'Taking a sickie':Job satisfaction and job involvement as interactive predictors of absenteeism in a public organization

Correlations between absenteeism and work attitudes such as job satisfaction have often been found to be disappointingly weak. As prior work reveals, this might be due to ignoring interactive effects of attitudes with different attitude targets (e.g. job involvement and organizational commitment). Drawing on basic principles in personality research and insights about the situational variability of job satisfaction judgments, we proposed that similar interactions should be present also for attitudes with the same target. More specifically, it was predicted that job involvement affects absenteeism more if job satisfaction is low as this indicates a situation with weak constraints. Both attitudes were assessed in a sample of 436 employees working in a large civil service organization, and two indexes of absence data (frequency and time lost) were drawn from personnel records covering a 12-month period following the survey. Whereas simple correlations were not significant, a moderated regression documented that the hypothesized interaction was significant for both indicators of absence behaviour. As a range of controls (e.g. age, gender, job level) were accounted for, these findings lend strong support to the importance of this new, specific form of attitude interaction. Thus, we encourage researchers not only to consider interactions of attitudes with a different focus (e.g. job vs. organization) but also interactions between job involvement and job satisfaction as this will yield new insights into the complex function of attitudes in influencing absenteeism. �� 2007 The British Psychological Society.

A Model for Costing Absenteeism in Hotels

While absenteeism models have been developed and applied in the manufacturing industries, little work has been done on absenteeism in service industries. Due to the labor intensity of service industries, specifically the hotel industry, a model to track and quantify the costs of absenteeism could be useful to managers. The authors propose just such a model.

Obesity, diet quality and absenteeism in a working population

The relationship between workplace absenteeism and adverse lifestyle factors (smoking, physical inactivity and poor dietary patterns) remains ambiguous. Reliance on self-reported absenteeism and obesity measures may contribute to this uncertainty. Using objective absenteeism and health status measures, the present study aimed to investigate what health status outcomes and lifestyle factors influence workplace absenteeism. Cross-sectional data were obtained from a complex workplace dietary intervention trial, the Food Choice at Work Study. Four multinational manufacturing workplaces in Cork, Republic of Ireland. Participants included 540 randomly selected employees from the four workplaces. Annual count absenteeism data were collected. Physical assessments included objective health status measures (BMI, midway waist circumference and blood pressure). FFQ measured diet quality from which DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) scores were constructed. A zero-inflated negative binomial (zinb) regression model examined associations between health status outcomes, lifestyle characteristics and absenteeism. The mean number of absences was 2��5 (sd 4��5) d. After controlling for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, the zinb model indicated that absenteeism was positively associated with central obesity, increasing expected absence rate by 72 %. Consuming a high-quality diet and engaging in moderate levels of physical activity were negatively associated with absenteeism and reduced expected frequency by 50 % and 36 %, respectively. Being in a managerial/supervisory position also reduced expected frequency by 50 %. To reduce absenteeism, workplace health promotion policies should incorporate recommendations designed to prevent and manage excess weight, improve diet quality and increase physical activity levels of employees.

Uso da Classifica����o Internacional de Doen��as na an��lise do absente��smo odontol��gico

OBJETIVO: Comparar o uso das codifica����es da classifica����o de doen��as e agravos em solicita����es de afastamento do trabalho por motivo odontol��gico. M��TODOS: Foram analisadas 240 solicita����es emitidas em um servi��o p��blico federal entre janeiro de 2008 e dezembro de 2009. O uso da Classifica����o Estat��stica Internacional de Doen��as e Problemas Relacionados �� Sa��de - D��cima Revis��o (CID-10) foi comparado ao sistema de Classifica����o Internacional de Doen��as em Odontologia e Estomatologia (CID-OE). Foi determinada a especificidade da codifica����o nas solicita����es de afastamento, bem como da codifica����o atribu��da por peritos oficiais em inspe����es indiretas, per��cias e juntas odontol��gicas. RESULTADOS: Do total de atestados, 22,9% n��o apresentaram a CID, 7,1% apresentaram a CID-9, 3,3% a CID-OE e 66,7% a CID-10. A maioria das codifica����es foi concordante (55,1%), com maior especificidade nas codifica����es atribu��das ap��s avalia����o dos cirurgi��es-dentistas peritos oficiais. CONCLUS��ES: �� necess��rio aperfei��oar a utiliza����o da CID-10 entre os profissionais de Odontologia e per��cia odontol��gica no trabalho. Sugere-se a incorpora����o do uso da CID-OE e da Classifica����o Internacional de Funcionamento, Incapacidade e Sa��de para a an��lise dos afastamentos do trabalho, fornecendo dados relevantes para o monitoramento do absente��smo por motivo odontol��gico.

Validade e confiabilidade da vers��o brasileira do ��ndice de Capacidade para o Trabalho

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a validade e a confiabilidade da vers��o brasileira de ��ndice de capacidade para o trabalho. M��TODOS:Estudo transversal com amostra de 475 trabalhadores de empresa do setor el��trico no estado de S��o Paulo (dez munic��pios em Campinas e regi��o), realizado em 2005. Foram avaliados os seguintes aspectos da vers��o brasileira do ��ndice de Capacidade para o Trabalho: validade de construto, por meio de an��lise fatorial confirmat��ria e da capacidade discriminante; validade de crit��rio, correlacionado o escore do ��ndice com medidas de sa��de auto-referidas; e confiabilidade, por meio da an��lise da consist��ncia interna utilizando o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: A an��lise fatorial indicou tr��s fatores do construto capacidade para o trabalho: quest��es relativas aos "recursos mentais" (20,6% da vari��ncia), �� autopercep����o da capacidade para o trabalho (18,9% da vari��ncia) e �� presen��a de doen��as e limita����es decorrentes do estado de sa��de (18,4% da vari��ncia). O ��ndice discriminou os trabalhadores segundo n��vel de absente��smo, identificando m��dia estatisticamente significativa (p<0,001) entre aqueles com absente��smo elevado (37,2 pontos) e baixo (42,3 pontos). A an��lise de crit��rio mostrou correla����o do ��ndice com todas as dimens��es do estado de sa��de analisadas (p<0,0001). O ��ndice apresentou boa confiabilidade com coeficiente alfa de Cronbach (0,72). CONCLUS��ES: A vers��o brasileira do ��ndice de Capacidade para o Trabalho mostrou propriedades psicom��tricas satisfat��rias quanto �� validade de construto, de crit��rio e de confiabilidade, representando uma op����o adequada para avalia����o da capacidade para o trabalho em abordagens individuais e inqu��ritos populacionais.

Cost-effectiveness of Sick Leave Policies for Health Care Workers with Influenza-like Illness, Brazil, 2009

We describe the effect of influenza-like illness (ILI) during the outbreak of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 on health care worker (HCW) absenteeism and compare the effectiveness and cost of 2 sick leave policies for HCWs with suspected influenza. We assessed initial 2-day sick leaves plus reassessment until the HOW was asymptomatic (2-day + reassessment policy), and initial 7-day sick leaves (7-day policy). Sick leaves peaked in August 2009: 3% of the workforce received leave for ILI. Costs during May October reached R$798,051.87 (approximate to US $443,362). The 7-day policy led to a higher monthly rate of sick leave days per 100 HCWs than did the 2-day + reassessment policy (8.72 vs. 3.47 days/100 HCWs; p<0.0001) and resulted in higher costs (US $609 vs. US $1,128 per HCW on leave). ILI affected HCW absenteeism. The 7-day policy was more costly and not more effective in preventing transmission to patients than the 2-day + reassessment policy.

The effects of adolescent cannabis use on educational attainment: a review

This paper reviews research examining the link between cannabis use and educational attainment among youth. Cross-sectional studies have revealed significant associations between cannabis use and a range of measures of educational performance including lower grade point average, less satisfaction with school, negative attitudes to school, increased rates of school absenteeism and poor school performance. However, results of cross-sectional studies cannot be used to determine whether cannabis use causes poor educational performance, poor educational performance is a cause of cannabis use or whether both outcomes are a reflection of common risk factors. Nonetheless, a number of prospective longitudinal studies have indicated that early cannabis use may significantly increase risks of subsequent poor school performance and, in particular, early school leaving. This association has remained after control for a wide range of prospectively assessed covariates. Possible mechanisms underlying an association between early cannabis use and educational attainment include the possibility that cannabis use induces an 'amotivational syndrome' or that cannabis use causes cognitive impairment. However, there appears to be relatively little empirical support for these hypotheses. It is proposed that the link between early cannabis use and educational attainment arises because of the social context within which cannabis is used. In particular, early cannabis use appears to be associated with the adoption of an anti-conventional lifestyle characterized by affiliations with delinquent and substance using peers, and the precocious adoption of adult roles including early school leaving, leaving the parental home and early parenthood.

The Association Between Physical Activity, Productivity, and Health Care Utilization Among Employees in Brazil

Objective: To document the relationship between physical activity, absenteeism, presenteeism, health care utilization, and morbidity among Brazilian automotive workers. Methods: Eligible employees (N = 620) completed a questionnaire. Univariate correlations, multivariate logistic regression, and Pearson`s product-moment correlation coefficient were used. Results: Work absenteeism was associated with physical activity at work (OPA) (odds ratio, [OR] = 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31 to 2.02) and leisure physical activity time excluding sport (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.58 to 1.00). Health care utilization was associated with OPA (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.58) and leisure physical activity time excluding sport (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.57 to 1.02). Presenteeism showed an indirect relationship with OPA (r = 0.099, P = 0.014). Referred morbidity was associated with OPA (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.61) and sports during leisure time (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.54 to 0.82). Conclusions: Physical activity components seem to have differential relationships to the studied outcomes. Associations measured indicate negative impacts of OPA on absenteeism, health care utilization, and morbidity, although overall physical activity did not show these relationships.

O Impacto dos transtornos mentais no trabalho : resultados do estudo epidemiol��gico de transtornos mentais S��o Paulo Megacity

O objetivo deste estudo �� estimar a preval��ncia de transtornos mentais de acordo com a situa����o de emprego por sexo, analisar associa����es entre os transtornos mentais e situa����o de emprego, bem como entre a busca de tratamento e situa����o de emprego dentre os respondentes com transtornos mentais nos ��ltimos 12 meses. Al��m disso, pretende-se analisar a perda de dias de trabalho devido ao absente��smo e ao presente��smo associando-os com os transtornos mentais, dentre os trabalhadores. Os dados foram analisados a partir do Estudo S��o Paulo Megacity, um estudo de base populacional que avaliou os transtornos mentais em uma amostra probabil��stica de 5.037 adultos residentes na Regi��o Metropolitana de S��o Paulo, utilizando a vers��o do Composite International Diagnostic Interview da Organiza����o Mundial de Sa��de. A amostra foi dividida em grupos de acordo com a situa����o de trabalho ��� trabalhadores, economicamente inativos e desempregados. A preval��ncia dos transtornos mentais foi estimada estratificada por sexo, bem como, as associa����es com as situa����es de emprego, caracter��sticas s��cio-demogr��ficas e procura por tratamento. O n��mero m��dio de dias perdidos por absente��smo e presente��smo na popula����o de trabalhadores foi estimado baseado na Escala de Avalia����o de Incapacidade Organiza����o Mundial de Sa��de. Os efeitos a n��vel populacional e os custos financeiros tamb��m foram estimados. As associa����es foram medidas pelo Odds Ratio e calculada atrav��s do modelo de regress��o log��stica multinomial. Do total da amostra (n= 5.035), 63% eram trabalhadores, 25% economicamente inativos e 12% desempregados. Os trabalhadores foram associados ao sexo masculino, menor idade, maior n��mero de anos estudados e maior renda. As mulheres apresentaram maior preval��ncia de transtornos de humor e ansiedade. Os homens foram associados a qualquer transtorno mental, transtorno de humor e transtorno de ansiedade, as mulheres foram associadas a situa����o de emprego economicamente inactivas e desempregadas. Os homens cuja situa����o de emprego era trabalhador mostrou maiores preval��ncias nos transtornos de impulso-controle e nos transtornos por uso de subst��ncias psicoativas. As mulheres cuja situa����o de emprego era trabalhador e os homens cuja situa����o de emprego era economicamente inativos, tiveram maiores preval��ncias de transtornos mentais. Dentre respondentes com algum transtorno mental, os respondentes economicamente inativos apresentaram associa����o com a procura de tratamento de sa��de geral e de sa��de mental. A presen��a de algum transtorno mental foi associado com 26,8 dias/ano devido ao absente��smo, 92,2 dias/ano devido ao presente��smo e 125,9 dias/ano de perda total de trabalho. Os custos anuais da perda de trabalho foram estimados em R$ 2,6 bilh��es por ano, correspondentes a R$ 690 milh��es por ano devido ao absente��smo, e R$ 1,9 bilh��es por ano devido ao presente��smo. Nossos resultados fornecem importantes informa����es epidemiol��gicas sobre os transtornos mentais e o impacto no trabalho que devem ser levadas em considera����o na defini����o de prioridades para os cuidados em sa��de e aloca����o de recursos.

Lighting conditions in assembling electrical industry

Proper lighting is a prerequisite for obtaining a good working environment. Good lighting includes quantity and quality requirements, and should necessarily be appropriate to the activity/task being carried out, bearing in mind the comfort and visual efficiency of the worker. Apart from the advantages in the health and welfare for the workers, good lighting also leads to better job performance (faster), less errors, better safety, fewer accidents and less absenteeism. The overall effect is: better productivity.

Medi����o da satisfa����o profissional dos t��cnicos de farm��cia e farmac��uticos do norte de Portugal

V��rios trabalhos t��m associado a Satisfa����o Profissional (SP) a vari��veis como a produtividade, o absentismo e o turnover (McPherson, Davies, Bewick, & Bhudia, 1999, citado em Ferguson, Ashcroft, & Hassell, 2011; Mott, 2000; Judge, Thoresen, Bono, & Patton, 2001) indicando ser importante o estudo da problem��tica nos T��cnicos de Farm��cia e Farmac��uticos, uma vez que pode condicionar a presta����o de cuidados de sa��de. Pretendeu-se medir e comparar a SP entre T��cnicos de Farm��cia e Farmac��uticos e entre Farm��cia Hospitalar e de Oficina do Norte de Portugal. Verificou-se a rela����o entre a SP e: idade, g��nero, grau de forma����o na ��rea da Farm��cia, experi��ncia profissional (em anos) e experi��ncia profissional no local de trabalho (em anos). Utilizou-se a escala Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) (Spector, 1985), tendo sido adaptada e validada para o contexto. A JSS e subescalas revelaram correla����o de car��cter forte com a escala e subescalas da Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short version (MSQ) de Weiss, Dawis, England, & Lofquist (1967). Contudo, apenas foi identificada validade convergente entre algumas das subescalas da JSS com a MSQ e respectivas subescalas, o que sugere que ambas (JSS e MSQ) medem construtos que est��o intimamente associados mas n��o medem exactamente o mesmo. A amostra �� constitu��da por 291 profissionais que responderam ao instrumento entre Mar��o de 2010 e Abril de 2011. Foram encontrados n��veis de SP positivos excepto para a Satisfa����o com o superior hier��rquico directo (m��dia inferior a 3) e Satisfa����o com procedimentos de trabalho e comunica����o na organiza����o (valor ambivalente entre 3 e 4). Diferen��as foram encontradas entre Farm��cia de Oficina e Hospitalar e entre T��cnicos de Farm��cia e Farmac��uticos, sendo revelados n��veis de Satisfa����o mais elevados para os T��cnicos de Farm��cia. Tamb��m foram encontradas diferen��as para o g��nero (SP global e subescalas) e para o n��vel de forma����o em Farm��cia (algumas subescalas). A idade, a experi��ncia profissional e a experi��ncia profissional no local de trabalho revelaram associa����o positiva com a SP global e com algumas das subescalas. A lacuna existente neste tipo de estudos para os profissionais de sa��de e nomeadamente dos T��cnicos de Farm��cia e Farmac��uticos em Portugal tornam este estudo relevante e inovador, lan��ando novas pistas e direccionando novas investiga����es.

Fatores de risco relacionados �� perda de produtividade laboral e aumento dos custos ambulatoriais de pacientes atendidos por unidades b��sicas de sa��de

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

O impacto da Lei n�� 37/2007 (Lei do Tabaco) no consumo de tabaco em ambiente profissional na ilha Terceira e a sua influ��ncia na produtividade e absentismo laboral

Disserta����o de Mestrado, Ambiente, Sa��de e Seguran��a, 19 de Julho de 2013, Universidade dos A��ores.

Lighting conditions at an operating room in a Portuguese maternity

Lighting is one of the most important factors in human interaction with the environment. Poor lighting may increase the risk of accidents and could also cause a variety of symptoms including: rapid fatigue, headaches, eyestrain, tired eyes, dry eyes, ocular surface symptoms (watery and irritated eyes), decreased concentration and stress. Specific disorders: degeneration of the sharpness of vision (blurred and double vision) and slowness in changing focus. Apart from the advantages in the health and welfare for the workers, good lighting also leads to better job performance (faster), less errors, better safety, fewer accidents and less absenteeism. The overall effect is: better productivity. Good lighting includes quantity and quality requirements, and should necessarily be appropriate to the activity/task being carried out, bearing in mind the comfort and visual efficiency of the worker.

Gastos ocultos e competitividade empresarial

Mestrado em Contabilidade Anal��tica e Financeira