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Maria Mirtis Caser, Santinho Ferreira de Souza [organizadores]

Constraints on leptogenesis from a symmetry viewpoint

It is shown that type I seesaw models based on the standard model Lagrangian extended with three heavy Majorana right-handed fields do not have leptogenesis in leading order, if the symmetries of mass matrices are also the residual symmetry of the Lagrangian. In particular, flavor models that lead to a mass-independent leptonic mixing have a vanishing leptogenesis CP asymmetry. Based on symmetry arguments, we prove that in these models the Dirac-neutrino Yukawa coupling combinations relevant for leptogenesis are diagonal in the physical basis where the charged leptons and heavy Majorana neutrinos are diagonal.

Otimização do emprego de recursos econômicos para vacinação contra hepatite B em profissionais da área de saúde

Com o objetivo de racionalizar o emprego de recursos econômicos em programas de vacinação contra hepatite B, em profissionais da área de saúde, foram estudados dois aspectos distintos: necessidade ou não de triagem sorológica pré-vacinação e viabilidade da utilização de doses reduzidas de vacina por via intradérmica (ID). A análise econômica de custo-minimização demonstrou que com prevalência de imunes na população a ser vacinada superior a 11% (o que ocorreu em nosso estudo apenas no grupo de funcionários) passou a ser economicamente viável a triagem sorológica, diferentemente do grupo de alunos e médicos, nos quais a vacina sem triagem foi a melhor opção estratégica. Quanto ao esquema a ser utilizado, o emprego de três doses por via intramuscular (IM) (esquema A) foi comparado com dois esquemas alternativos: 1) esquema B, utilizando primeira dose via ID e duas via IM e 2) esquema C, empregando as duas primeiras doses via ID e a terceira via IM. Após a terceira dose, as taxas de soroconversão nos esquemas Ae B (92% e 93%, respectivamente) e os títulos médios geométricos de antiHBs (1278 Ul/L e 789,6UI/L) foram semelhantes entre os dois grupos, e apresentaram diferença significante em relação ao esquema C, demonstrando que esquemas alternativos podem ser custo-efetivos.

Optimierung der Wasseraufbereitungsanlage im Biomassekraftwerk Königs Wusterhausen hinsichtlich konstanter Wasserqualität und Verfügbarkeit

Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit steht die Verfahrenstechnik der Langsamentcarbonisierung zur Kühlwasserenthärtung. Andere Bereiche werden angeschnitten um ein vollständiges Bild der Wasseraufbereitung des BMKW Königs Wusterhausen aufzuzeigen. Hierzu zählen die Osmoseanlagen und der mechanisch konstruktive Teil der Langsamentcarbonisierung. Der Chemikalienbedarf wird anhand der Wasseranalyse berechnet und über Flockungsversuche experimentell ermittelt. Abschließend erfolgt die Auswertung der Versuche und der umgesetzten Maßnahmen. Weiterhin wird ein kurzer Ausblick über weiterführende Optimierungsmaßnahmen gegeben.

Facteurs de radiosensibilité tardive des tissus sains [Factors of late radiosensitivity of normal tissues]

The impact of curative radiotherapy depends mainly on the total dose delivered homogenously in the targeted volume. Nevertheless, the dose delivered to the surrounding healthy tissues may reduce the therapeutic ratio of many radiation treatments. Two different side effects (acute and late) can occur during and after radiotherapy. Of particular interest are the radiation-induced sequelae due to their irreversibility and the potential impact on daily quality of life. In a same population treated in one centre with the same technique, it appears that individual radiosensitivity clearly exists. In the hypothesis that genetic is involved in this area of research, lymphocytes seem to be the tissue of choice due to easy accessibility. Recently, low percentage of CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte apoptosis were shown to be correlated with high grade of sequelae. In addition, recent data suggest that patients with severe radiation-induced late side effects possess four or more single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in candidate genes (ATM, SOD2, TGFB1, XRCC1, and XRCC3) and low radiation-induced CD8 lymphocyte apoptosis in vitro. On-going studies are being analyzing the entire genome using a Genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis.

Effect of epinephrine on oxygen consumption and delivery during progressive hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether, during hemorrhagic shock, the effect of epinephrine on energy metabolism could be deleterious, by enhancing the oxygen requirement at a given level of oxygen delivery (DO2). DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, control trial. SETTING: Experimental laboratory. SUBJECTS: Two groups of seven mongrel dogs were studied. The epinephrine group received a continuous infusion of epinephrine (1 microgram/min/kg) while the control group received saline. INTERVENTION: Dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital, and shock was produced by stepwise hemorrhage. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Oxygen consumption (VO2) was continuously measured by the gas exchange technique, while DO2 was independently calculated from cardiac output (measured by thermodilution) and blood oxygen content. A dual-lines regression fit was applied to the DO2 vs. VO2 plot. The intersection of the two regression lines defined the critical value of DO2. Values above critical DO2 belonged to phase 1, while phase 2 occurred below critical DO2. In the control group, VO2 was independent of DO2 during phase 1; VO2 was dependent on DO2 during phase 2. In the epinephrine group, the expected increase in VO2 (+19%) and DO2 (+50%) occurred under normovolemic conditions. During hemorrhage, VO2 immediately decreased, and the slope of phase 1 was significantly (p < .01) different from zero, and was significantly (p < .05) steeper than in the control group (0.025 +/- 0.005 vs. 0.005 +/- 0.010). However, the critical DO2 (8.7 +/- 1.7 vs. 9.7 +/- 2.4 mL/min/kg), the critical VO2 (5.6 +/- 0.5 vs. 5.5 +/- 0.9 mL/min/kg), and the slope of phase 2 (0.487 +/- 0.080 vs. 0.441 +/- 0.130) were not different from control values. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of pharmacologic doses of epinephrine significantly increased VO2 under normovolemic conditions due to the epinephrine-induced thermogenic effect. This effect progressively decreased during hemorrhage. The critical DO2 and the relationship between DO2 and VO2 in the supply-dependent phase of shock were unaffected by epinephrine infusion. These results suggest that during hemorrhagic shock, epinephrine administration did not exert a detrimental effect on the relationship between DO2 and VO2.

Terrenys erms : analitzar les pràctiques artístiques digitals

Peer-reviewed

Proceso asma : guía de información para pacientes

En la cub.: Respuestas sencillas a las preguntas más frecuentes. Publicado en la página web de la Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social: www.juntadeandalucia.es/salud (Consejería de Igualdad, Salud y Políticas Sociales / Ciudadanía / Nuestro Compromiso por la Calidad / Guías de información para pacientes)

Cancers du sein : comment associer l'hormonothérapie et la radiothérapie en situation adjuvante [How to combine hormonotherapy and radiation treatment in adjuvant breast cancer?]

Combined radiation and hormone therapies have become common clinical practice in recent years for locally-advanced prostate cancers. The use of such concomitant therapy in the treatment of breast disease has been infrequently reported in the literature, but seems justified given the common hormonal dependence of breast cancer and the potential synergistic effect of these two treatment modalities. As adjuvant therapy, two strategies are used in daily clinical practice: upfront aromatase inhibitors or sequentially after a variable delay of tamoxifen. These molecules may, thus, interact with radiotherapy. Retrospectives studies recently published did not show any differences in terms of locoregional recurrences between concurrent or sequential radiohormonotherapy. Lung and skin fibroses due to concurrent treatment are still under debate. Nevertheless, late side effects appeared to be increased by such a treatment, particularly in hypersensitive patients identified at risk by the lymphocyte predictive test. Concurrent radiohormonotherapy should, thus, be delivered cautiously at least for these patients. This article details the potent advantages and risks of concurrent use of adjuvant hormonotherapy and radiotherapy in localized breast cancers.

A-1 Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program, March 2004

Monthly Public Assistance Statistical Report Family Investment Program

Chimioradiothérapie postopératoire des cancers des voies aérodigestives : vers un nouveau standard [Post-operative radiochemotherapy of the head and neck: Towards new standards?]

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage. Their treatment remains controversial, and has to be multidisciplinary. External beam radiotherapy is a recognized treatment option after radical curative surgery in order to improve local control. Different adjuvant treatment options have been studied in order to improve the outcome of these patients. We review in this paper the different prognostic factors indicating an adjuvant treatment and the interest of treatment intensification in bad prognostic patients.