolução deste modelo, chamada de CMMI, Capability Maturity Model Integrated, possibilita que as organizações optem pela forma de implementação do modelo. Esta opção pode se dar através do uso do CMMI em estágios, vertical utilizando os níveis tradicionais do modelo, ou contínua; horizontal baseada nas áreas-chave de processo. Da mesma forma, a avaliação pode ser realizada sobre qualquer modelo escolhido. O modelo GQM descreve uma estrutura hierárquica baseada na existência de metas de melhoria preestabelecidas das quais são extraídas métricas e questões que as satisfazem. O nível de satisfação dessas metas é obtido através da análise das métricas relativas às questões aplicadas ao foco da avaliação Algumas ferramentas para avaliação dos processos relativos ao modelo CMM são apresentadas, tais como o questionário da maturidade e os modelos existentes para a criação de métodos de avaliação, CMM Apraisal Framework-CAF e Apraisal Requirements for CMMI-ARC. O diferencial apresentado é o estabelecimento de métricas objetivas e regras de interpretação dessas para a definição da satisfação de uma determinada área-chave de processo, ACP, do nível 2 do modelo CMMI. Além dessas contribuições vale destacar o estabelecimento de questões adicionais ao questionário da maturidade com o objetivo de capturar essas métricas e a criação de grafos GQM para cada ACP do nível 2 do CMMI. Esses grafos permitem a visualização do relacionamento existente entre cada ACP do nível 2 do CMMI com suas metas, questões e métricas. A aplicação do método e da ferramenta será demonstrada através da utilização de um estudo de caso aplicado na empresa DWA Informática Ltda.

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de um compósito matriz metálica (CMM): aço EUROFER97 reforçado com Carbeto de Tântalo - TaC

Steel is an alloy EUROFER promising for use in nuclear reactors, or in applications where the material is subjected to temperatures up to 550 ° C due to their lower creep resistance under. One way to increase this property, so that the steel work at higher temperatures it is necessary to prevent sliding of its grain boundaries. Factors that influence this slip contours are the morphology of the grains, the angle and speed of the grain boundaries. This speed can be decreased in the presence of a dispersed phase in the material, provided it is fine and homogeneously distributed. In this context, this paper presents the development of a new material metal matrix composite (MMC) which has as starting materials as stainless steel EUROFER 97, and two different kinds of tantalum carbide - TaC, one with average crystallite sizes 13.78 nm synthesized in UFRN and another with 40.66 nm supplied by Aldrich. In order to improve the mechanical properties of metal matrix was added by powder metallurgy, nano-sized particles of the two types of TaC. This paper discusses the effect of dispersion of carbides in the microstructure of sintered parts. Pure steel powders with the addition of 3% TaC UFRN and 3% TaC commercial respectively, were ground in grinding times following: a) 5 hours in the planetary mill for all post b) 8 hours of grinding in the mill Planetary only for steel TaC powders of commercial and c) 24 hours in the conventional ball mill mixing the pure steel milled for 5 hours in the planetary mill with 3% TaC commercial. Each of the resulting particulate samples were cold compacted under a uniaxial pressure of 600MPa, on a cylindrical matrix of 5 mm diameter. Subsequently, the compressed were sintered in a vacuum furnace at temperatures of 1150 to 1250 ° C with an increment of 20 ° C and 10 ° C per minute and maintained at these isotherms for 30, 60 and 120 minutes and cooled to room temperature. The distribution, size and dispersion of steel and composite particles were determined by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy followed by chemical analysis (EDS). The structures of the sintered bodies were observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron accompanied by EDS beyond the x-ray diffraction. Initial studies sintering the obtained steel EUROFER 97 a positive reply in relation to improvement of the mechanical properties independent of the processing, because it is obtained with sintered microhardness values close to and even greater than 100% of the value obtained for the HV 333.2 pure steel as received in the form of a bar

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de um compósito matriz metálica (CMM): aço EUROFER97 reforçado com Carbeto de Tântalo - TaC

Steel is an alloy EUROFER promising for use in nuclear reactors, or in applications where the material is subjected to temperatures up to 550 ° C due to their lower creep resistance under. One way to increase this property, so that the steel work at higher temperatures it is necessary to prevent sliding of its grain boundaries. Factors that influence this slip contours are the morphology of the grains, the angle and speed of the grain boundaries. This speed can be decreased in the presence of a dispersed phase in the material, provided it is fine and homogeneously distributed. In this context, this paper presents the development of a new material metal matrix composite (MMC) which has as starting materials as stainless steel EUROFER 97, and two different kinds of tantalum carbide - TaC, one with average crystallite sizes 13.78 nm synthesized in UFRN and another with 40.66 nm supplied by Aldrich. In order to improve the mechanical properties of metal matrix was added by powder metallurgy, nano-sized particles of the two types of TaC. This paper discusses the effect of dispersion of carbides in the microstructure of sintered parts. Pure steel powders with the addition of 3% TaC UFRN and 3% TaC commercial respectively, were ground in grinding times following: a) 5 hours in the planetary mill for all post b) 8 hours of grinding in the mill Planetary only for steel TaC powders of commercial and c) 24 hours in the conventional ball mill mixing the pure steel milled for 5 hours in the planetary mill with 3% TaC commercial. Each of the resulting particulate samples were cold compacted under a uniaxial pressure of 600MPa, on a cylindrical matrix of 5 mm diameter. Subsequently, the compressed were sintered in a vacuum furnace at temperatures of 1150 to 1250 ° C with an increment of 20 ° C and 10 ° C per minute and maintained at these isotherms for 30, 60 and 120 minutes and cooled to room temperature. The distribution, size and dispersion of steel and composite particles were determined by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy followed by chemical analysis (EDS). The structures of the sintered bodies were observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron accompanied by EDS beyond the x-ray diffraction. Initial studies sintering the obtained steel EUROFER 97 a positive reply in relation to improvement of the mechanical properties independent of the processing, because it is obtained with sintered microhardness values close to and even greater than 100% of the value obtained for the HV 333.2 pure steel as received in the form of a bar

Performance des MRC et des municipalités locales de la CMM à protéger leurs milieux naturels en concordance avec le Plan métropolitain d'aménagement et de développement

Au début des années 1990, une prise de conscience de la valeur des milieux naturels et de leur biodiversité s’observa à différentes échelles. La Convention sur la diversité biologique, publiée en 1992 lors de la Conférence des Nations Unies sur l’environnement et le développement, fut un élément déclencheur en matière de protection des milieux naturels. En 2010, la Convention adopta un plan stratégique établissant entre autres l’objectif de protéger 17 % des milieux terrestres pour 2020. C’est de cet objectif, repris par le gouvernement du Québec, que la Communauté métropolitaine de Montréal s’inspira afin d’élaborer son propre objectif de protéger le même pourcentage de son territoire. L’atteinte de celui-ci est tributaire d’un processus de concordance établi par la Loi sur l’aménagement et l’urbanisme entre le Plan métropolitain d’aménagement et de développement, les schémas d’aménagement et de développement des municipalités régionales de comté et les outils d’urbanismes des municipalités locales. L’objectif principal de cet essai est d’analyser, à l’échelle de la Communauté métropolitaine de Montréal, la performance des municipalités régionales de comté et des municipalités locales à traduire, dans leur outil d’aménagement et d’urbanisme, les orientations, les objectifs et les critères définis au Plan métropolitain d’aménagement et de développement en matière de protection des milieux naturels. Cette performance est mesurée à l’aide d’un indicateur élaboré pour cet essai. Pour y parvenir, un portrait des milieux naturels de la Communauté métropolitaine de Montréal est dressé. L’essai s’appuie sur celui-ci afin de sélectionner deux municipalités régionales de comté et cinq municipalités locales sur lesquelles utiliser l’indicateur de performance. L’analyse des résultats révèle que les municipalités régionales de comté performent mieux que les municipalités locales. De plus, c’est par rapport à la réalisation d’un plan de conservation des milieux humides que ces dernières performent le moins bien. En s’appuyant sur ces analyses, l’essai recommande notamment que l’élaboration du plan de conservation des milieux humides soit réalisée à l’échelle des municipalités régionales de comté plutôt qu’à celle des municipalités locales. Ce travail pourrait servir au gouvernement québécois afin d’améliorer la protection des milieux naturels, non seulement à l’échelle du Grand Montréal, mais également à celle de la province.

Understanding the Main Phases of Developing a Maturity Assessment Model

Practitioners and academics have developed numerous maturity models for many domains in order to measure competency. These initiatives have often been influenced by the Capability Maturity Model. However, an accumulative effort has not been made to generalize the phases of developing a maturity model in any domain. This paper proposes such a methodology and outlines the main phases of generic model development. The proposed methodology is illustrated with the help of examples from two advanced maturity models in the domains of Business Process Management and Knowledge Management.

Towards a Business Process Management Maturity Model

Business Process Management (BPM) has been identified as the number one business priority by a recent Gartner study (Gartner, 2005). However, BPM has a plethora of facets as its origins are in Business Process Reengineering, Process Innovation, Process Modelling, and Workflow Management to name a few. Organisations increasingly recognize the requirement for an increased process orientation and require appropriate comprehensive frameworks, which help to scope and evaluate their BPM initiative. This research project aims toward the development of a holistic and widely accepted BPM maturity model, which facilitates the assessment of BPM capabilities. This paper provides an overview about the current model with a focus on the actual model development utilizing a series of Delphi studies. The development process includes separate studies that focus on further defining and expanding the six core factors within the model, i.e. strategic alignment, governance, method, Information Technology, people and culture.