High irradiance and temperature inhibit the germination of spores of the fern Rumohra adiantiformis (Forst.) Ching (Dryopteridaceae)

Rumohra adiantiformis (Forst.) Ching is a fern (Dryopteridaceae) which is used to compose floral arrangements. Fertile fronds were harvested in the "Permanently Protected Area" of Ilha Comprida, São Paulo, Brazil. Sterilized spores were germinated in Mohr liquid medium modified by Dyer. The effect of 72%, 54%, 17% and 9% of total irradiance on germination under field conditions, was analyzed. Experiments were carried out in March (I), April (II) and August of 2000 (III). Under 54% and 72% of total irradiance in Experiment I (March) the germination was completely inhibited and partially inhibited under 72% of total irradiance in Experiment II (April). The lowest mean germination time () was observed under 9% of total irradiance in Experiments II (11.62 days) and III (8.80 days) respectively, followed by 17% in Experiment III (10.12 days) and 9% of total irradiance in the Experiment I (11.62 days ). The effect of temperatures of 15 ± 1, 20 ± 1, 25 ± 1 and 30 ± 1 ºC on germination was also analyzed. The lowest mean germination time (7.93 days) was observed at 25 ± 1 °C followed by 20 ± 1 °C. The highest mean germination time was observed at 15 ± 1 °C (12.10 days) followed by 30 ± 1 °C (10.63 days), which inhibited germination. The germination of R. adiantiformis was photoinhibited by high irradiance and partially inhibited by the highest temperature tested.

Biochemical and Biotechnological investigations on the water-fern Salvinia molesta Mitchell

The present work is focussed mainly on the utilization of this weed-biomass on a biochemical and biotechnological basis. Before designing scientific and systematic utilization of any given biomass, the detailed analysis of its chemical componets is essential. Hence, as the preliminary part of the experimental works, samples of Salvinia were analysed for its chemical constituents.Before designing scientific and systematic utilization of any given biomass, the detailed analysis of its chemical componets is essential .The composition of the substrate contributes much to the nutritive value of mushrooms. Hence, alterations in the nutritive value of mushrooms (in terms of total carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and minerals) in response to Salvinia as substrate were analyzed.Substrate after mushroom harvest (spent substrate) can be utilized for various purposes such as cattle feed, as a source of degradative enzymes, as a substrate for other mushrooms and as garden manure. But studies are limited with regard to the utilization of Pleurotus spent substrate as garden manure. So the value of spent substrate as an organic supplement and its multidimensional impacts on soil chemical status, soil microbial population dynamics and plant growth (Amhurium andreanum) were carried out.Major findings of this work have got much relevance in designing measures to utilize different types of plant biomass, especially aquatic weeds, with the aid of a powerful biological tool, the lignocellulolytic fungus, Pleurorus

Manuel Fern??ndez de Castro : materiales did??uticos. 'Manuel Fern??ndez de Castro : materiales did??cticos'

Con motivo de dedicarse la XVIII Selmana de les Lletres Asturianes de 1997 a la figura y a la obra de Manuel Fern??ndez de Castro se elaboraron unos materiales did??cticos destinados a los centros de ense??anza secundaria donde se imparte la optativa de lengua asturiana. Este autor del siglo XIX, traductor y poeta principalmente de textos religiosos sirve como ejemplo para valorar el trabajo del traductor como instrumento indispensable en la normalizaci??n de una lengua. Se hacen una serie de propuestas organizadas alrededor de unos centros de inter??s; las actividades se plantean desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar como v??a de integraci??n de la lengua asturiana en el curr??culo de secundaria. Los tres bloques que se trabajan son: 1-El tiempo que le toc?? vivir a Manuel Fern??ndez de Castro. 2-El ambiente literario que rodea la obra del autor. 3-La obra de Fern??ndez de Castro y la traducci??n al asturiano. Se presenta una selecci??n de textos, actividades como rellenar cuadros, esquemas, resolver pasatiempos de contenido literario, etc. Finalmente se ofrece como ejemplo de una futura serie, un material en el que unas fichas gr??ficas con un personaje central llamado Marga, sirvi??ndose en este caso de la figura de Fern??ndez de Castro y su obra en asturiano, propone actividades al alumnado del primer ciclo de Secundaria y de los cursos m??s altos de la Ense??anza Primaria.

Fern??ndez de Lizardi y la necesidad ilustrada de la educaci??n civil y pol??tica

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Ermitas Fern??ndez Fern??ndez : la educaci??n en las aldeas gallegas

Se presenta el perfil personal y profesional de Ermitas Fern??ndez Fern??ndez. Para ella, los entornos rurales son un medio rico y estimulante para el aprendizaje. Lleva m??s de treinta a??os dedicada a la educaci??n del medio rural gallego y a conseguir que las familias tomen conciencia del valor de su trabajo como educadoras de sus hijos. Empez?? trabajando en la escuela unitaria de Maderne, en A Fonsagrada, Lugo, donde, en contacto con maestros de Acci??n Cat??lica, pondr?? en pr??ctica modelos organizativos innovadores, convirtiendo el aula en un espacio de libertad a trav??s de la conversaci??n y el di??logo. Trabajar?? con chicos y chicas que han abandonado la escuela en las llamadas actividades de noche; con los padres, dentro del programa de Extensi??n Agraria ofreciendo actividades orientadas a mejorar su nivel cultural; y luchar?? contra la discriminaci??n y la falta de integraci??n de la mujer en estas actividades. En contacto con Antonio Gandoy, secretario de Acci??n Social de C??ritas de Galicia, se embarcar?? en el proyecto de Preescolar na Casa, y desarrollar?? un intenso trabajo de investigaci??n y expansi??n del programa en colaboraci??n con otros pa??ses como Francia e Italia.

Visi??n tecnol??gica de la did??ctica : aportaci??n de los doctores Fern??ndez Huerta y Rodr??guez Di??guez

Los doctores Fern??ndez Huertas y Rodr??guez Di??guez han constituido el eje de la did??ctica en Espa??a durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX y los primeros a??os del siglo XXI. Sus obras han constituido la base de la did??ctica y de los modelos de formaci??n del profesorado. El conocimiento de los dos maestros permite profundizar en la visi??n de la tecnolog??a de la Did??ctica. La Did??ctica, como disciplina social inmersa en la sociedad de la informaci??n, no puede renunciar a su sistematizaci??n tecnol??gica. Adem??s de tratar la Did??ctica desde un enfoque tecnol??gico, se analizan las aportaciones del modelo did??ctico establecido por Fern??ndez Huertas y Rodr??guez Di??guez.

Los maestros mexicanos en tiempos de Fern??ndez de Lizardi (1776-1827)

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Lope ante Fern??n Gonz??lez a la luz del arte nuevo

Se examina la leyenda ??pica de Fern??n Gonz??lez, a trav??s de la obra teatral de Lope de Vega, El conde Fern??n Gonz??lez, de 1623. Se diferencian los distintos elementos de la tragicomedia, el estilo barroco y la estructura de la obra, su versificaci??n, la presencia de los ideales de los siglos de oro, la conservaci??n de la tradici??n de los condes castellanos y las novedades introducidas en la acci??n, como el tema campesino unido al ??pico.

Melchor Fern??ndez Almagro, acad??mico de la Espa??ola

Cr??nica sobre el ingreso en la Real Academia Espa??ola del escritor y acad??mico de la Historia don Melchor Fern??ndez Almagro. Se hace un resumen de su obra.

Influence of light, plant density and disinfection in spore germination of fern blechnum brasiliense desv. blechnaceae

The present assay had as objective evaluating spore germination of Blechnum brasiliense in relation to light, plant density and disinfection. The assay was carried out at Jaboticabal, Sào Paulo State, Brazil, from February, 22 to June, 30, 1996. The experimental design was randomized blocks on a factorial scheme (3x2x2), consisting of 12 treatments, three environments (shade-house, dark-house and germination camera), 2 densities (0.005 grs and 0.010 grs of spores/treatment) and presence or absence of disinfection. The leaf coverage area (130 days) and the number of days necessary to germinate were evaluated. The germination camera data were not analysed because they were insignificant; consequently, the remining data were analysed on a 2×2×2 scheme. The shade-house provided larger green covering area and a faster germination. The density of 0.0 lOg of spore/treatments presented the largest green covering area. The supply of partial light was necessary for good germination. The interaction between the environment and the density had significant effect on the green covering area.