1000 resultados para Aerogeradores de uso urbano


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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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In the last 60 years, many Brazilian cities practically doubled their population contingent. As a result of this process, there was an increase on the occupation level on unstable areas, from a physical point of view, and on the anthropogenic interventions at the natural ambient, reorganizing the existent process and forms. Thus, this work shows the results of the analysis of geomorphological changes deriving from urbanization processes at the Lavapés Stream watershed, located at Rio Claro county (SP). The goal of this work was reached by means of historical-evolutionary geomorphological cartography. To achieve this result, it had been prepared geomorphological and land usage charts for the years of 1962, 1988 and 2010, and a declivity chart. Those scenarios have been analyzed from the point of view of the General Systems Theory. The results were attached into an urban use restrictions chart, which allowed identifying the areas that should not be occupied, by geomorphological view and by environmental law restrictions

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Man can transform the nature according to their needs through technique which enables agriculture, cattle raising, constructions of buildings for housing, transport routes, etc. This action has brought significant transformations to the environment, and relief is one of the most changed elements, mainly at urban areas, which concentrates most of the Brazilian population. In these areas geomorphologic systems have undergone alterations in their flow of matter and energy by the action of man. Thus, it is possible o understand the action of man as geomorphologic action, nowadays, the tecnógeno, since the human action can interfere qualitatively and quantitatively in the input and output of these systems. The anthropic geomorphology has contributed to the analyses of the effects due to the urbanization at the form and at the geomorphologic process in the urban watersheds, indicating the transformations at the shape of the relief and the alterations due to the acceleration of the flow of matter and energy. From these questions, this study had the main diagnose the anthropogenic changes of the relief at the basin of Corrego do Jardim São João, Araras (SP), comparing two scenes, 1997 and 2006, through geomorphological mapping evolutionary in the area. The geomorphological feature altered at the basin are directly linked to the use of soil, mainly at the urban use, which caused effects in the relief at the studied area, making possible to define periods of the urban evolution and impacts caused by the urbanization. Among the changes it was found the decrease of the topographic breaks and at the riverbed channels, as the increase of the accumulation of the plain and riverbed terrace. The elaboration of a letter of the legal restrictions of the basin make possible to evaluate some of the environmental urban problems that occur, which are due to the occupation of the relief in the areas of permanent preservation that brings significant impacts to...

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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En este artículo se sintetizan avances en la literatura relacionados con demandas, precios y costes del agua en distintos sectores, y el papel que los métodos y modelos económicos pueden jugar en el diseño de instrumentos y políticas eficientes para la gestión del agua en el nuevo contexto institucional definido por la DMA. Se analiza de forma específica la contribución de la Economía en la gestión del agua en la agricultura y en el uso urbano, y los distintos métodos para determinar el valor económico del agua en el medio ambiente. Tras esto se presenta el estado del arte de modelos que integran oferta y demanda a escala de cuenca acoplando hidrología, gestión y economía (modelos hidroeconómicos), y diversas aplicaciones a la resolución de problemas de gestión de recursos hídricos. Concluimos con un análisis de tendencias y retos futuros en el papel de los modelos y el análisis económico en la gestión de los recursos hídricos.

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La gestión del servicio de abastecimiento de agua es un tema de muy relevante y de plena actualidad, no solo en España sino a nivel mundial. En España, desde la forma de prestación del servicio a través de la gestión directa o la gestión indirecta, o el tipo en sí de gestión indirecta que se desarrolle –empresa privada, pública o mixta- dan como resultado prácticamente tantas situaciones como ayuntamientos existen ya que la competencia es municipal, según reconoce la Ley de Bases de Régimen Local. La heterogeneidad de circunstancias de gestión de los recursos hídricos, la fragmentación de un sector clave y la falta de indicadores comparables entre diferentes opciones para la prestación de este servicio, parece indicar la necesidad de apostar por la creación de un ente regulador independiente dada la naturaleza monopolística del sector del abastecimiento y el saneamiento, junto con el carácter esencial del bien que se gestiona. Mientras que las instituciones gubernamentales dictan las políticas generales a través de leyes y reglamentos, los operadores -públicos, privados o mixtos- son los responsables de prestar los servicios a la población, y sería el órgano regulador quien velaría por el cumplimiento de las normas. El MAGRAMA está estudiando la posibilidad de elaborar una Ley sobre el Ciclo Integral del Agua de Uso Urbano con las dificultades que esto tiene en consideración a las competencias de las Comunidades Autónomas, lo que sin duda ayudaría a homologar la gestión del agua urbana en España, regulando un monopolio natural, ahora en manos de más de 8.100 municipios y un reducido número de empresas concesionarias, auténticas detentadoras de estos servicios. En este trabajo tratamos de analizar las ventajas que supondría para España contar con una agencia de regulación similar a las existentes en numerosos países, tanto europeos como de América Latina.

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Para la planificación del Ordenamiento Territorial de Santo Domingo se aplicó métodos basados en el análisis Geomorfométrico del territorio, fundamentalmente pendientes, relieve relativo y densidad de drenaje; variables de apoyo para determinar la Capacidad Sustentante del territorio, principalmente para el uso urbano.Las variables morfométricas se cuantificaron primeramente en forma individual y posteriormente se categorizó para establecer las correlaciones espaciales, a través de las cuales, se llegó a la Zonificación de la Capacidad Sustentable. Se debe entender por capacidad sustentable del territorio la capacidad de soporte físico sobre el cual se desarrollan todas las actividades de tipo antrópico.  Una vez realizada la zonificación se concluyó que un 49% del territorio posee condición adecuada para uso urbano y un 23% posee limitantes extremas. 

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La microcuenca del río Segundo es parte de la principal zona de explotación hídrica, en la región Central de Costa Rica. Razón por la cual se realiza un diagnóstico de la disponibilidad del recur-so hídrico en  la microcuenca del río Segundo, e  identifcar  las áreas con mayor problemática de disponibilidad de recurso hídrico. Para ello se calculó un balance hídrico mensual, según uso del suelo, unidad geomorfológica y zona climática. Con base en este balance se calculó y clasifcó la disponibilidad del recurso en cuatro categorías de las cuales se identifcan en la microcuenca dos categorías: media y moderada. Las áreas de media disponibilidad del recurso hídrico se encuentran en la cuenca alta, en el uso de suelo bosque, lo que evidencia la necesidad de mantener y aumentar las áreas de bosque. Las áreas de moderada disponibilidad se encuentran cerca de las áreas urbanas por lo que se debe regular la expansión del uso urbano porque existe una limitante. En la micro-cuenca no existen áreas de baja disponibilidad de recurso hídrico lo que demuestra que la oferta es sufciente. Sin embargo, ya existe una presión importante sobre el recurso hídrico pues más de la mitad del área de la microcuenca se encuentra con una disponibilidad moderada.

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Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Sanitária

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Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Sanitária

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Tesis (Maestría en Economía con Especialidad en Economía Industrial) U.A.N.L.

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El legado cultural, producto de las tradiciones de cada grupo poblacional, queda plasmado en el territorio por medio de objetos que hacen parte del Patrimonio Construido. Este, debe ser perdurable en el tiempo, manteniendo viva su esencia al evocar una época o hecho particular. Para dicha preservación, las sociedades han desarrollado un gran arsenal de herramientas, pero, ¿Es realmente adecuada su conservación? ¿El Patrimonio Construido realmente cumple una función acorde al territorio donde se ubica? Frente a estos dos grandes cuestionamientos se apela a la gestión y el desarrollo urbano como la disciplina idónea para intervenir el patrimonio, ya que genera una aproximación multidisciplinar en donde la gestión y la toma de decisiones concernientes al patrimonio se dan de forma eficiente, logrando conservar un legado del pasado a la vez que cumplir una función en el presente acorde a las dinámicas cambiantes de un asentamiento humano.

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o desenvolvimento urbano tem produzido -inúmeras dificuldades referentes ã ocupação do solo, cujo contro le está a cargo dos Municlpios, embora haja interferência das outras esferas governamentais. Os instrumentos normalmente util~zados têm-se mostrado insuficientes para regular com resultados positivos essa ocupação, sendo necessária a busca de novos meios para fazer frente ao problema. o imposto predial e territorial urbano - IPTU, por sua vez, embora permitindo, por suas caracterlsticas, sua utilização com esse objetivo, não tem sido posto em pri _tica regularmente com outra finalidade que não seja a de constituir-se em fonte de receita municipal. O instituto da extrafiscalidade, por meio do qual se pode dar outras funções ao IPTU, vem sendo pratic~ do basicamente sob duas formas, a da isenção e a da redução do imposto, como se pod~ ver de numerosos exemplos encontr~ dos no pals. Quando aplicado de modo inovador, teve sua constitucionalidade rejeitada pelos tribunais, por vlcio na • I •• elaboração da lei (casa do Municlpio de Americana), ou nao surtiu os efeitos esperados, pelo próprio abandono da ideia (caso do Projeto CURA). A conjugação da extrafiscalidade ao IPTU, forme proposto neste trabalho, ao tempo em que atende con -as preliminares-constitucionais-legais, pode ser útil aos Muni clpios que se defrontam com o problema da urbanização acelerada, malgrado empecilhos de caráter administrativo que possa conter, superáveis mediante esforço a ser realizado pela Administração municipal.

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The use of Natural Gas Vehicle has had a fast increase lately. However, in order to have a continuous success this Program needs to develop converting devices of Otto-cycle engines, gasoline or alcohol, to the use of NGV (Natural Gas Vehicle) that presents low cost, maintaining the same original development of the vehicle and low level of emissions, considering the PROCONVE rules. Due to the need to diversify the matrix in order to avoid energetic dependence and due to strict pollution control, it has increased in the Brazilian market the number of vehicles converted to the use of NGV. The recent regulation of the PROCONVE, determining that the converted engines with kits should be submitted to emission testing, comes to reinforce the necessity of the proposed development. Therefore, if we can obtain kits with the characteristics already described, we can reach a major trust in the market and obtain an increase acceptance of the vehicle conversion for NGV. The use of natural gas as vehicle fuel presents several advantages in relation to liquid fuels. It is a vehicle fuel with fewer indexes of emissions when compared to diesel; their combustion gases are less harmful, with a major level of safety than liquid fuels and the market price is quite competitive. The preoccupation that emerges, and the motivation of this project, is to know which are the main justifications for such technology, well accepted in other countries, with a low index or emission, with a high level of safety, where its maintenance becomes low, reminding that for this it is necessary that this technology has to be used properly, and once available in the market will not motivate interest in the urban transportation companies in Brazil, in research centers in general. Therefore this project exists to show the society in a general way the current vision of the main governmental factors, of the national research centers and of the private companies concerning the use of natural gas vehicles in urban transport vehicles, in order to give a major reliability to the population as well as to motivate national market competitiveness with a low cost and reliable product and to enrich the national technology

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This research aimed to analyze the forms of ownership and use of urban land in Cidade Nova, third official neighborhood of Natal (Rio Grande do Norte), between 1901 and 1929. During this period, the city and state authorities began an urban renewal, trying to transform the city, represent it as a new, modernized, able to track the progress and the new political condition of the capital of a republican state. It is observed in Cidade Nova construction of a new material and symbolic territory: the area that was once occupied by huts built by refugees of drought and some summer houses, was, from 1901, transformed, scanned through a urban plan. In Natal various municipal resolutions published between 1901-1929, showed the desires of the group leader to build on Cidade Nova neighborhood a delightful, modernized its structures to reflect the new political condition of the capital of a republican state. The analyzes of the edicts of the materials published in the newspapers A Republica and Diário do Natal, and especially the study of letters of aforamento, demonstrated how many laws were not enforced or resignified, highlighting the existing continuities. Thus, throughout the paper aims to examine how this territory was occupied and used by its inhabitants, such as the granting of land in aforamento may exemplify this practice and noncompliance and how the land was used to consolidate relations of influence and power. After all, the values given to a space, turning it into territory, resulting from the social dimension of this space, in other words, the social categories that use it. Cannot be, therefore, analyze the ways of appropriation and use of urban land in the third neighborhood of Natal without studying individuals who appropriated and used this territory. The study of the allocation of extant aforamentos of land located in this neighborhood process demonstrated the formation of a specific type of market that were at stake not only economic exchanges, but also, and above all symbolic exchanges involving political and social capital. The analysis of such personnel developed market with the lands of Cidade Nova may indicate the existing relations of power between state government, Stewardship and tenants, providing a significant example of this modernization Natal early twentieth century process, guided by a more wealthy group and influential and characterized by limited social changes