Evaluación de actitudes y creencias CTS : diferencias entre alumnos y profesores.

Resumen tomado del autor. Resumen en castellano e inglés. Notas a pie de página. Este artículo se incluye en el monográfico 'Didácticas específicas'

Programa 'Completa tu mochila en el kiosko' : plan para el fomento de la lectura y el desarrollo de la comprensión lectora a través de la prensa.

Tercer premio nacional de Fomento de la Lectura de la Prensa del CIDE, 2007

El aprendizaje de los números en las Enseñanzas Básica y Media.

Conocer, con precisión, cuáles son los conocimientos numéricos de los alumnos, y detectar las dificultades de aprendizaje que se les presentan. Alumnos de 7 a 16 años de Enseñanzas Básica y Media, pertenecientes a 60 centros urbanos y rurales de las Islas Canarias. Se elabora una relación de objetivos operativos o unidades básicas de aprendizaje relacionados con el conjunto, la suma, la diferencia, el producto, la división, la potenciación, la radicación, la divisibilidad, el orden y la representación gráfica. Se redactan ejercicios para cada objetivo operativo, con el fin de determinar el nivel de aprendizaje en cada uno de ellos. Estas pruebas se pasan a los alumnos del nivel inmediatamente superior al que corresponden los objetivos operativos. Se corrigen los ejercicios con criterio de bien (1) o mal (0), sin considerar otras calificaciones, y se elaboran informes de conclusiones. Porcentajes. Se produce un progresivo empeoramiento del aprendizaje a medida que aumenta el nivel educativo. Destaca la existencia de una asimetría en el aprendizaje sobre cuestiones duales. Existen dificultades en la realización de operaciones en las que aparecen el número o la cifra 0. El aprendizaje de los números racionales no negativos resulta más difícil mediante fracciones que con decimales. En general, la comprensión de los conceptos, de los términos, de las expresiones literales y propiedades es deficiente. Existe un desconocimiento de la jerarquía de las operaciones y del correcto uso de los paréntesis, que provoca dificultades en el cálculo en el que intervienen varias operaciones. Se presentan dificultades en la aplicación de los algoritmos, que dependen de la colocación de los términos.

Alcalá : apuntes de historia y arte.

Este material recoge las ponencias presentadas en el VIII Curso sobre historia y arte de Alcalá, organizado por la Institución de Estudios Complutenses en colaboración con el CPR de Alcalá de Henares. Los textos pretenden aumentar el conocimiento sobre Alcalá y su desarrollo, para apreciar mejor el presente y dotar al futuro de un mayor sentido. Se realiza un recorrido a través de la historia de la ciudad, desde los primeros vestigios de pobladores hasta la actualidad. Los textos son Prehistoria y Complutum romana; Compluto visigoda e islámica; Los orígenes sacros de la Alcalá medieval, el templo de los santos Justo y Pastor; Alcalá medieval cristiana; Alcalá de Henares, musulmana y judía desde 1118 hasta el Renacimiento; Fundación y primeros años de la Universidad de Alcalá (1499-1517); La Universidad de Alcalá en los siglos XVI y XVII; El Colegio Mayor de San Ildefonso, proceso constructivo; El arte de la orfebrería complutense; Escultura del Renacimiento en Alcalá de Henares; Arquitectura barroca complutense; Pintura del Barroco complutense; El Siglo de las Luces en Alcalá; El siglo XX en Alcalá de Henares; Bibliografía temática básica sobre Alcalá de Henares.

Actividad antimicrobiana de la solución de nanopartícula de plata en cultivo de Enterococcus faecalis

Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the silver nanoparticles solution in enterococcus faecallis cultures (ATCC 29212), compared with various solutions of sodium hypoclorithe (NaOCl). Material and methods. Five Agar Petri plates were inoculated with E. faecallis and each of them was placed a cellulose dish embedded with silver nanoparticles solution, or a solution of sodium hypochlorite evaluated (Viarzon, Cloralex, Clorox). Chlorhexidine digluconate 2% was used as positive control and sterile saline solution was used as negative control. After 24 hours of incubation at 37ºc, under aerobic conditions, the zones of inhibition of bacterial growth were measured and the results subjected to the statistical t test among the experimental groups (= 5%). Results. The Cloralex showed to be the most effective reflected in the extent of inhibition in relation to other substances (p< 0.05), except that the chlorhexidine digluconate 2% (p> 0.05). The solution of silver nanoparticles provided a greater zone of inhibition than the sodium hypochlorite solution (Clorox) and Viarzon (p< 0.05). Clorox and Viarzon didn't provide zones of inhibition and were similar to each other (p> 0.05). Conclusions. The solution of silver nanoparticles presents antimicrobial activity in cultured E. faecallis, even higher than other commercial forms of sodium hypochlorite. Further studies should be carried out to determine its viability as irrigating solution in endodontics (AU)

Prior history of sexually transmitted diseases in women living with AIDS in Sao Paulo, Brazil

Objectives: To describe the epidemiological profile, risk behaviors, and the prior history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in women living with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Methods: Cross-sectional study, performed at the Centro de Referencia e Treinamento em DST/AIDS of Sao Paulo. The social, demographic, behavioral, and clinical data such as age, schooling, marital status, age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, parity, use of drugs, time of HIV diagnosis, CD4 count, and viral load determination were abstracted from the medical records of women living with AIDS who had gynecological consultation scheduled in the period from June 2008 to May 2009. Results: Out of 710 women who were scheduled to a gynecological consultation during the period of the study, 598 were included. Previous STD was documented for 364 (60.9%; 95% CI: 56.9%-64.8%) women. The associated factors with previous STDs and their respective risks were: human development index (HDI) <0.50 (ORaj = 5.5; 95% CI: 2.8-11.0); non-white race (ORaj = 5.2; 95% CI: 2.5-11.0); first sexual intercourse at or before 15 years of age (ORaj = 4.4; 95% CI: 2.3-8.3); HIV infection follow-up time of nine years or more (ORaj = 4.2; 95% CI: 2.3-7.8)]; number of sexual partners during the entire life between three and five partners (ORaj = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1-4.6), and six or more sexual partners (ORaj = 3.9; 95% CI: 1.9-8.0%); being a sex worker (ORaj = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.1). Conclusions: A high prevalence of a prior history of STDs in the studied population was found. It is essential to find better ways to access HIV infection prevention, so that effective interventions can be more widely implemented. (C) 2012 Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Prior history of sexually transmitted diseases in women living with AIDS in São Paulo, Brazil

OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiological profile, risk behaviors, and the prior history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in women living with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHODS: Cross-sectional study, performed at the Centro de Referência e Treinamento em DST/AIDS of São Paulo. The social, demographic, behavioral, and clinical data such as age, schooling, marital status, age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, parity, use of drugs, time of HIV diagnosis, CD4 count, and viral load determination were abstracted from the medical records of women living with AIDS who had gynecological consultation scheduled in the period from June 2008 to May 2009. RESULTS: Out of 710 women who were scheduled to a gynecological consultation during the period of the study, 598 were included. Previous STD was documented for 364 (60.9%; 95% CI: 56.9%-64.8%) women. The associated factors with previous STDs and their respective risks were: human development index (HDI) < 0.50 (ORaj = 5.5; 95% CI: 2.8-11.0); non-white race (ORaj = 5.2; 95% CI: 2.5-11.0); first sexual intercourse at or before 15 years of age (ORaj = 4.4; 95% CI: 2.3-8.3); HIV infection follow-up time of nine years or more (ORaj = 4.2; 95% CI: 2.3-7.8)]; number of sexual partners during the entire life between three and five partners (ORaj = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1-4.6), and six or more sexual partners (ORaj = 3.9; 95% CI: 1.9-8.0%); being a sex worker (ORaj = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.1). CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of a prior history of STDs in the studied population was found. It is essential to find better ways to access HIV infection prevention, so that effective interventions can be more widely implemented.

A Generalized Regression Methodology for Bivariate Heteroscedastic Data

We present a methodology for reducing a straight line fitting regression problem to a Least Squares minimization one. This is accomplished through the definition of a measure on the data space that takes into account directional dependences of errors, and the use of polar descriptors for straight lines. This strategy improves the robustness by avoiding singularities and non-describable lines. The methodology is powerful enough to deal with non-normal bivariate heteroscedastic data error models, but can also supersede classical regression methods by making some particular assumptions. An implementation of the methodology for the normal bivariate case is developed and evaluated.

Improved estimation of Weibull Parameters considering unreliability uncertainties

We propose a linear regression method for estimating Weibull parameters from life tests. The method uses stochastic models of the unreliability at each failure instant. As a result, a heteroscedastic regression problem arises that is solved by weighted least squares minimization. The main feature of our method is an innovative s-normalization of the failure data models, to obtain analytic expressions of centers and weights for the regression. The method has been Monte Carlo contrasted with Benard?s approximation, and Maximum Likelihood Estimation; and it has the highest global scores for its robustness, and performance.

Metodología de diseño de estudios de grabación y aplicación a caso práctico

Este trabajo pretende realizar un resumen del estado del arte del diseño de estudios de grabación sonora desde el punto de vista de las soluciones acústicas a aplicar para la obtención de un entorno acústico profesional. Para ello, se ha realizado un amplio trabajo bibliográfico estudiando los principales libros de diseño de estudios de grabación sonora existentes en inglés y procurando rescatar de ellos los aspectos más importantes. Además, tras el estudio teórico de todos los aspectos que entran en juego en este complejo mundo, se ha propuesto una solución para un recinto existente en el cual se llevará a cabo la construcción de dicho diseño. SUMMARY This paper seeks to make a summary of the state-of-the-art in the design of sound recording studios from the point of view of applying acoustic solution for obtaining a professional acoustic environment. To do this, we have done extensive work studying literature major design books about Sound Recording Studios in English and then tried to use the most important aspects from then. Furthermore, following the study of the theoretical aspects that come into play in this complex field, it was proposed a solution to an existing enclosure in which will be held the construction of such design.

Establishing Quercus ilex under Mediterranean dry conditions: sowing recalcitrant acorns versus planting seedlings at different depths and tube shelter light transmissions

Article New Forests November 2015, Volume 46, Issue 5, pp 869-883 First online: 17 June 2015 Establishing Quercus ilex under Mediterranean dry conditions: sowing recalcitrant acorns versus planting seedlings at different depths and tube shelter light transmissionsJuan A. OlietAffiliated withDepartamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, E.T.S. Ingenieros de Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Email author View author's OrcID profile , Alberto Vázquez de CastroAffiliated withDepartamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, E.T.S. Ingenieros de Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Jaime PuértolasAffiliated withLancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University $39.95 / €34.95 / £29.95 * Rent the article at a discount Rent now * Final gross prices may vary according to local VAT. Get Access AbstractSuccess of Mediterranean dry areas restoration with oaks is a challenging goal. Testing eco-techniques that mimic beneficial effects of natural structures and ameliorate stress contributes to positive solutions to overcoming establishment barriers. We ran a factorial experiment in a dry area, testing two levels of solid wall transmission of tube shelters (60 and 80 %) plus a control mesh, and two depths (shallow and 15 cm depth) of placing either planted seedlings or acorns of Quercus ilex. Microclimate of the planting or sowing spots was characterized by measuring photosynthetically active radiation, temperature and relative humidity. Plant response was evaluated in terms of survival, phenology, acorn emergence and photochemical efficiency (measured through chlorophyll fluorescence). We hypothesize that tube shelters and deep planting improve Q. ilex post-planting and sowing performance because of the combined effects of reducing excessive radiation and improving access to moist soil horizons. Results show that temperature and PAR was reduced, and relative humidity increased, in deep spots. Midsummer photochemical efficiency indicates highest level of stress for oaks in 80 % light transmission shelter. Optimum acorn emergence in spring was registered within solid wall tree shelters, and maximum summer survival of germinants and of planted seedlings occurred when acorns or seedlings were placed at 15 cm depth irrespectively of light transmission of shelter. Survival of germinants was similar to that of planted seedlings. The importance of techniques to keep high levels of viability after sowing recalcitrant seeds in the field is emphasized in the study

Analytical method to measure bending deformations in prismatic optical films

The aim of this work is to provide an analytical method based on experimental measurements in order to obtain the prismatic film deformation for different curvatures of Hollow Cylindrical Prismatic Light Guides (CPLG). To conform cylindrical guides is necessary bend the film to guide the light, changes induced by curving the film give rise to deformation shifts. Light losses affected by deformation has been experimentally evaluated and numerically analyzed. The effect of deformation in prism angle is specially increased for CPLG of curvatures higher than 20 m-1. An experimental method for accurate transmittance measurements related to bending is presented.

Los efectos de la globalización sobre el sector económico-industrial y la sociedad de Puerto Rico

Los dramáticos cambios y avances tecnológicos, científicos y en las comunicaciones de los pasados 50 años han enfrentado a Puerto Rico con escenarios marcadamente complejos. A pesar de que la globalización tiende a ser considerada como un conjunto de variables económicas, este concepto trasciende esos límites y abarca otros aspectos fundamentales de la sociedad, tales como la política, la ideología, la comunicación, el medioambiente y la cultura, cuyos efectos han sido, y previsiblemente serán, críticos en muchos ámbitos en Puerto Rico. Por otro lado, desde su colonización en 1507 hasta el presente, Puerto Rico ha mantenido un estatus político de territorio o colonia bajo España o Estados Unidos de América y no han existido acuerdos para su autodeterminación como nación soberana o para su completa anexión a los Estados Unidos. El propósito principal de esta investigación es indagar en este marco general y analizar cuáles han sido los efectos de la globalización sobre el sector económicoindustrial y laboral de Puerto Rico, haciendo un recorrido por la macroeconomía, la cultura, la sociedad y la situación política. Ello nos ha llevado a documentar cómo la situación política afecta al desarrollo del sector industrial y, en consecuencia, al progreso de la Isla. El trabajo concluye evidenciando la relación que se establece entre los factores económicos, sociales y políticos y mostrando la necesidad de resolver la encrucijada del estatus colonial de Puerto Rico, lo cual implica la puesta en marcha de un proceso de reflexión colectiva, al que este trabajo pretende contribuir, que en última instancia culmine con la puesta en práctica de reformas en lo social, político y económico...

Memorias políticas y económicas sobre los frutos, comercio, fábricas y minas de España : con inclusion de los reales decretos, ordenes, cedulas, aranceles y ordenanazas expedidas para su gobierno y fomento.

Mode of access: Internet.

Manual historico, cronologico y geografico de los Imperios, Reynos, Pontifices, Emperadores, y Reyes que ha habido en Europa desde el Nacimiento de Christo hasta el fin del año de 1787... /

Mode of access: Internet.