953 resultados para Rock Blasting


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This paper describes a study undertaken to study noise levels of rock music.

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La presente investigación está enfocada en el análisis de los circuitos independientes de producción, circulación, promoción y consumo musical del género rock en la ciudad de Quito. La industria musical en el Ecuador no ha podido consolidar un sólido asidero para las prácticas contemporáneas y se ha caracterizado por una acción incipiente y fragmentaria vinculada básicamente al ejercicio de promoción y distribución ligado a las lógicas de las industrias transnacionales. El agenciamiento independiente ha logrado re-funcionalizar los sentidos de intercambios musicales y mostrar las tensiones existentes relacionadas con la producción-circulación de bienes simbólicos en el ámbito musical. En la actualidad es necesario abrir el debate acerca de una de las industrias culturales con mayor incidencia dentro de la vivencia cotidiana de los jóvenes urbanos; en este sentido, este trabajo intentará abrir puentes para entender el fenómeno desde su experiencia local y sus formas de inserción en audiencias más ampliadas.

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Este ejercicio investigativo responde a la pregunta por el rock en Cartagena de Indias, una música que a lo largo de más de dos décadas ha ganado algún espacio en el inventario de músicas del Caribe colombiano. Es un ejercicio que se adentra en las cotidianidades de diversos actores sociales que han constituido sus identidades desde el rock para narrar, andar, cantar, significar y habitar la ciudad. Muestra cómo la construcción de identidades desde el rock se produce por la negociación con los discursos interpeladores procedentes del mercado. Se expone entonces que el consumo y la resignificación son dos elementos importantes para entender el rock y los procesos identitarios en el contexto cartagenero.

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La producción de rock en Quito puede ser enmarcada como una actividad propia de las industrias creativas en el Ecuador. Este trabajo estudia la producción del género musical en cuestión desde una perspectiva de gestión empresarial, con el fin de determinar su situación actual y formular una propuesta para mejorar su competitividad. Es un primer acercamiento al tema desde el mencionado campo conceptual de las industrias creativas, y por tanto una investigación exploratoria. Quizá el mayor aporte de este esfuerzo académico sea el de ubicar a la actividad creativa dentro del debate de la producción económica, señalando las situaciones particulares propias del sector. Para la redacción del presente trabajo se han utilizado los postulados conceptuales sobre las industrias creativas enunciados por el Foro Económico Mundial (World Economic Forum, o WEF, por sus siglas en inglés), la conferencia de las Naciones Unidas para el Comercio y el Desarrollo (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, o UNCTAD por sus siglas en inglés), la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, o UNESCO, por sus siglas en inglés) y una profesora titular de una prestigiosa universidad a nivel mundial. En el presente trabajo se ha observado una débil posición de los músicos dentro del encadenamiento productivo de la industria; y al mismo tiempo se ha visto que su nivel de profesionalización, en términos generales, puede mejorar. Se encontró que hay poca continuidad en la operación de las bandas de rock, y también que existe un paradigma que entiende al éxito comercial como un condición que impide la originalidad de los trabajos musicales; al mismo tiempo que se conoció sobre una renuencia a profesionalizarse del sector, en términos generales. También se evidenció la importancia de la tecnología audiovisual para acompañar los temas musicales, y una relativa escasez de proveedores y actores complementarios y de apoyo para las bandas. Adicionalmente, se recogieron varios testimonios sobre una realidad económica compleja para las personas que deciden dedicarse profesionalmente a la carrera musical en el género de rock. Otros hallazgos de esta investigación giran en torno a una división cultural entre músicos del norte y del sur de la ciudad. También se analizaron los impactos positivos y negativos de varias Políticas Públicas y una falta de institucionalidad y seguridad jurídica para los promotores de conciertos y espectáculos en vivo. Finalmente, se notó una división entre públicos para espectáculos internacionales y locales, con su respectiva y considerable diferencia en los precios que están dispuestos a pagar los grupos en mención; y por tanto se nota la necesidad para que las bandas locales posicionen su oferta a través de asociaciones con nombres o artistas extranjeros. Esto, a su vez, facilitaría el acceso a los medios de comunicación masiva, mismos que –según testimonios recogidos- no tienen mayor interés en la producción local de música rock.

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This article revisits the Neolithic transition in Mediterranean Iberia taking into account an aspect usually neglected in the archaeological discourse: the rock art styles that emerged in this context. These distinct styles have been generally attributed to different populations, according to a historicist point of view that equates stylistic variability and ethnic identity. However, the recent recognition that they were developed by the same social group requires the formulation of an alternative explanation. My proposal is based on the exploration of the social context of production and consumption of the rock art, through the analysis of the patterns of location of the sites within the landscape and the definition of their archaeological context.

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Cross-hole anisotropic electrical and seismic tomograms of fractured metamorphic rock have been obtained at a test site where extensive hydrological data were available. A strong correlation between electrical resistivity anisotropy and seismic compressional-wave velocity anisotropy has been observed. Analysis of core samples from the site reveal that the shale-rich rocks have fabric-related average velocity anisotropy of between 10% and 30%. The cross-hole seismic data are consistent with these values, indicating that observed anisotropy might be principally due to the inherent rock fabric rather than to the aligned sets of open fractures. One region with velocity anisotropy greater than 30% has been modelled as aligned open fractures within an anisotropic rock matrix and this model is consistent with available fracture density and hydraulic transmissivity data from the boreholes and the cross-hole resistivity tomography data. However, in general the study highlights the uncertainties that can arise, due to the relative influence of rock fabric and fluid-filled fractures, when using geophysical techniques for hydrological investigations.

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A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the soil factors that influence the dissolution of two phosphate rocks (PRs) of different reactivity (Gafsa, GPR, reactive PR; and Togo-Hahotoe, HPR, low reactivity PR) in seven agricultural soils from Cameroon having variable phosphorus (P)- sorption capacities, organic carbon (C) contents, and exchangeable acidities. Ground PR was mixed with the soils at a rate of 500 mg P kg 21 soil and incubated at 30 degrees C for 85 days. Dissolution of the PRs was determined at various intervals using the Delta NaOH-P method ( the difference of the amount of P extracted by 0.5 M NaOH between the PR-treated soils and the control). Between 4 and 27% of HPR and 33 and 50% of GPR were dissolved in the soils. Calcium (Ca) saturation of cation exchange sites and proton supply strongly affected PR dissolution in these soils. Acid soils with pH-(H2O), < 5 (NKL, ODJ, NSM, MTF) dissolved more phosphate rock than those with pH-(H2O) > 5 (DSC, FGT, BAF). However, the lack of a sufficient Ca sink in the former constrained the dissolution of both PRs. The dissolution of GPR in the slightly acidic soils was limited by increase in Ca saturation and that of HPR was constrained by limited supply in protons. Generally, the dissolution of GPR was higher than that of HPR for each soil. The kinetics of dissolution of PR in the soils was best described by the power function equation P At B. More efficient use of PR in these soils can be achieved by raising the soil cation exchange capacity, thereby increasing the Ca sink size. This could be done by amending such soils with organic materials.

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General circulation models (GCMs) use the laws of physics and an understanding of past geography to simulate climatic responses. They are objective in character. However, they tend to require powerful computers to handle vast numbers of calculations. Nevertheless, it is now possible to compare results from different GCMs for a range of times and over a wide range of parameterisations for the past, present and future (e.g. in terms of predictions of surface air temperature, surface moisture, precipitation, etc.). GCMs are currently producing simulated climate predictions for the Mesozoic, which compare favourably with the distributions of climatically sensitive facies (e.g. coals, evaporites and palaeosols). They can be used effectively in the prediction of oceanic upwelling sites and the distribution of petroleum source rocks and phosphorites. Models also produce evaluations of other parameters that do not leave a geological record (e.g. cloud cover, snow cover) and equivocal phenomena such as storminess. Parameterisation of sub-grid scale processes is the main weakness in GCMs (e.g. land surfaces, convection, cloud behaviour) and model output for continental interiors is still too cold in winter by comparison with palaeontological data. The sedimentary and palaeontological record provides an important way that GCMs may themselves be evaluated and this is important because the same GCMs are being used currently to predict possible changes in future climate. The Mesozoic Earth was, by comparison with the present, an alien world, as we illustrate here by reference to late Triassic, late Jurassic and late Cretaceous simulations. Dense forests grew close to both poles but experienced months-long daylight in warm summers and months-long darkness in cold snowy winters. Ocean depths were warm (8 degrees C or more to the ocean floor) and reefs, with corals, grew 10 degrees of latitude further north and south than at the present time. The whole Earth was warmer than now by 6 degrees C or more, giving more atmospheric humidity and a greatly enhanced hydrological cycle. Much of the rainfall was predominantly convective in character, often focused over the oceans and leaving major desert expanses on the continental areas. Polar ice sheets are unlikely to have been present because of the high summer temperatures achieved. The model indicates extensive sea ice in the nearly enclosed Arctic seaway through a large portion of the year during the late Cretaceous, and the possibility of sea ice in adjacent parts of the Midwest Seaway over North America. The Triassic world was a predominantly warm world, the model output for evaporation and precipitation conforming well with the known distributions of evaporites, calcretes and other climatically sensitive facies for that time. The message from the geological record is clear. Through the Phanerozoic, Earth's climate has changed significantly, both on a variety of time scales and over a range of climatic states, usually baldly referred to as "greenhouse" and "icehouse", although these terms disguise more subtle states between these extremes. Any notion that the climate can remain constant for the convenience of one species of anthropoid is a delusion (although the recent rate of climatic change is exceptional). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.