Estabelecimento da composição volátil do nutriente FNI 210 usado pela Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) e dos extratos de diferentes espécies de plantas avaliação do potencial atrativo e repelente das plantas: avaliação do potencial atrativo e repelente das plantas

A mosca da fruta é uma das principais pragas agrícolas. Neste trabalho determinou-se a composição volátil do nutriente FNI 210 (proteína alimentar) e dos extratos de cinco plantas: Cedronella canariensis, Eucalyptus globulus, Laurus novocanariensis, Myrtus communis e Ruta chalepensis e avaliou-se o seu potencial atrativo e repelente em moscas adultas num olfatómetro em Y. A composição volátil do nutriente e dos extratos foi semelhante à encontrada por outros autores e apresentou compostos atrativos para a mosca da fruta. Nos bioensaios com o olfatómetro as moscas foram atraídas à proteína mas a percentagem média de respostas variou de acordo com o sexo, estado sexual, idade e número de indivíduos por grupo sendo mais alta aos 8 dias em grupos de 5. No geral, as fêmeas virgens responderam mais do que as não virgens e mais do que os machos virgens. O número de insetos que se dirigiram à proteína foi superior na primeira repetição nos primeiros 10 e 20 minutos. Contudo, em todos os bioensaios houve um número elevado de indivíduos não responderam. Nos bioensaios das plantas a resposta do mesmo grupo de 5 indivíduos com 8 dias foi testada três vezes no olfatómetro pela ordem seguinte: sem amostra, com proteína e com extrato de planta. Nos três casos as respostas dos adultos variaram de acordo com o sexo e estado sexual. As percentagens médias de respostas aos extratos foram superiores às obtidas nos ensaios sem amostra e menores que à proteína, á exceção do extrato de L. novocanariensis que apresentou um potencial atrativo superior ao da proteína nos machos virgens. Nos testes com o extrato, as respostas ao braço com amostra foram superiores ao braço sem amostra, à exceção das respostas das fêmeas não virgens ao extrato de R. chalepensis, o que sugere ser esta a única planta com potencial repelente.

A força das coisas: etapas do desenvolvimento histórico - notas de pesquisa

Este texto veio a constituir, modificado, o primeiro capítulo de nossa tese de mestrado - A Fênix tropical: nota crítica sobre o dualismo e a teoria da dependência, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo. Trata dos seguintes temas: I - A filosofia da história, o marxismo e a objetividade; II - O pensamento social brasileiro: as teorias do/sobre o desenvolvimento e o marxismo apologético: 1.º Werner Baer: a objetividade conservadora contra as paixões reformistas; 2.º Carlos Lessa: Industrialização como decisão; 3.º ISEB: objetividade reformista contra paixões socialistas; 4.º Maturidade política contra aventuras socialistas; III - Os pressupostos comuns.

Digital image analysis of root distribution towards improved irrigation water and soil management: Grapevine and date palm study cases

It is presented two study cases about the approach in root analysis at field and laboratory conditions based on digital image analysis. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) and date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) root systems were analyzed by both the monolith and trench wall method aided by digital image analysis. Correlation between root parameters and their fractional distribution over the soil profile were obtained, as well as the root diameter estimation. Results have shown the feasibility of digital image analysis for evaluation of root distribution.

Compilação para arquitetura reconfigurável

Pós-graduação em Ciência da Computação - IBILCE

CNO and F abundances in the globular cluster M22 (NGC 6656)

Context. Recent studies have confirmed the long standing suspicion that M 22 shares a metallicity spread and complex chemical enrichment history similar to that observed in omega Cen. M 22 is among the most massive Galactic globular clusters and its color-magnitude diagram and chemical abundances reveal the existence of sub-populations. Aims. To further constrain the chemical diversity of M 22, necessary to interpret its nucleosynthetic history, we seek to measure relative abundance ratios of key elements (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine) best studied, or only available, using high-resolution spectra at infrared wavelengths. Methods. High-resolution (R = 50 000) and high S/N infrared spectra were acquired of nine red giant stars with Phoenix at the Gemini-South telescope. Chemical abundances were calculated through a standard 1D local thermodynamic equilibrium analysis using Kurucz model atmospheres. Results. We derive [Fe/H] = -1.87 to -1.44, confirming at infrared wavelengths that M 22 does present a [Fe/H] spread. We also find large C and N abundance spreads, which confirm previous results in the literature but based on a smaller sample. Our results show a spread in A(C+N+O) of similar to 0.7 dex. Similar to mono-metallic globular clusters, M 22 presents a strong [Na/Fe]-[O/Fe] anticorrelation as derived from Na and CO lines in the K band. For the first time we recover F abundances in M 22 and find that it exhibits a 0.6 dex variation. We find tentative evidence for a flatter A(F)-A(O) relation compared to higher metallicity globular clusters. Conclusions. Our study confirms and expands upon the chemical diversity seen in this complex stellar system. All elements studied to date show large abundance spreads which require contributions from both massive and low mass stars.

Biochemical control of prostate cancer with iodine-125 brachytherapy alone: experience from a single institution

Brachytherapy is an adequate option as monotherapy for localised prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare biochemical failure free survival (BFFS) after low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDRB) alone for patients with prostate cancer using ASTRO and Phoenix criteria, and detect prognostic factors. Data on 220 patients treated between 1998 and 2002 with LDRB were retrospectively analysed. Neoadjuvant hormone therapy was used in 74 (33.6%) patients. Median follow-up was 53.5 months (24-116). Five year BFFS was 83.0% and 83.7% using, respectively, the ASTRO and Phoenix criteria. Low -and intermediate-risk patients presented, respectively, 86.7% and 77.8% 5-year BFFS using the ASTRO definition (p=0.069), and 88.5% and 78.6% considering the Phoenix criteria (p=0.016). Bounce was observed in 66 (30%) patients. Multivariate analysis detected PSA at diagnosis < 10 ng/ml and less than 50% positive biopsy fragments as favourable prognostic factors, regarding BF using both criteria. For the Phoenix criteria, also Gleason score < 7 and low-risk group were identified as independent favourable prognostic factors. LDRB alone should be considered mostly for low-risk patients. PSA level was a strong independent prognostic factor. We support the use of the Phoenix criteria for detection of BF in patients submitted to LDRB alone.

Facilitation of sodium intake by combining noradrenaline into the lateral parabrachial nucleus with prazosin peripherally

Injections of noradrenaline into the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) increase arterial pressure and 1.8% NaCl intake and decrease water intake in rats treated with the diuretic furosemide (FURO) combined with a low dose of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (CAP). In the present study, we investigated the influence of the pressor response elicited by noradrenaline injected into the LPBN on FURO+CAP-induced water and 1.8% NaCl intake. Male Holtzman rats with bilateral stainless steel guide-cannulas implanted into LPBN were used. Bilateral injections of noradrenaline (40 nmol/0.2 μl) into the LPBN increased FURO+CAP-induced 1.8% NaCl intake (12.2±3.5, vs., saline: 4.2±0.8 ml/180 min), reduced water intake and strongly increased arterial pressure (50±7, vs. saline: 1±1 mmHg). The blockade of the α1 adrenoceptors with the prazosin injected intraperitoneally abolished the pressor response and increased 1.8% NaCl and water intake in rats treated with FURO+CAP combined with noradrenaline injected into the LPBN. The deactivation of baro and perhaps volume receptors due to the cardiovascular effects of prazosin is a mechanism that may facilitate water and NaCl intake in rats treated with FURO+CAP combined with noradrenaline injected into the LPBN. Therefore, the activation of α2 adrenoceptors with noradrenaline injected into the LPBN, at least in dose tested, may not completely remove the inhibitory signals produced by the activation of the cardiovascular receptors, particularly the signals that result from the extra activation of these receptors with the increase of arterial pressure.

Inflammatory responses in the rat superior colliculus after eye enucleation

Ocular enucleation induces profound morphological alterations in central visual areas. However, little is known about the response of glial cells and possible inflammatory processes in visual brain areas resulting from eye enucleation. In this study, immunoblotting and immunostaining assays revealed increased expression of astrocyte and microglia markers in the rat superior colliculus (SC) between 1 and 15 days after contralateral enucleation. A transient increase of neuronal COX-2 protein expression was also found in the SC. To evaluate the role of an anti-inflammatory drug in attenuating both COX-2 and glial cell activation, the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) was administered (1mg/kg i.p., for 3 days) to enucleated rats. Immunoblotting data revealed that DEX treatment significantly inhibited COX-2 protein expression. Postlesion immunostaining for astrocyte and microglia markers was also significantly reduced by DEX treatment. These findings suggest that the removal of retinal ganglion cell input generates inflammatory responses in central retinorecipient structures

A forgotten little chapter on isoperimetric inequalities. On the fraction of a convex and closed plane area lying outside a circle with which it shares a diameter

[EN]Often some interesting or simply curious points are left out when developing a theory. It seems that one of them is the existence of an upper bound for the fraction of area of a convex and closed plane area lying outside a circle with which it shares a diameter, a problem stemming from the theory of isoperimetric inequalities. In this paper such a bound is constructed and shown to be attained for a particular area. It is also shown that convexity is a necessary condition in order to avoid the whole area lying outside the circle

Following the steps of spanish mathematical analysis: from Cauchy to Weierstrass between 1880 and 1914

[EN] Rigorous Mathematical Analysis in the Cauchy style was not accepted in a straightforward manner by the European mathematical community of the central years of the 19th Century. In average, only around forty years after the 1821 Cours d'Analyse did Cauchy's treatment become a standard in the more mathematically advanced countries, as a paradigm that remained in use until the arithmetisation of Analysis by Weierstrass replaced it before the end of the century. ln this paper the authors show how rigorous Mathematical Analysis à la Cauchy was adopted in Spain quite late -around 1880- and how in sorne more forty years, the Weierstrassian formulation became the usual presentation in Spanish texts

Biología de la conservación de endemismos vagetales de los parques nacionales canarios

[ES]El presente proyecto se centra en aplicar técnicas de biología molecular, demográficas y de biología reproductiva en cuatro endemismos canarios amenazados que se encuentran total o parcialmente localizados en los parques nacionales de Canarias: Silene nocteolens Webb & Berthel. (Parque Nacional del Teide, Tenerife); Ilex perado ssp. lopezlilloi (G. Kunkel) A. Hansen & Sunding (Parque Nacional Garajonay, La Gomera), Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz (Parque Nacional de la Caldera de Taburiente, La Palma) y Bencomia exstipulata Svent. (parques nacionales del Teide y Caldera de Taburiente). Se estableció un estudio genético a través de marcadores moleculares hipervariables, microsatélites, y se determinó para cada taxón la variación genética de sus poblaciones, para su posterior aplicación en la gestión en el ámbito de la Biología de la conservación de estos taxones.

Nuevas especies de líquenes para las Islas Canarias

Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Botánica. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife