La lengua en su entorno : implicaciones intra e interculturales aplicadas a la enseñanza de las lenguas.

Título del congreso: 'El español, lengua del mestizaje y la interculturalidad'. Incluye anexos. Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Prediction of postprandial blood glucose under intra-patient variability and uncertainty and its use in the design of insulin dosing strategies for type 1 diabetic patients

In this thesis I propose a novel method to estimate the dose and injection-to-meal time for low-risk intensive insulin therapy. This dosage-aid system uses an optimization algorithm to determine the insulin dose and injection-to-meal time that minimizes the risk of postprandial hyper- and hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetic patients. To this end, the algorithm applies a methodology that quantifies the risk of experiencing different grades of hypo- or hyperglycaemia in the postprandial state induced by insulin therapy according to an individual patient’s parameters. This methodology is based on modal interval analysis (MIA). Applying MIA, the postprandial glucose level is predicted with consideration of intra-patient variability and other sources of uncertainty. A worst-case approach is then used to calculate the risk index. In this way, a safer prediction of possible hyper- and hypoglycaemic episodes induced by the insulin therapy tested can be calculated in terms of these uncertainties.

Igarapés de Manaus – uma oportunidade de ação intra-urbana

Este trabalho toma como base para reflexão uma intervenção na área dos Igarapés de Manaus desenvolvido pelo Governo do Estado com co-financiamento e apoio do Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento. Sem mecanismos adequados para atender ao crescimento urbano e habitacional para uma população que quintuplicou de 1970 a 2003, passando de 300.000 habitantes para quase 1,5 milhões (50% da população do Estado), a cidade sofreu com sistemáticas invasões de terras, originando situações de grande vulnerabilidade ambiental. A ocupação dessas áreas sem aptidão para ocupação urbana, representa um grave problema ambiental, urbanístico e social para a cidade. O Plano Diretor Municipal, recentemente concluído em 2002, prevê Áreas de Especial Interesse Social, e abre caminho para o desenvolvimento de legislação apropriada. O projeto em questão oferece uma boa oportunidade para testar uma abordagem inovadora no tratamento da problemática . Pretende-se fazer uma reflexão que se centra basicamente no desafio de promover uma ação ambientalmente adequada e socialmente integradora, com ênfase na promoção da regularidade jurídica e urbanística. Dessa forma o trabalho abordará as seguintes questões: como compatibilizar necessidades territoriais locais com as do conjunto da cidade, que oportunidades existem para a regularização fundiária e urbanística; e como mediar a preservação ambiental com equidade e justiça social.

Las fronteras intra-andinas: avances y retrocesos (Otros Temas)

El artículo analiza el proceso de integración fronteriza en la CAN partiendo de sus antecedentes y señalando las fortalezas y debilidades que lo han acompañado. La autora realiza un análisis de la importancia que el tema tiene para Colombia debido a que es este país el que más fronteras andinas comparte y el que presenta un intenso conflicto cuyos efectos se sienten en los países vecinos. Finalmente formula algunas sugerencias para el manejo de los asuntos fronterizos en la CAN a corto, mediano y largo plazo.

Intra-Euro rebalancing is inevitable, but insufficient. Bruegel Policy Contribution 2012/15, August 2012

Greece, Portugal and Spain face a serious risk of external solvency due to their close to minus 100 percent of GDP net negative international investment positions, which are largely composed of debt. The perceived inability of these countries to rebalance their external positions is a major root of the euro crisis. Intra-euro rebalancing through declines in unit labour costs (ULC) in southern Europe, and ULC increases in northern Europe should continue, but has limits because: The share of intra-euro trade has declined. Intra-euro trade balances have already adjusted to a great extent. The intra-euro real exchange rates of Greece, Portugal and Spain have also either already adjusted or do not indicate significant appreciations since 2000. There are only two main current account surplus countries, Germany and the Netherlands. A purely intra-euro adjustment strategy would require too-significant wage increases in northern countries and wage declines in southern countries, which do not seem to be feasible. Before the crisis, the euro was significantly overvalued despite the close-to balanced current account position. The euro has depreciated recently, but more is needed to support the extra-euro trade of southern euro-area members. A weaker euro would also boost exports, growth, inflation and wage increases in Germany, thereby helping further intra-euro adjustment and the survival of the euro.

Long-term change, interannual and intra-seasonal variability in climate and glacier mass balance in the Central Greater Caucasus, Russia

Long-term trends, interannual and intra-seasonal variability in the mass-balance record from Djankuat glacier, central Greater Caucasus, Russia, are related to local climate change, synoptic and large-scale anomalies in atmospheric circulation. A clear warming signal emerged in the central Greater Caucasus in the early 1990s, leading to a strong increase in ablation. In the absence of a compensating change in winter accumulation, the net mass balance of Djankuat has declined. The highest value of seasonal ablation on record was registered in the summer of 2000. At the beginning of the 21st century these trends reversed. Ablation was below average even in the summer of 2003, which was unusually warm in western Europe. Precipitation and winter accumulation were high, allowing for a partial recovery of net mass balance. The interannual variability in the components of mass balance is weakly related to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Scandinavian teleconnection patterns, but there is a clear link with the large-scale circulation anomalies represented by the Rossby pattern. Five synoptic categories have been identified for the ablation season of 2005, revealing a strong separation between components of radiation budget, air temperature and daily melt. Air temperature is the main control over melt. The highest values of daily ablation are related to the strongly positive NAO which forces high net radiation, and to the warm and moist advection from the Black Sea.

Adaptation to climate change and variability: farmer responses to intra-seasonal precipitation trends in South Africa

We describe the nature of recent (50 year) rainfall variability in the summer rainfall zone, South Africa, and how variability is recognised and responded to on the ground by farmers. Using daily rainfall data and self-organising mapping (SOM) we identify 12 internally homogeneous rainfall regions displaying differing parameters of precipitation change. Three regions, characterised by changing onset and timing of rains, rainfall frequencies and intensities, in Limpopo, North West and KwaZulu Natal provinces, were selected to investigate farmer perceptions of, and responses to, rainfall parameter changes. Village and household level analyses demonstrate that the trends and variabilities in precipitation parameters differentiated by the SOM analysis were clearly recognised by people living in the areas in which they occurred. A range of specific coping and adaptation strategies are employed by farmers to respond to climate shifts, some generic across regions and some facilitated by specific local factors. The study has begun to understand the complexity of coping and adaptation, and the factors that influence the decisions that are taken.