A medida cautelar na ação direta de inconstitucionalidade: uma abordagem pela perspectiva do princípio do acesso à justiça

The present study deals with the caution measure in the direct action of inconstitutionality. The treatment given to the approach is through the principle of access to justice. For this, a construction of the juridical content in the principle of access to justice is proposed, without losing the focus of its characteristic as a metajuridical principle, which is presented in the constitutional field as a fundamental right, generator of a new universality, destined to guarantee the prevalence of an adequate juridical tutelage. Some challenges of the concretizing hermeutics are still shown to give way to principle of access to justice, dealing with certain limitations and proposals. The direct action of inconstitutionality in face of the dissertation, begins to focus on the presentation of the tutelage of urgency, differentiating it from the other brief tutelage and elevating it to the condition of instrument which is indispensable to the principle of access to justice. In the most specific field of the abstract control of constitutionality, the characteristics of the objective process are defined, their sources, amongst which the regimental norms of the Federal Supreme Court and their role in the new constitutional reality. Finally, the caution measure in the direct action of inconstitutionality is presented by the perspective of principle of access to justice, identifying some points: the interpretations of the principle of the natural judge to adapt him to the aspect of continuous and temporarily adequate juridical account, especially when concerned to emergency; the analysis of facts in the direct action; the bonding objective effects and the erga omnes; the effect over the factual and normative plan; the effect of the caution measure over other processes and over the prescriptional course; the polemic of the possibility of caution measure in direct action of inconstitutionality through omission

O município brasileiro e o direito fundamental do acesso à justiça: a prestação da assistência jurídica municipal ao necessitado

This scholarly work aims to investigate the feasibility and constitutionality of access to justice through the provision of full and free legal assistance by the Brazilian municipalities. Investigates the historical aspects of federalism in a global context, emphasizing the contributions left by American federalism. In the Brazilian context, emphasizing the importance of municipalities as federal entities and their outstanding characteristics, while addressing regional issues of federalism. Leanings to the more detailed analysis of the Brazilian municipalities, contextualizing its legal status, its independence and its constitutional powers. It is emphasized in the same way, the relevant transformations of Brazilian municipalities over the last twenty years of this Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil in 1988, especially the various constitutional amendments that affected the local autonomy and budgetary aspects, fiscal and skills, bringing significant changes to the municipalities. It is an approach to the concept of justice and deepening the studies on the fundamental right of access to justice in its various connotations. In this vein, it is a study on the legal advice provided in Brazil, especially the powers of the Public Defender of the States and Union, as well as the provision of such public service by Brazilian municipalities and its relevance to citizens in need. At this point, it deepens the relevance of the theme of this dissertation earning the implications of municipal performance in the provision of legal assistance provided to the needy, and the activity of the Municipal Attorney or legal counsel in conducting such a task and its implications for legal and procedural especially on the constitutionality or otherwise of the conduct of such public service, confronting the constitutional articles that are correlated with the subject. Within this context, evaluates the municipal legal assistance under the test of constitutionality, in particular the assistance given by the Executive, through the Municipal Attorney or specialized secretariats and that provided by the Legislature, although it only has the typical functions of legislating and control the municipal accounts, comes in a few municipalities in Brazil deploying sectors with the performance of legal services to the needy. At this point the thesis, one wonders if some important aspects of this activity such as political influence and patronage, very common in day-to-day municipal prosecutors and legal advisers, public employees or occupying commissioned positions within the municipal administrative structure in several municipalities throughout Brazil. Finally, there will be a conclusion as to the constitutionality of the service being done by presenting proposals and recommendations that may improve the municipal legal aid, allowing a constitutional backing to this important service is being provided in capital cities and municipalities throughout the length of Brazil

Acesso à justiça enquanto direito fundamental: efetivação pela defensoria pública

The Federal Constitution of 1988 is recognized for its enlargement in the face of large amount of provisions that make it up, among which many are fundamental rights. The fundamental rules set up the foundation of a democratic state, however, are the necessary legal mechanisms to be effective, its exercise is not enough merely to state them, but to offer ways for them to stop being just written standard on paper, and come to be viewed and exercised day-to-day. In this sense, access to justice presents itself in our times, as a cornerstone for a just society dictates. In this light, access to justice can be seen as the most fundamental of rights, which translates as instruments able to safeguard the fundamental rights not only against the action/omission violating the state but also the very particular. Furthermore, access to justice within the legal country, is not right for everyone, despite the willingness of the Citizen Charter in its article 5, paragraph LXXIV, ensuring that the State shall provide full and free legal assistance to those in need. More than half of the population lives in poverty and can´t afford to pay legal fees or court costs as well as a bump in their own ignorance of their rights. The judiciary, in their primary function, is in charge of trying to correct the violation of the rights, intending to effect a true distributive justice, serving as a paradigm for the promotion of substantive equality of human beings, however, is difficult and tortuous access Justice for those without financial resources. In this vein, we present the Public Defender, as keeper of the masses in its institutional role, defending a disadvantage, in the words, as a mechanism for effective access to justice, ensuring therefore fundamental rights. Public Defenders arise at the time or much discussion highlights the priority of actual access to justice, custody, therefore, intimate bond with the pursuit of fundamental rights, in which, that advance the broad range of rights, without whom could defend them or guardianship them

Processo eletrônico como instrumento de acesso à justiça

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

As fronteiras do acesso à justiça

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

A pessoa jurídica pobre na forma da lei e sua proteção constitucional de acesso à justiça

Inclui notas explicativas, bibliográficas e bibliografia

O acesso à justiça e o direito à educação infantil: um estudo sobre a atuação da defensoria pública do Estado de São Paulo

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em verificar a atuação da Defensoria Pública do Estado de São Paulo na proteção do direito à educação infantil para entender como esta desempenha a defesa do direito ao ensino infantil para os necessitados. O problema de pesquisa consiste em examinar o papel da Defensoria Pública na garantia do direito ao acesso às vagas em creches e pré-escolas para crianças de zero a cinco anos no Município de São Paulo. O presente estudo parte do marco teórico produzido, na década de 1970, a partir do relatório a respeito do Acesso à Justiça, de Mauro Cappelletti e Bryant Garth. Com essa finalidade foram realizados levantamento teórico e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Durante a pesquisa, a base territorial para a Defensoria Pública do Estado de São Paulo configura-se um desafio perante a expansão institucional instituída pela Emenda Constitucional n.º 80/2014 quanto diante da influência da demanda pela política pública de educação infantil municipal no tocante à oferta de vagas em creches e pré-escolas na capital do Estado. Verificou-se, ainda, que a legitimidade ativa da Defensoria Pública para a proposição da ação civil pública (Lei n.º 7.347/1985 alterada pela Lei n.º 11.448/2007) configura-se como ponto de intersecção entre a Defensoria Pública e o Ministério Público. Indicou-se, como horizonte para enfrentar esses desafios, o aperfeiçoamento de mecanismos de diálogo intrainstitucional e interinstitucional com os demais integrantes do sistema de justiça. Conclui-se pela necessidade de rever a condução interna pela Defensoria Pública do Estado de São Paulo das ações judiciais e extrajudiciais em casos de direitos difusos e coletivos a partir do contexto de litígio estratégico, tendo em vista a natureza plurilateral dos conflitos de justiça distributiva.

O acesso a justiça no estado do Maranhão e a implementação dos recursos do fundo especial para reaparelhamento do judiciário: a visão dos juízes de 1º grau

O direito à assistência está subsidiado pela Constituição Federal de 1988 como um direito fundamental de todos os cidadãos considerados hipossuficientes. Em face dessa gratuidade, direito fundamental, são protegidos e viabilizados outros princípios constitucionais maiores, como a igualdade entre os cidadãos, haja vista a desigualdade social e econômica evidenciadas na sociedade brasileira. Portanto, é imprescindível um instrumento que garanta o acesso à tutela jurisdicional. Através de pesquisa realizada com os magistrados das entrâncias do Estado do Maranhão, todos possuem conhecimento da finalidade do Fundo Especial para Reaparelhamento do Judiciário (FERJ), apenas um pequeno número dos juízes desconhecem o plano de elaboração e execução de programas e projetos para a modernização e o desenvolvimento dos serviços judiciários. Assim, torna-se grande o número de processos acumulados, em face do número insuficiente de juízes, além da burocracia excessiva que dificultam o andamento das ações. Conclui-se que, a reestruturação do Poder Judiciário no Maranhão não trouxe as melhorias esperadas.

Análise do processo judicial eletrônico (PJe) sob os parâmetros da discursividade processual e do acesso democrático à justiça

The conceptions of the judicial function, the process and the factors of legitimacy of the norm of decision are changed according to the model of State (liberal, social democratic and constitutional). The right of access to justice, likewise, follows the ideals present in constitutional movements experienced in different historical moments. The deficit of legitimacy of the judiciary is recurring subject of study in the doctrine, especially in the face of democratic standards that permeate the current paradigm of state. Under the process law, the essential element for the distinction of the states based on the rule of law (formal and material) and the democratic constitutional state lies in the democratic guarantee of participation to the litigants in the process of elaborating the norm of decision. The concern about the participatory democracy and the concretion of fundamental rights has as presupposition the conception of popular sovereignty. Keeping this effort in mind, the civil procedure cannot be oblivious to such considerations, especially when it justifies its constitutional conformation from the institutionalization of discourse within the procedural field (democratic principle) and of the democratization of access to justice, leading to the necessary contestation of the theory of instrumentality of the process. The democratic prospects of civil procedure and the concern about the legitimacy of the rule of decision cannot be moved away from the analysis of the judicial function and the elements that influence the legal suit s progress. The computerization of the judicial process entails extensive modification in the way the judicial function is developed, in view of automation of activities held, of the eliminating of bureaucratic tasks, manual and repetitive, and of streamlining the procedure. The objective of this study is to analyze the dogmatic changes and resulting practices from the implementation of the Judicial Electronic Process (JEP), prepared by the National Council of Justice, under the parameters of procedural discourse and democratic access to justice. Two hypotheses are raised, which, based on a bibliographic-documentary, applied and exploratory research, are contested dialectically. The expansion of publicity of procedural acts and the facilitating of communication and practice of such acts are elements that contribute to the effective participation of the recipients of the norm of decision in its making process and, therefore, the democratic principle in the procedural field. Ensuring access (to the parts) to the case files and reasonable duration of the process along with the preservation of its founding principles (contradictory, legal defense and isonomy) are essential to ensure democratic access to justice within the virtual system

Acesso ao direito e a democratização da justiça na assistência jurídica integral e gratuita contemporânea

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC