814 resultados para Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA).
Resumo:
Considering the high competitivity in the market, the application of quantitative methods can assist in analyzing the efficiency of production facilities of areas of export and import processes of the chemical industry sector. In this sense, this work aims to apply the model GPDEA-BCC optimization in order to develop an analysis of the production units of this chemical industry. So, were chosen variables relevant to the process and elaborated a final comparison between the results obtained by the optimization tool and performance indexes provided by the company. These results indicated that some production units should be monitored more carefully because some of them had a low efficiency when analyzed with multi criteria
Resumo:
Considering the high competitivity in the market, the application of quantitative methods can assist in analyzing the efficiency of production facilities of areas of export and import processes of the chemical industry sector. In this sense, this work aims to apply the model GPDEA-BCC optimization in order to develop an analysis of the production units of this chemical industry. So, were chosen variables relevant to the process and elaborated a final comparison between the results obtained by the optimization tool and performance indexes provided by the company. These results indicated that some production units should be monitored more carefully because some of them had a low efficiency when analyzed with multi criteria
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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG
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Organizational change is occurring in the Brazilian agribusiness from sugar cane in recent decades. Aspects of management in this sector are being changed due to the importance of its products, especially ethanol and electricity. It is observed in the literature a lack of quantitative studies in this Brazilian sector, particularly the selection of sugarcane varieties for planting. This study proposes the use of Goal Programming (GP) with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to select efficient varieties of sugarcane for planting in a sugar and ethanol milling company. The study allowed the identification of efficient sugarcane varieties. This way, it helped the company to make more reliable decisions, favoring the increase of productivity
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A Gestão Pública tem incorporado boas práticas de administração mediante foco no resultado eficiente e na transparência. A utilização de indicadores de desempenho exerce um papel fundamental para espelhar a real situação do órgão e suas possibilidades de melhoria. No caso específico das universidades federais, o Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU) estabeleceu um conjunto de nove indicadores a serem medidos por essas unidades e divulgados através de seus relatórios de gestão. A dificuldade interpretativa advinda de visualizar, simultaneamente, esses critérios avaliativos contidos nesse conjunto e suas interdependências, fomentou a elaboração desta pesquisa. O estudo objetiva analisar e sintetizar o conjunto de indicadores de desempenho, atinentes a 53 universidades federais, referentes aos anos de 2008 a 2010, a fim de identificar um modelo de simplificação para auxiliar os controles interno e externo. A metodologia utilizada é a da Análise Fatorial, uma técnica estatística multivariada de interdependência, e pouco explorada em pesquisas anteriores nessa temática, além de testes de regressão linear e da Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), esta já amplamente utilizada na literatura, a fim de possibilitar ratificar as associações e interpretações dos resultados. Os testes mostraram uma aderência satisfatória da técnica aos dados coletados, permitindo identificar dois fatores que pudessem explicar 61,8% do conjunto informacional original. Com ratificação da DEA, esses fatores foram associados ao desempenho e ao custo, e a relação entre os dois foi interpretada como um índice de eficiência. O fator atrelado ao desempenho foi intitulado o indicador sumarizado de todo o conjunto estabelecido pelo TCU, tendo sido encontrado correlação alta e significativa com o Ranking Universitário Folha, mostrando que eles possuem semelhantes poderes discriminantes, mesmo tendo sido oriundos de bases de cálculo distintas. Ademais, destacam-se os seguintes resultados complementares: 1) Embora o custo influencie para o desempenho das universidades federais, ele não é preponderante, mas os indicadores de envolvimento com a pós-graduação e qualificação do corpo docente são os mais relevantes; 2) Os indicadores de resultado não sofrem muita influência do custo, sobretudo o de recursos humanos (funcionários), mostrando que de uma maneira geral há ineficiência na gestão de pessoal das universidades; 3) A utilização da DEA mostrou que a escolha das variáveis realmente pode redundar em resultados distintos e não correlatos significativamente, apresentando uma limitação quanto à certificação dos escores de eficiência obtidos.
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No mundo todo busca-se a melhoria da qualidade das universidades através de avaliações periódicas. Também no Brasil tem sido realizado um grande esforço para a avaliação de universidades, especialmente as públicas. A departamentalização, vigente desde 1968, teve como conseqüência a separação entre o sistema administrativo e o acadêmico, com diferentes instâncias decisórias, diminuindo a integração e a flexibilidade da universidade. Essa situação vai de encontro ao que a sociedade atual está demandando: uma universidade dinâmica, que acompanhe as tendências tecnológicas, com alto nível de qualidade. Nesse contexto é que surge o interesse pela avaliação de departamentos de uma universidade, para verificar se estes, funcionando de uma maneira distinta, apresentam desempenhos similares. Mais especificamente, procura-se, neste trabalho: (1) definir, qualitativamente, os fatores relevantes para uma avaliação quantitativa multicriterial de departamentos acadêmicos de uma universidade; (2) efetuar comparação objetiva, via modelagem matemática, do desempenho dos departamentos; (3) diferenciar departamentos quanto à sua eficiência relativa; e (4) identificar os fatores que fazem departamentos serem mais (ou menos) eficientes. Focaliza-se a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), de grande relevância no cenário nacional, com cursos de elevada qualidade, embora nem todos com o mesmo nível de excelência. O estudo emprega uma modelagem matemática, utilizando a técnica denominada Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA, do inglês “Data Envelopment Analysis”). A aplicação da técnica aos departamentos da UFRGS oferece um mapeamento por eficiência relativa que, em vez de meramente criar uma escala ordinal (ranking), mostra o quanto um departamento é menos eficiente do que outro, em uma escala relacional, indicando, ainda, quais são os fatores que determinam eficiências distintas para os departamentos. Os resultados do estudo permitem: (1) destacar alguns pontos de ineficiência, que podem ser melhorados; (2) identificar características de departamentos mais eficientes, que possam ser repassadas aos menos eficientes, para que estes elevem seu desempenho; e (3) contribuir para a homogeneização da eficiência de todos os departamentos acadêmicos da UFRGS, com o intuito de aperfeiçoar a universidade como um todo.
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A ineficiência nas cortes brasileiras tem sido objeto de debates nos círculos acadêmicos e empresariais desde há muito tempo. Entretanto, grande parte das discussões tem sido baseada em “achismos”, senso comum e evidências anedóticas. Pouca ou nenhuma pesquisa empírica tem sido desenvolvida na literatura nacional. Esta tese oferece uma análise qualitativa e quantitativa do Judiciário brasileiro, usando a perspectiva da Análise Econômica do Direito (ou Law and Economics). Primeiro, discutimos como as instituições, de maneira geral, e as instituições legais, de maneira específica tornaram-se objetos de interesse dos economistas. Isso relaciona-se com o surgimento da Economia Institucional, e mais precisamente, da Nova Economia Institucional nos anos 1960s. Desde então, muitos trabalhos empíricos na área têm surgido, enfatizando a importância da qualidade das instituições (legais) na economia. A Análise Econômica do Direito desenvolveu-se dentro deste contexto. Oferecemos então uma análise descritiva da atual situação (crítica) do Judiciário brasileiro. Apresentamos as explicações “tradicionais” para a ineficiência, mais comumente a falta de recursos e a má qualidade do direito processual. No entanto, oferecemos explicações alternativas, que questionam a ênfase normalmente dada à quantidade de recursos e, ao invés disso, focam na qualidade da gestão das cortes como a principal fonte de (in) eficiência. Depois, empregaremos a Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) para medir empiricamente a eficiência relativa dos Tribunais Estaduais brasileiros. Os resultados indicam que ela varia significativamente entre os estados e pode não ser unicamente explicada pela falta de recursos disponíveis para cada corte. Finalmente, testamos uma das mais conhecidas hipóteses da literatura brasileira da Análise Econômica do Direito: que os juízes tendem a favorecer os devedores contratuais, ou seja, que eles têm um viés pró-devedor em seus julgamentos. Baseados em 1.687 decisões do Superior Tribunal de Justiça mostramos que tal viés não existe de forma consistente entre os juízes brasileiros, pelo menos não entre os Ministros do STJ. Entretanto, as decisões parecem ser inconsistentes ao longo do tempo, algo que pode gerar alto grau de incerteza. Desejamos com esta tese fazer uma contribuição tornando a análise econômica do Judiciário mais empírica, menos baseada em “achismos”, anedotas ou no senso comum.
Resumo:
The definition of the boundaries of the firms is subject that has occupied the organizational theorists long ago, being the seminal work of Coase (1937) indicated as the trigger for one theoretical evolution, with emphasis on governance structures, which led to a modern theory of incomplete contracts. The Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) and Agency Theory arise within this evolution, being widely used in studies related to the theme. Empirically, data envelopment analysis (DEA) has established itself as a suitable tool for analysis of efficiency. Although TCE argues that specific assets must be internalized, recent studies outside the mainstream of theory show that, often, firms may decide, for various reasons, hire them on the market. Researches on transaction costs face with the unavailability of information and methodological difficulties in measuring their critical variables. There`s still the need for further methodological deepening. The theoretical framework includes classic works of TCE and Agency Theory, but also more recent works, outside the mainstream of TCE, which warn about the existence of strategies in use of specific assets that aren`t necessarily aligned with the classical ideas of TCE. The Brazilian oil industry is the focus of this thesis, that aimed to evaluate the efficiency of contracts involving high specificity service outsourced by Petrobras. In order to this, we made the categorization of outsourced services in terms of specificity, as well the description of services with higher specificity. Then, we verified the existence of relationship between the specificity of services and a number of variables, being found divergent results than those that are preached by the mainstream of TCE. Then, we designed a DEA model to analyze the efficiency in the use of onshore drilling rigs, identified among the services of highest specificity. The next step was the application of the model to evaluate the performance of drilling rigs contracts. Finally, we verified the existence of relationship between the efficiency of contracts and a number of variables, being found, again, results not consistent with the theory mainstream. Regarding to analyze of efficiency of drilling rigs contracts, the model developed is compatible with what is found in academic productions in efficiency of drilling rigs. The results on efficiency show a wide range of scores, with efficiencies ranging from 31.79% to 100%, being low the sample efficiency average. There is consonance between the model results and the practices adopted by Petrobras. The results strengthen the DEA as an important tool in studies of efficiency with possibility to use for analysis other types of contracts. In terms of theoretical findings, the results reinforce the arguments that there are situations in which the strategies of the organizations, in terms of use of assets and services of high specificity, do not necessarily follow what is recommended by the mainstream of TCE
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This paper aims to measure the degree of efficiency in the allocation of public resources in education from the FUNDEB in elementary education in the towns of Rio Grande do Norte in 2007 and 2011. To do so, we must determine to evaluate the efficiency in the allocation of public resources in municipal education in the early and last grades of elementary education; verify that the towns that achieved higher levels of efficiency that were allocated the largest volumes of resources in primary education and analyze which towns reached the worst and the best levels of efficiency in the allocation of public resources in education. This is on the assumption that the relation between the educational policies of local governments and concern for efficiency in the allocation of resources in education is limited only to increase spending on education. It is intended from the model of Data Envelopment analysis, (DEA), with Variable Returns to Scale (VRS), estimate the efficiency of spending on education and municipal pubic purging the problem of outliers. Estimations show that the municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte do not allocate their resources in public elementary education efficiently
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The sugarcane industry has been important in the Brazilian economy since the colonial period. The search for alternative energy sources has gained more prominence, by offering a product generating clean energy. With the opening of the Brazilian economy, the sector has undergone transformations operating in a free market environment requiring greater efficiency and competitiveness of those involved in order to stay in business. This scenario is producer/supplier independent, and social aspects related to their stay in the market. Although its share in sugarcane production is smaller than the plant itself, it is still considerable having reached around 20% to 25% in 2008 by employing labor, also production factors had an important economic impact in the regions where they operate. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the economic efficiency and production of independent sugarcane producers in the state of Paraná through the DEA model. The Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric technique that, using linear programming constructs production borders from production units that employ similar technological processes to transform inputs into outputs.The results showed that of the total surveyed, 13.56% had maximum efficiency (an efficiency score equal to 1). The average efficiency under variable returns to scale (BCC-DEA) was 0.71024. One can thus conclude that for the majority of the samples collected, it might be better use of available resources to the in order to obtain the economic efficiency of the production process.
Resumo:
Formal education, understood by the gradual process that occurs at school, aims at learning and systematic knowledge is of great interest to society as it benefits its individuals and leads to many positive effects, such as increased productivity and welfare (Johnes, Johnes, 2007). Understanding what influences the educational outcome is as important as the result itself, because lets you manage these variables in order to obtain a better student performance. This work uses the data envelopment analysis (DEA) to compare the efficiency of Rio Grande do Norte schools. In this nonparametric method, an efficiency frontier was construct from the best schools that use the inputs set to generate educational products. Therefore, the data used were obtain by Test Brazil and year 2011 School Census to state and municipal schools of Rio Grande do Norte. Some of the variables considered as inputs and outputs have been obtain directly these bases - the other two were prepared, using the Item Response Theory (IRT) - they are the socioeconomic and school infrastructure indices. As a first step, we compared several DEA models, with changes of input variables. Then was chose the non-discretionary model for which was deep the analysis of results. The results showed that only seven schools were efficient in the 5th and 9th grades simultaneously; there were no significant differences between the efficiency of municipal and state schools; and there were no differences between large and small schools. Analyzing the municipalities, Mossoró excelled in both years with the highest proportion of efficient schools. Finally, the study suggests that using the projections provided by the DEA method, the most inefficient schools would be able to achieve the goal IDEB in 2011, in other words, it is possible to improve the education of significant state taking the efficient schools as a basis for too much.
Resumo:
The definition of the boundaries of the firms is subject that has occupied the organizational theorists long ago, being the seminal work of Coase (1937) indicated as the trigger for one theoretical evolution, with emphasis on governance structures, which led to a modern theory of incomplete contracts. The Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) and Agency Theory arise within this evolution, being widely used in studies related to the theme. Empirically, data envelopment analysis (DEA) has established itself as a suitable tool for analysis of efficiency. Although TCE argues that specific assets must be internalized, recent studies outside the mainstream of theory show that, often, firms may decide, for various reasons, hire them on the market. Researches on transaction costs face with the unavailability of information and methodological difficulties in measuring their critical variables. There`s still the need for further methodological deepening. The theoretical framework includes classic works of TCE and Agency Theory, but also more recent works, outside the mainstream of TCE, which warn about the existence of strategies in use of specific assets that aren`t necessarily aligned with the classical ideas of TCE. The Brazilian oil industry is the focus of this thesis, that aimed to evaluate the efficiency of contracts involving high specificity service outsourced by Petrobras. In order to this, we made the categorization of outsourced services in terms of specificity, as well the description of services with higher specificity. Then, we verified the existence of relationship between the specificity of services and a number of variables, being found divergent results than those that are preached by the mainstream of TCE. Then, we designed a DEA model to analyze the efficiency in the use of onshore drilling rigs, identified among the services of highest specificity. The next step was the application of the model to evaluate the performance of drilling rigs contracts. Finally, we verified the existence of relationship between the efficiency of contracts and a number of variables, being found, again, results not consistent with the theory mainstream. Regarding to analyze of efficiency of drilling rigs contracts, the model developed is compatible with what is found in academic productions in efficiency of drilling rigs. The results on efficiency show a wide range of scores, with efficiencies ranging from 31.79% to 100%, being low the sample efficiency average. There is consonance between the model results and the practices adopted by Petrobras. The results strengthen the DEA as an important tool in studies of efficiency with possibility to use for analysis other types of contracts. In terms of theoretical findings, the results reinforce the arguments that there are situations in which the strategies of the organizations, in terms of use of assets and services of high specificity, do not necessarily follow what is recommended by the mainstream of TCE