Transparência no governo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro: análise e recomendações

O presente trabalho apresenta um diagnóstico e uma análise da transparência no governo do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Desde a sanção da Lei de Acesso a Informações – LAI no Brasil, lei n° 12.527/2011, e as regulamentações dos governos subnacionais, o estado do Rio de Janeiro tem sido avaliado negativamente por instituições de ensino e pesquisa e por metodologias desenvolvidas pelo próprio governo federal, no sentido principal de garantir o direito fundamental de acesso à informação. Para caracterizar a situação do Rio de Janeiro, foi realizada uma análise da transparência sob quatro dimensões: (i) legal; (ii) tecnológica; (iii) organizacional; e (iv) política. Disto, decorre o desafio que conduz o presente trabalho, que é o de aperfeiçoar a transparência fluminense, mediante a sistematização de diretrizes com recomendações de melhoria, a partir das normas vigentes, das boas práticas no setor público e das inadequações do governo fluminense, também apontando os benefícios específicos que as medidas concretas podem gerar. Ao final, são sugeridos passos para melhorar o compromisso do estado com a transparência pública.

O direito ao esquecimento na era digital: desafios da regulação da desvinculação de urls prejudiciais a pessoas naturais nos índices de pesquisa dos buscadores horizontais

No julgamento do recurso especial referente à ação ajuizada pela apresentadora Xuxa Meneghel para compelir o Google Search a desvincular dos seus índices de busca os resultados relativos à pesquisa sobre a expressão “Xuxa pedófila” ou qualquer outra que associasse o nome da autora a esta prática criminosa, a relatora da decisão, a Ministra Nancy Andrighi, definiu de maneira clara a controvérsia de que cuida este trabalho: o cotidiano de milhares de pessoas depende atualmente de informações que estão na web, e que dificilmente seriam encontradas sem a utilização das ferramentas de pesquisas oferecidas pelos sites de busca. Por outro lado, esses mesmos buscadores horizontais podem ser usados para a localização de páginas com informações, URLs prejudiciais resultantes da busca com o nome das pessoas. Diante disso, o que fazer? Existiria realmente um direito de ser esquecido, isto é, de ter uma URL resultante de uma pesquisa sobre o nome de uma pessoa desvinculado do índice de pesquisa do buscador horizontal? Há quem afirme que a medida mais apropriada para lidar com esse problema seria ir atrás do terceiro que publicou essa informação originariamente na web. Há também quem defenda que a proteção de um direito de ser esquecido representaria uma ameaça grande demais para a liberdade de expressão e de informação. Diante deste quadro, esta dissertação visa a estabelecer quais podem ser as características e os limites do direito ao esquecimento na era digital, de acordo com o estado atual da legislação brasileira a respeito, confrontando-se tal direito com outros direitos e interesses públicos e privados (especialmente o direito à liberdade de expressão e à informação) e levando em conta as características de funcionamento da própria rede mundial de computadores, em especial das ferramentas de buscas. Tendo em vista a importância dos buscadores horizontais no exercício do acesso à informação e, além disso, as dificuldades relacionadas à retirada de URLs de todos os sítios em que tenham sido publicadas, nossa pesquisa focará no potencial – e nas dificuldades – de se empregar a regulação de tais ferramentas de busca para a proteção eficaz do direito ao esquecimento na era digital.

O direito à informação jornalística: garantias constitucionais ao direito de ser informado no sistema brasileiro.

The freedom of social communication referred to those freedoms exercised under of the media. The journalism is professional activity responsible for factual information, real, pluralistic and of the public interest, directed diffusely to social orientation. The right of the information, characterized as diffuse right or of fruition by uncertain and numerous holders, is subdivided in the right of the inform, inform yourself and right to be informed. The journalists, as occupants of a enlarged spectrum concerning of right of the inform, have responsibility for the information they disseminate, devoir that puts on the basis of the constitutional right to be informed. This duty is divided with journalistic companies, when them realized. In the research, examined the existence of constitutional guarantees the right to be informed. To answer the question, realized research to support bibliographical and documentary. The guaranty is a empirical preoccupation coated with legality, since lends itself effect concretize a right. Traced so a panel of guarantees of institutional imprint, substantive and procedural. Treating of the institutional guarantees the right to information, it would refer to true institutions (as the free press) and may begin subjective rights. In the case of substantial guarantees, we would have access to information, the confidentiality of the fonts and the incensurable feature of journalistic information. A guarantee peculiar would be constitution of bodies responsible for monitoring the quality of the vehicles of communication. Trace it also a panel strict of procedural safeguards, such as public civil action, the security s warrant, and the rights of petition and answer.

Responsabilidade civil como função social na distribuição e revenda de combustível face ao direito do consumidor e ao meio ambiente

The civil liability of the distribution and retail fuel stems from the fact business activity developed to be high risk and can be said as risk inherent or latent danger that has predictability and normality characterized by placing the consumer in a position of vulnerability, such as the environment, both public policies defined and constitutional protection. Consumer protection as a fundamental right and the environment as the primacy of social order aims the welfare and social justice, as inserted right to the third dimension, are guarded by the State when it creates operational standards through public policies and indirectly intervenes in the economic order. This intervention is due to consumer protection and the environment are economic order principles, founded on free initiative and free competition, ensuring everyone a dignified existence which underlies the irradiation of fundamental rights in private initiative, before the commercial evaluation, mass consumption, the emergence of new technologies that link consumers to the environment before the protection of life, health and safety and ensuring a better quality of life for present and future generations. To repair this damage and the right to information are provided as fundamental rights that put the person at the epicenter of the relations and collective interest stands out against individual interests that to be done need public-private partnership. In such a way that the used methodology was an analysis of documents correlating them with bibliographic sources whose goals are to recognize the civil responsibility as limit to subjective right, having to develop a social function where guilt and risk grow distant and the damage is configured as a consequence of inherent risk, requiring the State interventional postures in fulfilling its public policy; prevailing in these risky activities the solidarity of those involved in the chain of production and socialization of damage forward those are provided directly of products of hazardous nature that put in a position of vulnerability the environment and the consumer

Os crimes de mídia no paradigma democrático constitucional

The criminal responsibility of the media is analyzed when the criteria for production of news and events involving public safety are produced without considering the technical, legal and ethical practice of journalism in the media factors. Freedom of speech, expression of thought, necessary for professional qualifications and constitutional limits, reaching criminal constitutional principles and the possibilities of criminal liability for offenses practiced in the media are present as key factors legal dialogue in this work. The judgment of the Supreme Court on the unconstitutionality of Law nº. 5.250/67 called Media Law caused a gap in the national legal system, forcing the use of the criminal code to address issues that involve crimes produced in media professional performance. The presumption of innocence is ignored by the professional media during a police investigation where the information published does not respect, including constitutional guarantees: the right to privacy, honor and image. The right to information and the duty to inform media are worked in its constitutional aspect, considering that the same information should be produced is guided by the quality and guiding principles of truth. The constitutional concept of media is presented as information with the appropriate language of the news media, produced and disseminated through the vehicles of mass media, whether in print or digital platform. The presented model of the legal right to information is outlined from a constitutional hermeneutics, increasing the production of news as a result of the occupation of journalist in different news platforms, guaranteeing the quality of this prolific law. Under the Freedom of professional activity of the journalist, the constitutional limits are addressed in line with the reality of (non) regulation of their profession, considering the constitutional abuses committed in the exercise of that activity linked to communication fences. Jusphilosophic field reaches the limits of the duty of truth in journalism as a tool for spreading news, respect the audience and compatibility with the constitutional state. Using the conceptual and doctrinal aspects, this criminal offense is parsed from the journalistic practice and the publication of news involving public safety, with the hypothetical field consummation of that crime through the eventual intention. As a form of judgment against these crimes produced in honor media presents the court of the jury as a legitimate form of democratic decision

O direito fundamental contra a autoincriminação: a análise a partir de uma teoria do Processo Penal Constitucional

The right against self-incrimination is a fundamental right that works in the criminal prosecution, and therefore deserves a study supported by the general theory of criminal procedure. The right has a vague origin, and despite the various historical accounts only arises when there is a criminal procedure structured that aims to limit the State´s duty-power to punish. The only system of criminal procedure experienced that reconciles with seal self-incrimination is the accusatory model. The inquisitorial model is based on the construction of a truth and obtaining the confession at any cost, and is therefore incompatible with the right in study. The consecration of the right arises with the importance that fundamental rights have come to occupy in the Democratic Constitutional States. In the Brazilian experience before 1988 was only possible to recognize that self-incrimination represented a procedural burden for accused persons. Despite thorough debate in the Constituent Assembly, the right remains consecrated in a textual formula that´s closer to the implementation made by the Supreme Court of the United States, known as "Miranda warnings", than the text of the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that established originally the right against self-incrimination with a constitutional status. However, the imprecise text does not prevent the consecration of the principle as a fundamental right in Brazilian law. The right against self-incrimination is a right that should be observed in the Criminal Procedure and relates to several of his canons, such as the the presumption of not guilty, the accusatory model, the distribution of the burden of proof, and especially the right of defense. Because it a fundamental right, the prohibition of self-incrimination deserves a proper study to her constitutional nature. For the definition of protected persons is important to build a material concept of accused, which is different of the formal concept over who is denounced on the prosecution. In the objective area of protection, there are two objects of protection of the norm: the instinct of self-preservation of the subject and the ability to self-determination. Configuring essentially a evidence rule in criminal procedure, the analysis of the case should be based on standards set previously to indicate respect for the right. These standard include the right to information of the accused, the right to counsel and respect the voluntary participation. The study of violations cases, concentrated on the element of voluntariness, starting from the definition of what is or is not a coercion violative of self-determination. The right faces new challenges that deserve attention, especially the fight against terrorism and organized crime that force the development of tools, resources and technologies about proves, methods increasingly invasive and hidden, and allow the use of information not only for criminal prosecution, but also for the establishment of an intelligence strategy in the development of national and public security

Injustiça e poder segundo Noam Chomsky

Injustice and power according to Noam Chomsky. In the beginning of the Politics, Aristotle establishes the two lesser forms of sociability: the relationships between man and woman and between master and the slave. In this context, he observes that “Hellenes are natural masters of barbarians” and the reason is that Greeks know philosophy and barbarians still resort to violence (ARISTOTLE, Politics, 1252a.). Shortly after defines “just war” as a war that has a fair cause, that is, which is well justified by philosophy or a fair speech (ARISTOTLE, Politics, 1255a.). This scene briefly expresses the manner in which the USA understands their role in the contemporary world. Chomsky points out the political use of massive military force of his country and denounces how it articulates internally and externally. He affirms that politics is excessively submitted to “ideology”, to doxa, as opposed to natural sciences. His militancy, thus, only advocates freedom and unrestricted right to information. In Camelot, the Kennedy years (1993), for example, the MIT’s professor collects information from congressmen’s speeches and government officials and from secret documents made public and he explicits the methods and actions of the US government. Thereby he can conclude that the US has, for historical reasons, an internal posture that is advocate or contrary to what they imposes to other countries. Power and justice on the one hand, force and injustice on the other –according to their own political discourse.

Competências em relações públicas: qualidades profissionais para atuação em comunicação pública

The professional skills desirable to graduates in public relations are defined by many authors of scientific specialized literature, and are continually developed throughout the academic life of the PR student. There are many opportunities of learning aspects such as professional behavior, responsibilities and challenges in the activity's various branches. The field of public communication has particularities that must be respected in order to have an effective communication process with quality and focused vision for citizenship building. This paper examines the specificities of public communication in Brazil, characterized by innovations of the right to information on public social policies, and offers a contribution to the characterization of the necessary skills and abilities of the communicator of this field in the contemporary scenario

Estado e burocracia: limites de aplicação da Lei de Acesso a Informações no Brasil

Saudada como consequência de um complexo processo de evolução do arcabouço jurídico-institucional brasileiro, a Lei Federal 12.527, denominada Lei de Acesso a Informações, sancionada em 18 de novembro de 2011 e regulamentada no âmbito do Poder Executivo federal pelo Decreto 7.724, de 16 de maio de 2012, atende o pressuposto do direito à informação fixado pela Constituição Federal de 1988. Valores e práticas historicamente construídos podem significar obstáculos e resistências importantes à sua aplicação. Características do próprio texto legal, que vêm à tona quando comparado aos seus congêneres internacionais, também sinalizam possíveis complicadores. Este artigo indica limites que a Lei de Acesso a Informações pode enfrentar à sua consolidação, originários principalmente do campo da cultura político-institucional, que se tornam mais nítidos com o exame de características brasileiras em comparação com outros países que possuem dispositivos semelhantes.

Comunicação pública, transparência e políticas públicas: avaliação de informações em portais brasileiros de governo

An expansion of the professional field of Public Relations can be seen nowadays, influenced by factors such as the increasing use of information and communications technologies for the dissemination of information on public management and the potential creation of dialogue between government and citizens. Despite this trend, there is still a need for specific knowledge about normative aspects of public communication generated by governments on the internet and its role in the fulfillment of the right to information. This article offers a contribution to fulfill the gap of guidelines and standards for professional performance. It describes the results of empirical research which identified the potential contribution of government web portals of the main cities of São Paulo, in the southeastern Brazil, to the strengthening of citizenship, considered in its dimension of exercising the right to information about public policies, particularly those which have an impact on education. The depth and breadth of information were investigated according with twelve categories of evaluation: history; diagnoses; goals; goals; resources and current actions; planned resources and actions; efficiency; effectiveness; impact; cost-effectiveness; user satisfaction; and equity. The data found on the analyzed portals correspond to the average of 11% of which was considered, under the theoretical-methodological context of the research, as information necessary to comprise the full characterization of a public policy in relation to the categories of assessment. Opportunities to improve government web portals were detected, for which we suggest communication management strategies.

Manuais de conduta em mídias sociais e sua contribuição para a democracia digital: um estudo de manuais brasileiros

Information and communication technology have contributed to the realization of the ideals of citizen participation in public decisions, as well as to help in fighting corruption and wrongdoing in government. After all, democracy entails the right to information. The government, in many spheres, has encouraged the responsible use of the internet. Conduct manuals and standards have been published for public segments to direct the responsible use of these tools by their agents. This article aims to determine whether the manuals comply with the principles of digital democracy. Conduct manuals were analyzed in digital media from four Brazilian public organizations: Embrapa; Department of Communication of the Federal Government; Judiciary and Health Department of the Federal District. As a methodology, content analysis, based on criteria focused on transparency and encouraging civic engagement was used.

Comunicação pública para cidadania no avanço das redes sociais oficiais

The advancement in the deployment of social networks by governments can generate public communication initiatives, which may contribute to the strengthening of citizenship, understood as the exercise of the right to information about public management. This article describes results of research which assessed, through content analysis, the breadth and depth of information offered by the state government of São Paulo in news stories accessed through the social networks Twitter, YouTube, Facebook and Orkut which publicize purposes, lines of action and limits of public policies of immediate impact for citizenship, in the areas of welfare, health, education and environment. Results indicate that the analyzed sample contains, on average, from 28% to 40% of all information deemed necessary for the comprehensive and plural characterization of a public policy, according to the theoretical-methodological context of the research.

Internet e democracia: a qualidade da informação sobre políticas públicas de cultura em portais de governo

Public communication comprises the dissemination of information on the various aspects of public management, with transparency and accountability, including the use of the existing technological resources. Particularly in the field of cultural policies, the right to information must be exercised as a contribution to political participation and economic expansion. This paper presents the results of research that was investigated, through analysis of the content under thirteen categories of evaluation, of the quality of information on cultural policies in web portals of the different spheres of government in Brazil. The results show the lack of information on the processes of development and implementation of policies in that field.

Direito à informação pela mídia virtual e a sua responsabilidade

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS