Aprendiendo a aprender : resolver problemas entre iguales.

Analizar el proceso de resolución de problemas que los niños de Preescolar y ciclo inicial llevan a cabo cuando se enfrentan a diferentes tipos de tareas, individualmente o en situaciones de grupo. 52 niños de un CP de Madrid, 26 de segundo curso de Preescolar y 26 de segundo curso de ciclo inicial. 12 niños trabajan individualmente y el resto lo hacen distribuidos en parejas, grupos de 3 y grupos de 4 niños. La investigación se organiza en 8 capítulos. En el primero, aprendiendo a aprender, exponen cómo los niños pueden llegar a controlar sus representaciones para hacer más fáciles sus aprendizajes. En el segundo, aprendizaje, desarrollo y regulación: +por qué son útiles las teorías?, se analizan diversos planteamientos teóricos, desde la Psicología Cognitiva, los trabajos piagetianos, neo-piagetianos y las aportaciones de Vygotski. El objetivo del tercero, resolver problemas: un reto en las sociedades occidentales, es penetrar en los procesos de resolución de problemas. El cuarto, es el estudio empírico, donde los niños resuelven 3 tipos de problemas: la composición de un puzzle, una construcción utilizando materiales geométricos y una tarea de carácter lógico. Cada una de las tareas se realizó en 3 fases: los niños recibían las instrucciones del adulto, realizaban la tarea solos o en grupo, al finalizar llamaban al adulto para explicarle cómo la habían realizado. En el 5, planificar un arma de doble filo, llevan a cabo un análisis de las actividades de los niños cuando resuelven problemas. En el 6, construir el conocimiento entre iguales, analizan situaciones interactivas. En el 7, +mejor solos o en grupo? una falsa alternativa, presentan las dos situaciones y algunos datos obtenidos en la parte empírica. El 8, compartir el conocimiento en tareas de construcción: hacia un análisis de las situaciones de interacción, se detiene en el discurso conversacional. Por último, y como conclusión, introducen algunos apuntes sobre un problema pendiente: +es posible integrar lo social y lo cognitivo?. Figuras, tablas, porcentajes, frecuencias. Las actividades que los niños realizan cuando resuelven los problemas pueden organizarse en cinco dimensiones: planificación y control de la actividad, orientación hacia la meta final delimitando submetas en el curso de la tarea, bloqueos y/o reorganización de la actividad, revisión y no planificación. El efecto de la interacción social en dichas estrategias se manifiesta tanto en el producto como en el proceso de resolución de problemas. Los procesos socio-cognitivos presentes en la resolución de problemas y considerados en la investigación (empleo de estrategias, construcción compartida de significados y actividades, control verbal de la actividad, etc.) dependen en gran medida de la naturaleza de la tarea, grado de dificultad y tipo de representaciones que los niños han de construir, así como de la edad de los sujetos.

El Tragaleguas

Trabajo elaborado por tres profesores del Colegio P??blico 'Pan y Guindas' de Palencia. Este material did??ctico propone los siguientes objetivos generales: -Conocer el patrimonio cultural, participar en su conservaci??n y mejora; -Conocer las caracter??sticas fundamentales del Medio Natural y Social y sus interacciones mutuas; -Colaborar en la planificaci??n y realizaci??n de actividades en grupo, aceptar las normas que se establezcan respetando puntos de vista distintos y asumir las responsabilidades que correspondan; -Identificar los principales elementos del entorno natural; -Interpretar dichos elementos mediante diferentes c??digos (cartogr??ficos, num??ricos, t??cnicos, etc.); -B??squeda, almacenamiento y tratamiento de informaci??n, etc. El material elaborado se compone de: un tablero de juego, juego de mapas con informaci??n complementaria, mapa de plantilla de las piezas del puzzle y fichas-preguntas: tres series de tem??tica general con diferentes niveles de dificultad; dos series de tem??tica espec??fica y un lote de fichas por cada una de las provincias de la Comunidad Aut??noma. La metodolog??a es participativa, con la pr??ctica del juego se proponen de forma l??dica situaciones que favorezcan el conocimiento de nuestra realidad regional adem??s de favorecer actitudes de cooperaci??n y estimular el inter??s por otros entornos m??s amplios.

De lo s??lido a lo l??quido : las nuevas alfabetizaciones ante los cambios culturales de la Web 2.0

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n. - El art??culo forma parte del monogr??fico de la revista dedicado a: Alfabetizaci??n medi??tica en contextos m??ltiples

La tolerancia en la escuela.

Exponer estrategias y técnicas de educación en actitudes y valores acompañadas de un considerable material pedagógico que, a modo de casos prácticos, sirvan de recurso metodológico para los profesionales de la enseñanza. Valores y actitudes. El valor de la tolerancia. Marco teórico sobre actitudes y valores. Educar en la tolerancia en el marco escolar. Repertorio de actividades para trabajar en el aula. Phillips 66, Role-Playing, torbellino de ideas, estudio de casos, puzzle de Aronson, equipos de juegos-concurso de De Vries, fotopalabra, montaje audio-visual, disco-fórum, frase-mural, clarificación de valores. Investigación teórica y descripción detallada de actividades de aula. Exposición de estrategias y técnicas de educación en actitudes y valores. Recurso metodológico para los profesionales de la enseñanza. La obra facilita un conocimiento que ayuda a construir una sociedad más tolerante, más respetuosa con las diferencias, a la vez que a una mejor integración de la escuela en la sociedad de hoy.

El arte de leer

Seleccionado en la convocatoria: Proyectos de innovación educativa de centros docentes de niveles no universitarios, Gobierno de Aragón 2012-2013

Aprendizaje cooperativo y acoso escolar en primaria

Descripción de la tesis basada en el registro recogido en la base de datos TESEO

Un mapa ???hecho a cachos??? : unidad did??ctica para ALCES : nivel B1.1

"ALCE de Lyon"

Treballant el bloc d'espai i forma a trav??s d'activitats

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

An approach to coded structured light to obtain three dimensional information

The human visual ability to perceive depth looks like a puzzle. We perceive three-dimensional spatial information quickly and efficiently by using the binocular stereopsis of our eyes and, what is mote important the learning of the most common objects which we achieved through living. Nowadays, modelling the behaviour of our brain is a fiction, that is why the huge problem of 3D perception and further, interpretation is split into a sequence of easier problems. A lot of research is involved in robot vision in order to obtain 3D information of the surrounded scene. Most of this research is based on modelling the stereopsis of humans by using two cameras as if they were two eyes. This method is known as stereo vision and has been widely studied in the past and is being studied at present, and a lot of work will be surely done in the future. This fact allows us to affirm that this topic is one of the most interesting ones in computer vision. The stereo vision principle is based on obtaining the three dimensional position of an object point from the position of its projective points in both camera image planes. However, before inferring 3D information, the mathematical models of both cameras have to be known. This step is known as camera calibration and is broadly describes in the thesis. Perhaps the most important problem in stereo vision is the determination of the pair of homologue points in the two images, known as the correspondence problem, and it is also one of the most difficult problems to be solved which is currently investigated by a lot of researchers. The epipolar geometry allows us to reduce the correspondence problem. An approach to the epipolar geometry is describes in the thesis. Nevertheless, it does not solve it at all as a lot of considerations have to be taken into account. As an example we have to consider points without correspondence due to a surface occlusion or simply due to a projection out of the camera scope. The interest of the thesis is focused on structured light which has been considered as one of the most frequently used techniques in order to reduce the problems related lo stereo vision. Structured light is based on the relationship between a projected light pattern its projection and an image sensor. The deformations between the pattern projected into the scene and the one captured by the camera, permits to obtain three dimensional information of the illuminated scene. This technique has been widely used in such applications as: 3D object reconstruction, robot navigation, quality control, and so on. Although the projection of regular patterns solve the problem of points without match, it does not solve the problem of multiple matching, which leads us to use hard computing algorithms in order to search the correct matches. In recent years, another structured light technique has increased in importance. This technique is based on the codification of the light projected on the scene in order to be used as a tool to obtain an unique match. Each token of light is imaged by the camera, we have to read the label (decode the pattern) in order to solve the correspondence problem. The advantages and disadvantages of stereo vision against structured light and a survey on coded structured light are related and discussed. The work carried out in the frame of this thesis has permitted to present a new coded structured light pattern which solves the correspondence problem uniquely and robust. Unique, as each token of light is coded by a different word which removes the problem of multiple matching. Robust, since the pattern has been coded using the position of each token of light with respect to both co-ordinate axis. Algorithms and experimental results are included in the thesis. The reader can see examples 3D measurement of static objects, and the more complicated measurement of moving objects. The technique can be used in both cases as the pattern is coded by a single projection shot. Then it can be used in several applications of robot vision. Our interest is focused on the mathematical study of the camera and pattern projector models. We are also interested in how these models can be obtained by calibration, and how they can be used to obtained three dimensional information from two correspondence points. Furthermore, we have studied structured light and coded structured light, and we have presented a new coded structured light pattern. However, in this thesis we started from the assumption that the correspondence points could be well-segmented from the captured image. Computer vision constitutes a huge problem and a lot of work is being done at all levels of human vision modelling, starting from a)image acquisition; b) further image enhancement, filtering and processing, c) image segmentation which involves thresholding, thinning, contour detection, texture and colour analysis, and so on. The interest of this thesis starts in the next step, usually known as depth perception or 3D measurement.

Airline industry problems and prospects

Presentation Outline -The elements of the jig-saw puzzle -Trends in financial results -Industry charcateristics and problems -Major constraints -Trends in load factors -Financing? -Traffic growth prospects -Productivity is the key -The environmental challenge -Summary of main points

¿Globalización liberal o imperialismo global?. Cinco piezas para armar el rompecabezas del presente (Tema Central)

En este artículo el autor explora los cambios ocurridos en la configuración mundial del poder después del 11 de septiembre el 2001. A manera de comparación, describe las manifestaciones del imperialismo en el pasado como formas de terrorismo practicado desde la metrópoli y en la actualidad como formas de terrorismo privado o contra Estados Unidos. El autor rastrea el uso, la utilidad y el ocaso del concepto de ""imperialismo"" y sugiere utilizar el concepto de ""poder de la colonialidad"" para comprender las modalidades coloniales, nacionales y globales del imperialismo. Finalmente y en diálogo con el subcomandante Marcos, el autor identifica y describe las cinco piezas del rompecabezas del imperialismo global actual.

Will the PRIPs' KID live up to its promise to protect investors? ECMI Commentary No. 33, 6 July 2012

Unveiled by the European Commission on July 3rd, the proposed Regulation on key information documents (KID) for packaged retail investment products (PRIPs) represents a step forward in enhancing the protection of retail investors and advancing the single market for financial services. While acknowledging in this Commentary that the KID is a commendable effort, ECMI/CEPS researcher Mirzha de Manuel Aramendía observes that pre-contractual disclosure is just one of the pieces in the jigsaw puzzle of investor protection and regrets that other pieces, such as MiFID and the IMD, are not so ambitiously constructed.

De-agrarianization, re-agrarianization and local economic development: re-orientating livelihoods in African artisanal mining communities

This article contributes to the debate on livelihood diversification in rural sub-Saharan Africa, focusing specifically on the growing economic importance of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) in the region. The precipitous decline in the value of many export crops and the removal of subsidies on crucial inputs such as fertilizers have made smallholder production unviable, forcing many farmers to ‘branch out’ into non-farm activities to supplement their incomes. One of the more popular destinations for poor farmers is the low-tech ASM sector which, because of its low barriers to entry, has absorbed millions of rural Africans over the past two decades, the majority of whom are engaged in the extraction of near-surface mineral deposits located on concessions that have been demarcated to multinational corporations. The efforts made hitherto to control this illegal mining activity, both through force and regulation, however, have had little effect, forcing many of the region’s governments and private sector partners to ‘re-think’ their approaches. One strategy that has gained considerable attention throughout the region is intensified support for agrarian-orientated activities, many of which, despite the problems plaguing smallholder agricultural sector and challenges with making it more economically sustainable, are being lauded as appropriate ‘alternative’ sources of employment to artisanal mining. After examining where artisanal mining fits into the de-agrarianization ‘puzzle’ in sub-Saharan Africa, the article critiques the efficacy of ‘re-agrarianization’ as a strategy for addressing the region’s illegal mining problem. A case study of Ghana is used to shed further light on these issues.

The marginal benefit of diversification in commercial real estate portfolios

The number of properties to hold to achieve a well-diversified real estate property portfolio presents a puzzle, as the estimated number is considerably higher than that seen in actual portfolios. However, Statman (1987) argues that investors should only increase the number of holdings as long as the marginal benefits of diversification exceed their costs. Using this idea we find that the marginal benefits of diversification in real estate portfolios are so small that investors are probably rational in holding small portfolios, at least as far as the reduction in standard deviation is concerned.