Evidência sorológica de Pneumovírus aviário em lotes de frangos de corte em municípios de Mato Grosso do Sul

O Pneumovírus aviário (PVA) é um importante patógeno respiratório que acomete galinhas reprodutoras e frangos de corte. Apesar da importância econômica da pneumovirose não ter sido bem elucidada em frangos de corte, sabe-se que a infecção pode induzir a formação de anticorpos específicos nestas aves, e tais reações sorológicas podem servir de base ao conhecimento da epidemiologia das infecções pelo PVA. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de anticorpos contra PVA em lotes de frangos de corte em municípios de Mato Grosso do Sul. Quinhentos e trinta e seis soros sanguíneos oriundos de 54 lotes de frangos de corte com idade entre 42 e 51 dias de idade foram testados com um ensaio de imunoadsorção enzimática (ELISA) disponível comercialmente. Os resultados demonstraram 330 (61,6%) amostras negativas, 108 (20,1%) suspeitas e 98 (18,3%) positivas para presença de anticorpos contra PVA. Do total de lotes analisados, 49 (90,7%) foram caracterizados como positivos ou suspeitos. O percentual de lotes positivos ou suspeitos foi semelhante entre lotes de frangos de corte com faixa etária entre 42 e 46 dias e entre 47 e 51 dias nos meses de verão e inverno. A maioria dos lotes de frangos de corte foi considerada como positiva independentemente do tipo de aviário de criação (convencional, semi-climatizado ou climatizado). Concluiu-se que há forte evidência indicando a circulação de PVA em lotes de frangos de corte nos municípios de Mato Grosso do Sul. Os percentuais de resultados positivos foram semelhantes nos lotes de frangos de corte em ambas as idades e épocas do ano analisadas. Independentemente do tipo de aviário de criação constatou-se a presença de frangos de corte soropositivos para o PVA.

Factores asociados con la duración del circuito extracorpóreo en terapias continúas de reemplazo renal en la Fundación Cardioinfantil

Introducción: las terapias continuas de reemplazo renal son una importante medida a utilizar en los pacientes con lesión renal aguda que ingresan a la unidad de cuidado intensivo, la pérdida temprana del circuito por coagulación del mismo es una situación que afecta a este grupo de pacientes. Materiales y métodos: se realizo un estudio de casos y controles de una duración de tres meses tomando los pacientes que eran sometidos a terapia continua de reemplazo renal en la fundación Cardioinfantil, se eligieron como casos aquellos pacientes que no lograban completar 72 horas de terapia por perdida del circuito relacionada con coagulación, y aquellos que si se tomaron como controles, se analizaron ambos grupos en función de diferentes variables demográficas, clínicas y del circuito, tomando como análisis primario el primer filtro utilizado y haciendo un análisis secundario incluyendo todos los filtros. Resultados: se recolectaron 24 pacientes para el análisis primario y 101 filtros para el análisis secundario, el 37,5% de los filtros duró > 72 horas y 62,5%, menos de este tiempo. El puntaje APACHE II (OR: 0,76, p 0.003) y sitio de inserción femoral derecho (OR: 0.14, p 0.007) se encontraron protectoras para la disfunción temprana. Discusión: aunque no se alcanzó la muestra total, se encontró asociación protectora del acceso femoral derecho, que fue novedosa, pero requiere confirmación. El APACHE II, también protector, puede corresponder a un sesgo, se necesitan más estudios para aclarar estos hallazgos y determinar la presencia de otras variables que intervengan.

Pantallas, juegos y educación : la alfabetización digital en la escuela.

Uno de los temas fundamentales que aborda este libro es el papel de los juegos en la educación y la alfabetización digital. Se trata desde un análisis del contexto actual de formación. Se analizan las diferencias entre generaciones nuevas y adultas, el papel de la escuela en la formación y las nuevas formas de alfabetización. A partir de este análisis proponen formas de utilización de los videojuegos para la enseñanza y el desarrollo de las competencias requeridas en la sociedad digital. Se muestra la vinculación entre la práctica cotidiana de los niños frente a las pantallas y las posibilidades que los profesores tienen de aprovechar las experiencias que los niños ya poseen. Se trata de educar a partir de los medios más próximos y conocidos por los niños y adolescentes actuales.

Dangerous dinosaurs.

Descubre todo tipo de dinosaurios fantásticos, el duvetsaurus, el grumposaurus, el neversaurus, el binbagosaurus y muchos más.

Efficacy of three screening instruments in the identification of autistic-spectrum disorders

Background Screening instruments for autistic-spectrum disorders have not been compared in the same sample. Aims To compare the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Children's Communication Checklist (CCC). Method Screen and diagnostic assessments on 119 children between 9 and 13 years of age with special educational needs with and without autistic-spectrum disorders were weighted to estimate screen characteristics for a realistic target population. Results The SCQ performed best (area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)=0.90; sensitivity. 6; specificity 0.78). The SRS had a lower AUC (0.77) with high sensitivity (0.78) and moderate specificity (0.67). The CCC had a high sensitivity but lower specificity (AUC=0.79; sensitivity 0.93; specificity 0.46). The AUC of the SRS and CCC was lower for children with IQ < 70. Behaviour problems reduced specificity for all three instruments. Conclusions The SCQ, SRS and CCC showed strong to moderate ability to identify autistic-spectrum disorder in this at-risk sample of school-age children with special educational needs.

Antihypertensive effects of central ablations in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudio económico de América Latina y el Caribe, 1984: Cuba: versión preliminar

Incluye Bibliografía

Elective neck dissection for carcinomas of the oral cavity: occult metastases, neck recurrences, and adjuvant treatment of pathologically positive necks

BACKGROUND: Supraomohyoid neck dissection (SOHND) is currently performed in patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity with clinically negative neck. Most investigators consider SOHND as a staging procedure. METHODS: Records of 100 patients with cancer of the oral cavity and clinically negative neck undergoing SOHND were reviewed. The rate and significance of occult metastases are evaluated, the neck recurrences are analyzed and the indication of adjuvant radiation of pN+ necks is discussed. RESULTS: In 34 of 1814 of analyzed lymph nodes, metastatic disease was detected as follows: 30 macrometastases and 4 micrometastases. In 13 of 34 metastases (38%), extracapsular spread was observed. Twenty of 100 patients (20%) had to be upstaged. In 9 of 87 (10%) patients without local recurrence and with a minimal follow-up of 24 months, 5 ipsilateral (4 within the dissection field) and 5 contralateral neck recurrences were observed. Regional recurrence developed in 4% and 35% of patients with pN0 and pN+ necks, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In 20% of patients with oral cavity tumors and pN0 neck, occult metastases were disclosed. Neck recurrences developed significantly more often in patients with pN+ than in those with pN0 necks. To evaluate the exact indication for an adjuvant treatment of patients with cN0/pN+ necks, prospective studies should be performed.

Interventional management of hypervascular osseous metastasis: role of embolotherapy before orthopedic tumor resection and bone stabilization

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate, in relation to intraoperative estimated blood loss (EBL), the effectiveness of preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization of hypervascular osseous metastatic lesions before orthopedic resection and stabilization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June 1987 and November 2007, 22 patients underwent transcatheter arterial embolization of tumors of the long bone, hip, or vertebrae before resection and stabilization. Osseous metastatic lesions from renal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, leiomyosarcoma, and prostate cancer were embolized. All patients were treated with a coaxial catheter technique with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles alone or a combination of PVA particles and coils. After embolization, each tumor was angiographically graded according to devascularization (grades 1-3) based on tumor blush after contrast injection into the main tumor-feeding arteries. RESULTS: In patients with complete devascularization (grade 1), mean EBL was calculated to be 1,119 mL, whereas in patients with partial embolization (grades 2 and 3) EBL was 1,788 mL and 2,500 mL. With respect to intraoperative EBL, no significant difference between devascularization grades was found (p > 0.05). Moderate correlation (r = 0.51, p = 0.019) was observed between intraoperative EBL and tumor size before embolization. Only low correlation (r = 0.44, p = 0.046) was found between intraoperative EBL and operating time. Major complications included transient palsy of the sciatic nerve and gluteal abscess in one patient. CONCLUSION: The results of this study support the concept that there is no statistically significant difference among amounts of intraoperative EBL with varying degrees of embolization.

A newly developed in vitro model of the human epithelial airway barrier to study the toxic potential of nanoparticles

The potential health effects of inhaled engineered nanoparticles are almost unknown. To avoid and replace toxicity studies with animals, a triple cell co-culture system composed of epithelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells was established, which simulates the most important barrier functions of the epithelial airway. Using this model, the toxic potential of titanium dioxide was assessed by measuring the production of reactive oxygen species and the release of tumour necrosis factor alpha. The intracellular localisation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles was analyzed by energy filtering transmission electron microscopy. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were detected as single particles without membranes and in membrane-bound agglomerates. Cells incubated with titanium dioxide particles showed an elevated production of reactive oxygen species but no increase of the release of tumour necrosis factor alpha. Our in vitro model of the epithelial airway barrier offers a valuable tool to study the interaction of particles with lung cells at a nanostructural level and to investigate the toxic potential of nanoparticles.

Análisis de dos sistemas acuáticos : un enfoque ecohidrológico

Se aplicó el concepto de ecohidrología en dos cuencas: río Paraná Inferior y Arroyo Durazno con el objeto de estudiar las respuestas biogeoquímicas en ambos sistemas diferenciados por área de drenaje, magnitud de caudal y uso de la tierra. La primera presenta una amplia llanura aluvial (12.350 km2) vegetada por macrófitas. Durante las crecientes estivales, las condiciones favorecen la denitrificación en humedales y disminución de nitratos en cauce principal, siendo el intervalo de mayor frecuencia 25-108,3 μg N-NO3 -/l en aguas altas y 191,6-274,9 μg N-NO3 -/l en aguas bajas. Durante una creciente invernal (El Niño 1991-1992) se detectó correlación positiva significativa entre concentraciones de nitratos y amonio y altura hidrométrica. El arroyo Durazno (360 km2) no recibe aporte directo de contaminantes y presenta una rápida respuesta ante un evento de precipitación. En las primeras horas de la tormenta las concentraciones de nitratos y fósforo reactivo soluble (PRS) fueron mayores que al finalizar, debido al aporte por escorrentía. Los resultados revelan el efecto del valle aluvial sobre la hidroquímica de los cauces principales. El análisis muestra que cambios en componentes del ciclo hidrológico y/o en el uso de la tierra podrían alterar la calidad de aguas aun en cuencas de extensiones y caudales diferentes.

Measuring smile curves in global value chains

The concept and logic of the "smile curve" in the context of global value chains has been widely used and discussed at the individual firm level, but rarely identified and investigated at the country and industry levels by using real data. This paper proposes an idea, based on an inter-country input-output model, to consistently measure both the strength and length of linkages between producers and consumers along global value chains. This idea allows for better identification and mapping of smile curves for countries and industries according to their positions and degrees of participation in a given conceptual value chain. Using the 1995-2011 World Input-Output Tables, several conceptual value chains are investigated, including exports of electrical and optical equipment from China and Mexico and exports of automobiles from Japan and Germany. The identified smile curves provide a very intuitive and visual image, which can significantly improve our understanding of the roles played by different countries and industries in global value chains. Further, the smile curves help identify the benefits gained by these countries and industries through their participation in global trade.

The British journal of dermatology (1888-1916).

Mode of access: Internet.