Taking a New Look at Neo-Assyrian Gates

The Assyrian capitals are not only known for their magnificent temples and palaces, but also for their monumental city walls. The most impressive and at the same time most delicate features of all the town defenses were the city gates. As they interrupted the line of defense, they were al-ways a vulnerable spot of every system of fortifications. However, the walled cities’ economic needs demanded these gateways to be built, in order to ensure the steady flow of goods and pro-visions. Apart from that, they also had a significant ideological meaning, which is emphasized by many cuneiform texts. During the excavations of the Assyrian capitals of Ashur, Dūr Šarrūkīn, and Nineveh, a fairly large number of Assyrian city gates were brought to light. By re-examining the archaeological reports and employing remote sensing, many details of these structures can still be revealed. The paper aims at illuminating the different considerations that went into constructing these gates, as well as the development Assyrian city gates underwent and what may have influenced this process.

Neo-Assyrian concepts of fortification

The major cities of the Neo-Assyrian Empire were not only home to impressive palaces and temples, but they were also equipped with strong fortifications. The city walls were not only meant to keep out potential enemies, but by demonstrating Assyria’s power to any approaching person, they served an ideological purpose, as well. However, military efficiency was just as crucial, since, over its entire history, the empire repeatedly faced internal and external threats and could not have afforded to lose any of its urban centers which were essential to maintaining control over the various provinces or geographic regions associated with them. The study of Neo-Assyrian fortifications relies on evidence provided by archaeological excavations, the study of Assyrian reliefs and information from cuneiform texts. Even though these sources help us reconstruct the appearance of the town defenses, the question of why the individual fortification systems were built in a specific way cannot be addressed by these means alone. Remote sensing offers an opportunity to view the course and placement of the city walls within their topographical context. Furthermore, geographical information systems (GIS) offer a tool to illustrate the distribution of the strongly fortified Assyrian towns, thereby allowing us to recognize patterns and functions of regional fortification systems during the Neo-Assyrian period.

Rapid divergence in physiological and life-history traits between northern and southern populations of the British introduced neo-species, Senecio squalidus

Alien plants provide a unique opportunity to study evolution in novel environments, but relatively little is known about the extent to which they become locally adapted to different environments across their new range. Here, we compare northern and southern populations of the introduced species Senecio squalidus in Britain; S. squalidus has been in southern Britain for approximately 200 years and reached Scotland only about 50 years ago. We conducted common garden experiments at sites in the north and south of the species’ range in Britain. We also conducted glasshouse and growth chamber experiments to test the hypothesis that southern genotypes flower later, are more drought-tolerant, germinate and establish better at warmer temperatures, and are less sensitive to cold stress than their more northern counterparts. Results from the common garden experiments are largely consistent with the hypothesis of rapid adaptive divergence of populations of the species within the introduced range, with genotypes typically showing a home-site advantage. Results from the glasshouse and growth chamber experiments demonstrate adaptive divergence in ability to tolerate drought stress and high temperatures, as well as in phenology. In particular, southern genotypes were more tolerant of dry conditions and high temperatures and they flowered later than northern genotypes. Our results show that rapid local adaptation can occur in alien species, and they have implications for our understanding of the ecological genetics of range expansion of introduced weeds.

Liberalism and racism: an ‘elective affinity’?

This appraisal of David Scott FitzGerald and David Cook-Martín's Culling the Masses: The Democratic Origins of Racist Immigration Policy in the Americas argues that there is no ‘elective affinity’ between liberalism and racism, which is the core argument of the book. The notion of ‘elective affinity’, which the authors borrow from Max Weber, requires a structural homology between the ‘electively’ related elements that just does not exist in this case. The relationship between both is entirely contingent, ‘racism’ being a doctrine of inter-group relations while ‘liberalism’ is a doctrine of intra-group relations, with no consideration of how the boundaries of the group are constituted.

Chronic stress promotes tumor growth through increased BDNF production and neo-innervation

Background: Activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in response to chronic biobehavioral stress results in high levels of catecholamines and persistent activation of adrenergic signaling, which promotes tumor growth and progression. However it is unknown how catecholamine levels within the tumor exceed systemic levels in circulation. I hypothesized that neo-innervation of tumors is required for stress-mediated effects on tumor growth. Results: First, I examined whether sympathetic nerves are present in human ovarian cancer samples as well as orthotopic ovarian cancer models. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for neurofilament revealed that catecholaminergic neurons are present within tumor tissue. In order to determine whether chronic stress affects the density of nerves in the tumor, I utilized an orthotopic mouse model of ovarian cancer that was exposed to daily restraint stress. IHC analysis revealed that nerve density in tumors increased by more than three-fold in stressed animals versus non-stressed controls. IHC analysis suggested that this results from both recruitment of existing neurons (axonogenesis) as well as new neuron formation (neurogenesis) within the tumor. To determine how tumors are recruiting nerve growth, I utilized a PCR array analysis of 84 nerve growth related genes and their receptors, which showed that stimulation of the SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line with norepinephrine (NE) leads to increased expression of several neurotrophins, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Neurite extension assays showed that media conditioned by ovarian cancer cell lines is capable of inducing neurite outgrowth in differentiated neuron-like PC12 cells, and NE treatment of cancer cells potentiates this effect. Norepinephrine-induced neurite extension was abolished after BDNF silencing by siRNA, suggesting that BDNF is critical to tumor cell-induced nerve growth. in vivo BDNF inhibition resulted in complete abrogation of stress-induced increases in tumor weight and nerve density, as well as downstream markers of stress. Discussion: These studies indicate that adrenergic signalling induced by chronic stress promotes neo-innervation in the tumor microenvironment. This results in a mutually beneficial relationship between the tumor cells and neurons. This work is crucial for providing a link between chronic stress and its effects on the tumor and its microenvironment. The data shown here aims to open new venues that can be used in development of therapies designed to block the stress effects on tumor growth.

Politica social y trabajo social. La construcción de sentidos y practicas sobre la intervención social. De la filantropia a la neo filantropia. 16H191

Este proyecto focaliza su objeto de estudio en la relación política social – Trabajo Social. Más específicamente interesa la indagación de la producción discursiva sobre la cuestión social en distintos períodos históricos, la instalación de determinados sentidos y prácticas en torno de la misma y su vinculación con la configuración de la identidad y el quehacer profesional de los Trabajadores Sociales. Se parte del supuesto que los sentidos y prácticas en torno de la intervención sobre la cuestión social a lo largo de la historia argentina, contribuyeron a la construcción y consolidación de las características estructurales de la profesión. Tanto las características de las políticas sociales, como la configuración histórica del quehacer profesional en relación a ese campo, ayudan a entender sus actuales particularidades, a repensar sus posibilidades y límites en la construcción de ciudadanía, y a reflexionar sobre los sentidos y prácticas reproductoras de las condiciones que se pretenden atender, en el actual contexto de retracción de derechos. El tema de investigación es abordado a partir de cuatro grandes períodos, que a su vez suponen etapas en el desarrollo del proyecto. El primero coincidente con el surgimiento, desarrollo y posterior desaparición de la Sociedad de la Beneficencia, en el cual se gestaron las protoformas de la intervención social. El segundo asociado a la instalación del paradigma dominante de política social en el país y correspondiente con la profesionalización del Trabajo Social. El tercero vinculado al surgimiento del Desarrollismo, a partir cual la profesión modifica sus formas de intervención. Y el último correspondiente con la década del 90, en la que se instala un cambio paradigmático con relación a la política social en el país, reapareciendo con toda su fuerza la neofilantropía, a partir de la cual la profesión se ve interpelada a repensar su quehacer o a someterse a sus designios. Como unidad de estudio se abordará más específicamente el campo de actuación profesional en la provincia de Misiones. En el abordaje del objeto de estudio se prevé la utilización, principalmente, de métodos y técnicas cualitativas de investigación social. Además de los aportes teóricos de las ciencias sociales, especial interés para esta investigación, revisten los estudios del campo de la semiótica, la lingüística, la pragmática, las teorías del discurso, la teoría de las representaciones sociales, en el sentido que aportan herramientas teórico metodológicas para reflexionar en torno de la compleja relación entre lenguaje y sociedad, entre textualidades, discursos, representaciones, narrativas, y la constitución de sujetos, subjetividades, identidades, significaciones y valores compartidos, prácticas e imaginarios.

El "giro progresista". Apuntes sobre los alcances y límites del neo-desarrollismo argentino

Fil: Varesi, Gastón Angel. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

El fracaso de las políticas públicas del neo institucionalismo : El caso de los lajeros de la puna jujeña

Fil: Narodowski, Patricio. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

El (neo)tango en París. Acerca de un fenómeno paradójico en su espaciamiento y temporalización

Basándose en los conceptos derridianos del espaciamiento y temporalización, y en la actual discusión acerca del "giro espacial", la presentación se ocupará del renacimiento del tango en París en las últimas dos décadas. Se abordará, entre otros aspectos, la posición lemática del grupo Gotan Project y el desarrollo de la escena milonguera en la capital francesa tal como la describen Remi Hess y Christophe Apprill. Se planteará la pregunta hasta qué punto el tango se ha vuelto un fenómeno entrópico, es decir, internacional como el Jazz o el Rock. Parece que, al contrario de los estilos musicales de origen anglo-sajón, el tango nace y renace de un proceso de oscilación espacio-temporal entre Europa (y sobre todo París) y las capitales rioplatenses. Su éxito internacional se basa entonces en una reterritorialización para la cual tanto París como Buenos Aires y Montevideo son puntos imprescindibles de referencia.

Los territorios educativos del Programa Más Educación como nueva estrategia de "modernización" en contexto de (Neo) desenvolvimentismo

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo comprender los vínculos entre la estrategia de "modernización" educativa llamada territorios educativos de Programa de Más Educación y el permanente proceso de expansión de la escuela pública brasileña para las funciones que no hay clases. Por lo tanto, se realizó un análisis de los llamados documentos oficiales (BRASIL, 2013) que representa los fundamentos técnicos y teóricos del programa. El analise se realiza esde un enfoque teórico-metodológico vinculado a la tradición de materialismo histórico-dialéctico. destacado como categorías centrales para el análisis: la expansión de la escuela, la oferta educativa (ALGEBAILE, 2009), la modernización (OLIVEIRA, 1988) y la hegemonía (Gramsci, 1968). Los resultados indican que la estrategia de la "modernización" anunciada por los territorios educativos se mejoran las formas de revitalizar los "retrasos" que marca el escenario educativo brasileño. Este processo de modernización ocurre con el crecimiento de las oportunidades de capacitación diferenciadas y pobres para la gestión de la pobreza. En el plano macroeconómico y social, tal modernización ha permitido la mejora del modelo "liberal-periférico" en Brasil, la expresión de la subordinación moral e intelectual de la "retrasada" elite brasileña a los dictados de la burguesía representativas del capital financiero mundial

Hunefeldt, Christine: Liberalism in the Bedroom: Quarrelling Spouses in Nineteenth -Century Lima; The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, Pennsylvania, 2000. XVII + 388 p.

Fil: Mallo, Josefina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.