Expressão gênica e viabilidade de folículos pré-antrais inclusos em fragmentos de córtex ovarianos cultivados in vitro de macaco-prego (Sapajus apella)

O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a ativação e o crescimento de folículos préantrais de Sapajus apella, submetidos a um sistema de cultivo in vitro em curto-prazo. Nesse sentido, dois experimentos foram realizados neste trabalho. Experimento I: exposição à fresco e à crioprotetores de biopsias de fragmentos do córtex ovariano. Ambos os fragmentos ovarianos foram submetidos à extração total de RNA e síntese de cDNA. Após a amplificação do cDNA por PCR em tempo-real (RT-PCR), os software GeNorm, bestkeeper e Normfinder foram usados para avaliar a estabilidade dos genes GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-2-phosphate dehydrogenase), HPRT1 (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1) e TBP (TATA-binding protein). Experimento II: o tecido do córtex ovariano de quatro fêmeas foi oletado e dividido em nove pedaços de 1 mm³. Um fragmento ovariano (grupo controle) foi imediatamente dividido em dois pedaços, os quais foram destinados para análise da viabilidade ou por RT-PCR. Os 8 fragmentos restantes foram individualmente cultivados in vitro em um meio constituído de TCM suplementado com 100 ng/mL EGF (T1), com adição de 10 μM de BME (T2), 100 ng/mL de BMP4 (T3), 25 IU de PMSG (T4), 10 μM de BME e 100 ng/mL de BMP4 (T5), 10 μM de BME, 25 IU de PMSG (T6), 100 ng/mL de BMP4, 25 IU de PMSG (T7) ou 10 μM de BME, 100 ng/mL de BMP4, 25 IU de PMSG (T8). Os resultados demonstraram que no tecido do córtex ovariano de S. apella, os genes HPRT1 e TBP foram os mais apropriados como genes de referência, podendo ser usados como parâmetro para normalizar dados em estudos futuros. Ao contrário, o GAPDH se apresentou como menos estável dos genes de referencia testados. Após o cultivo in vitro, todos os tratamentos alcançaram percentuais similares da viabilidade de folículos pré-antrais. O tecido ovariano cultivado na presença de GF+BME/BMP4/PMSG resultou no aumento da taxa de ativação e crescimento folicular, assim como no aumento da expressão de AMH, BMP15 e GDF9, genes conhecidos como indicadores específicos de desenvolvimento folicular. Dessa forma, o HPRT1 e TBP são os genes de referência mais estáveis, na exposição à crioprotetores, a fresco e no o cultivo de tecidos de córtex ovariano de S. apella. Os folículos pré-antrais são capazes de desenvolverem-se in vitro quando cultivados em meio suplementado com PMSG, BME e BMP4. A viabilidade folicular, entretanto, permaneceu independentemente do meio de cultivo in vitro e o uso de fatores de crescimento, como marcadores de desenvolvimento folicular, foi crucial para identificar o melhor meio de cultivo in vitro.

Análise crítica da operação radial dos sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Electrically detected magnetic resonance modeling and fitting: An equivalent circuit approach

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Investigation of the genetic diversity of domestic Capra hircus breeds reared within an early goat domestication area in Iran

Background: Iran is an area of particular interest for investigating goat diversity. Archaeological remains indicate early goat domestication (about 10 000 years ago) in the Iranian Zagros Mountains as well as in the high Euphrates valley and southeastern Anatolia. In addition, mitochondrial DNA data of domestic goats and wild ancestors (C. aegagrusor bezoar) suggest a pre-domestication management of wild populations in southern Zagros and central Iranian Plateau. In this study genetic diversity was assessed in seven Iranian native goat breeds, namely Markhoz, Najdi, Taleshi, Khalkhali, Naini, native Abadeh and Turki-Ghashghaei. A total of 317 animals were characterized using 14 microsatellite loci. Two Pakistani goat populations, Pahari and Teddy, were genotyped for comparison.Results: Iranian goats possess a remarkable genetic diversity (average expected heterozygosity of 0.671 across loci, 10.7 alleles per locus) mainly accounted for by the within-breed component (G(ST) = 5.9%). Positive and highly significant F-IS values in the Naini, Turki-Ghashghaei, Abadeh and Markhoz breeds indicate some level of inbreeding in these populations. Multivariate analyses cluster Iranian goats into northern, central and western groups, with the western breeds relatively distinct from the others. Pakistani breeds show some relationship with Iranian populations, even if their position is not consistent across analyses. Gene flow was higher within regions (west, north, central) compared to between regions but particularly low between the western and the other two regions, probably due to the isolating topography of the Zagros mountain range. The Turki-Ghashghaei, Najdi and Abadeh breeds are reared in geographic areas where mtDNA provided evidence of early domestication. These breeds are highly variable, located on basal short branches in the neighbor-joining tree, close to the origin of the principal component analysis plot and, although highly admixed, they are quite distinct from those reared on the western side of the Zagros mountain range.Conclusions: These observations call for further investigation of the nuclear DNA diversity of these breeds within a much wider geographic context to confirm or re-discuss the current hypothesis (based on maternal lineage data) of an almost exclusive contribution of the eastern Anatolian bezoar to the domestic goat gene pool.

Semliki Forest Virus as a Vector: Pros and Cons for Its Use in Biopharmaceuticals Production

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Complex Call with Different Messages in Bokermannohyla ibitiguara (Anura, Hylidae), a Gladiator Frog of the Brazilian Cerrado

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Comparação entre métodos e análise de correntes de curto-circuito

Overcurrents may endanger the whole electrical system and living beings, they are the result of short circuits and failures that can occur in electrical systems, no matter how well designed they are. Therefore it is important to predict these failures with analysis of electrical systems to make it possible to design appropriate protections, to ensure that those intervene properly and avoid technical and mainly human losses. However there is no standard for calculation of the short circuit currents, the main authors of the national literature about the subject suggest various methods, knowing the particularities among them provides quick and easy choice and proper application of them. To do so, a base case from an electrical system that presents a short circuit is chosen, which will be analyzed using the methods presented

O uso de software para estudo de seletividade e coordenação

The present work aims to prepare a study of selectivity and coordination in an isolated electrical system with the aid of computer software PTW (Power Tools for Windows). Based on appropriate protection standards, on equipment data and the survey of the curves of “time versus current” (Time Current Curve – TCC), may be defined protection settings to leave the system selective, coordinated and properly protected. Definitions of adjustments are made taking into account the data of, so called, thermal curves of the equipment, which take into account the rated current and the supportability of short-circuit current of the equipment and cables involved in the installation in question. For that we use the tools provided by the PTW in which an industrial electrical circuit is simulated, presenting and discussing the results. With that validates the software PTW, taking it as a great tool helper implementation the coordination and selectivity study

A influência da temperatura nas impedâncias de sequência de condutores utilizados na rede primária de distribuição

Distribution networks are formed by long lines that carry electricity substations to homes and industries. These lines have associated impedance and depending on operating conditions of the network these impedances may vary. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the effects observed in studies of voltage drop, short circuit and electrical losses, when considered the drivers sequence impedances used in primary distribution network at different temperatures. Therefore, it is initially presented a calculation methodology and details the factors that influence the final values. The methodology presented tackles in a practical way the main factors that directly or indirectly influence the values of the impedances as an emblematic example and will be properly dealt with throughout the paper is the effect of temperature on the values of the sequence impedances. More specifically is dealt with the case of XLPE cables protected, by having a higher maximum operating temperature than the operating temperature of the network. The effects observed in the power flow generated when considering the impedance values at both temperatures were analyzed. The impedance drivers tend to increase with increasing temperature. Thus the impedance of the conductor XLPE protected will tend to be greater for the maximum operating temperature for which the operating temperature of the network, resulting in greater voltage drop and higher electrical losses

Chaveamento de cargas intermitentes usando sensor de corrente

Due to concerns about rational use of energy, several alternative technologies of power generation appeared, including the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy by photovoltaic panels. In low-income households, the refrigerator represents considerable impact on the electric bill, since it requires constant power given its use in food preservation. It is possible to reduce this share, with the use of an alternative energy source. This work presents a timed switching electronic system, which allows commercial equipment that is not affected by short interruptions in the power supply to use a photovoltaic panel as a source of alternative energy, which usually do not provide energy continuously. Switching is made automatically in case of low incidence of sunlight, and without any form of energy storage. Between each switching, there is a dead time without power supply, therefore preventing the use of synchronizers circuits between the photovoltaic panel and the public power grid. A circuit containing a 80C31 microcontroller is used to control the system’s switching. The photovoltaic panel’s voltage inverter is in H bridge configuration, and is also controlled by the microcontroller through Pulse Width Modulation, which makes use of preprogrammed tables to generate the control signals of the power transistors. Through the use of software simulations, the proposed system was tested, which is capable of supplying intermittent single-phase loads. The simulations indicates that the project developed in this paper can be assembled into a prototype and be tested under real operating conditions, as long as the scaling of components, the characteristics of the photovoltaic panel to be used, and the project involved load are taken into account

Terminal-repeat retrotransposons with GAG domain in plant genomes: a new testimony on the complex world of transposable elements

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Theorem for series in three-parameter mittag-leffler function

The new result presented here is a theorem involving series in the three-parameter Mittag-Le er function. As a by-product, we recover some known results and discuss corollaries. As an application, we obtain the solution of a fractional di erential equation associated with a RLC electrical circuit in a closed form, in terms of the two-parameter Mittag-Le er function.

Desenvolvimento de um sistema de proteção e metodologia para localização de faltas em sistemas de distribuição

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento de células solares de perovskita baseadas em filmes de óxidos nanoestruturados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desenvolvimento de células solares de perovskita baseadas em filmes de óxidos nanoestruturados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)