Ecogenômica de archaea e monitoramento de comunidades de procariotos redutores de sulfato: aplicações na indústria de petróleo e gás

The human activities responsible for the ambient degradation in the modern world are diverse. The industrial activities are preponderant in the question of the impact consequences for brazilian ecosystems. Amongst the human activities, the petroliferous industry in operation in Potiguar Petroliferous Basin (PPB) displays the constant risk of ambient impacts in the integrant cities, not only for the human populations and the environment, but also it reaches the native microorganisms of Caatinga ground and in the mangrove sediment. Not hindering, the elaboration of strategies of bioremediation for impacted areas pass through the knowledge of microbiota and its relations with the environment. Moreover, in the microorganism groups associated to oil, are emphasized the sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) that, in its anaerobic metabolism, these organisms participate of the sulfate reduction, discharging H2S, causing ambient risks and causing the corrosion of surfaces, as pipelines and tanks, resulting in damages for the industry. Some ancestries of PRS integrate the Archaea domain, group of microorganisms whose sequenced genomes present predominance of extremophilic adaptations, including surrounding with oil presence. This work has two correlated objectives: i) the detection and monitoring of the gene dsrB, gift in sulfate-reducing prokaryotes, through DGGE analysis in samples of mDNA of a mangrove sediment and semiarid soil, both in the BPP; ii) to relate genomic characteristics to the ecological aspects of Archaea through in silico studies, standing out the importance to the oil and gas industry. The results of the first work suggest that the petrodegraders communities of SRP persist after the contamination with oil in mangrove sediment and in semiarid soil. Comparing the populations of both sites, it reveals that there are variations in the size and composition during one year of experiments. In the second work, functional and structural factors are the probable cause to the pressure in maintenance of the conservation of the sequences in the multiple copies of the 16S rDNA gene. Is verified also the discrepancy established between total content GC and content GC of the same gene. Such results relating ribosomal genes and the ambient factors are important for metagenomic evaluations using PCR-DGGE. The knowledge of microbiota associated to the oil can contribute for a better destination of resources by the petroliferous industry and the development of bioremediation strategies. Likewise, search to lead to the best agreement of the performance of native microbiota in biogeochemical cycles in Potiguar Petroliferous Basin ecosystem

Análise do monitoramento de descargas atmosféricas na área de concessão da companhia força e luz do oeste em Guarapuava, Estado do Paraná

Aiming to analyze the monitoring of the atmospheric discharges incidence, the concession area of Companhia Forca e Luz do Oeste (CFLO) - Western Power and Light Company, located in the district of Guarapuava, state of Parana was chosen for a study developed in 2003, from January to December. After the air masses dynamics description, it was possible to identify the occurrence of atmospheric discharges and to compare them to the energy interruptions. To that end, atmospheric discharges density maps were created within the CFLO concession area for a later analysis of their influence in the electric energy supply. The monitoring of the atmospheric discharges and the comparison between this phenomenon and the occurrence of interruptions in the electric energy supply enabled this study. Results showed that such events are directly related, and that the rural area of the region under study underwent a major interference.

Centro de Informação sobre Medicamentos - CIM: avaliação da informação prestada

Providing information about medication, an essential function of pharmaceutical practice to ensure rational drug use, is an important activity of hospital pharmacy services. The Drug Information Center of Onofre Lopes University Hospital (DIC-HUOL) initiated its activities in 1979 with the first Clinical Pharmacy Service in Brazil. The aim of this study was to assess information provided by DIC-HUOL, describing the profile of passive information offered by the center. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the profile of information requests (IR). One hundred percent of the IR received by the DIC between January 2008 and December 2009 were used. The results were divided by year to determine the influence of the restructuring process that occurred in 2008 and 2009. The study at DIC-HUOL showed a mean of 5.5 IR/month in 2008 and 20.3 IR/month in 2009; the mean of the last year is comparable to that of other Brazilian DIC. Most of the IR were made by medical residents (22.7%) in 2008 and by pharmacists (32.5%) in 2009. The significant use of the DIC by medical residents may be due to its location in a university hospital. The most recurrent types of IR concerned issues related to pathway/mode of administration (16.8%) and drug stability (13.1%) in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Requests were made verbally in 100% of the cases in 2008 and 78.8% in 2009, owing to the fact that most of the DIC users were professionals from the hospital itself. Time elapsed between request and response was not reported in 83.3% and 21.3% of the cases in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The most widely used bibliographic source during the two years was MICROMEDEX®, with 41.9% and 39.2%, respectively. The restructuring process had a positive influence on the DIC-HUOL, exhibiting similar parameters to those of other Brazilian DIC, but some of these parameters must be improved to achieve international standards

Monitoramento da variabilidade genética de pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, do programa de aumento de estoque do rio Paranapanema

Avaliou-se a variabilidade genética dos estoques de reprodutores e dos peixes jovens de Piaractus mesopotamicus de três pisciculturas do estado do Paraná, utilizadas no programa de aumento de estoque de peixes no rio Paranapanema. Foi utilizado o marcador RAPD para avaliar as amostras do estoque de reprodutores e dos peixes jovens das pisciculturas de Palotina, Cambará e Andirá. A porcentagem de fragmentos polimórficos e o índice de diversidade genética de Shannon dos estoques de reprodutores variaram de 75,0% a 71,4% e de 0,434 a 0,376, respectivamente. Os peixes jovens das pisciculturas apresentaram valores mais elevados para ambos os parâmetros, com exceção da piscicultura de Palotina, na qual o índice de diversidade genética de Shannon foi semelhante. Os estoques de reprodutores apresentaram alta variabilidade genética, e esta foi mantida nos peixes jovens.

Avaliação da publicidade de medicamentos veiculada nas principais emissoras de rádio de Natal-RN

Drugs advertising is one of the most important marketing resources used by the pharmaceutical industry to induce people to buy these products although they do not have the real necessity to use them. The purpose of this article is to evaluate drugs advertisings transmitted on radio stations in Natal/RN, from October 2007 to September 2008. Were collected 228 advertising pieces, where, 21 were different among themselves and corresponded to 15 drugs. The results showed that 73,3% of the drugs ads were announced on AM station and 26,7% on FM station. The majority of the drugs were constituted of analgesics (26%), following by antiacids, vitamins, phitotherapics (13% each). The legal analysis showed that each advertising had some kind of infraction. The omission of the registration number happened in each advertising, following by the totally lack of contraindications (95,2%) and contraindications DCB/DCI (76,2%). In 42,9% advertisements were observed the relation between drugs use and physique/intellectual/emotional/sexual performance and/or beauty and 33% of them had abusive exploration of illnesses. The obligatory warning was omitted in 28,6% and the offer of financial bonus happened in 9,5% cases. The content analysis demonstrated that the most persuasion and convincing elements observed were indicatives of consumption appeal (34,2%). The study indicates the necessity of the topic drugs advertisements to be treated in a wide context, that is, to be discussed as a public health concern. Although the advertising regulation and inspection is the State responsibility , this should be shared with the advertising agency, pharmaceutical industry and media. Furthermore, it is indispensable to inform and to conscience the population of their rights in such mistaken situation

A propaganda de medicamentos voltados à clínica obstétrica e/ou ginecológica e sua influência sobre a prescrição

INTRODUCTION: Drug advertisement stimulates self-medication and irrational use of medicines, especially when it starts to interfere in the prescription. Monitoring advertisements, as well as the observation of its influence on health professionals, prescriptions become necessary because of this public health problem. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to analyze drug advertisements directed to gynecologists and/or obstetricians doctors relating them to the current legislation as well as its influence on prescription. METHODOLOGY: The sample was composed of drug advertisements divulged to the gynecologists and / or obstetricians doctors and was analyzed according to RDC96/2008. To evaluate the influence of advertisement on prescription, a questionnaire was administered to gynecologists / obstetricians doctors and prescriptions of a public maternity were also evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Concerning the advertisements analyzed, 48% complied fully with current legislation and 52% of the advertisements analyzed were in accordance to the RDC No. 96/2008 in most of the items evaluated. The doctors interviewed are used to receive the visits of propagandists, even in the public service, receiving gifts offered by the industry and believe that medicine advertisement tries to influence prescribing. Many of them use the material provided by the propagandist as a source for their prescription, although they present a critical view about them information. The use of trade name / mark on the prescription is a common practice among the doctors interviewed, even in the public service, suggesting there is an influence of medicine advertisement on the prescription

Monitoramento da broca-pequena-do-fruto para tomada de decisão de controle em tomateiro estaqueado

Avaliou-se a relação entre o índice de plantas com ovos e de adultos da broca-pequena-do-fruto capturados em armadilhas com feromônio sexual, bem como a influência da infestação na produção da cultura do tomate. Estas avaliações objetivaram aperfeiçoar a tomada de decisão de controle pela densidade de adultos capturados nas armadilhas. em Monte Mor, estado de São Paulo, áreas comerciais de cultivo de tomate foram divididas em parcelas experimentais para a instalação de armadilhas. em intervalos médios de 3,7 dias foi avaliada a densidade de adultos capturados e a infestação de plantas com ovos nos frutos. O estudo foi conduzido entre as safras de 2003 e 2007 para os cultivos em ciclo de verão e inverno. As avaliações foram realizadas até o término da colheita e foi definida a produção comercializada e a descartada. O controle químico foi realizado quando a infestação atingia o nível de 5% de plantas com ovos nos frutos. A pressão populacional foi mais expressiva nos cultivos em ciclo de verão. O aumento no número de machos capturados nas armadilhas com feromônio sexual correspondeu a um incremento na infestação de ovos nos frutos e houve influência positiva da infestação de plantas com a produção descartada. A instalação das armadilhas deve anteceder o florescimento e a tomada de decisão de controle ocorrer no prazo médio de oito dias após a captura média de 0,24 e 0,23 adultos na armadilha por dia para os cultivos de tomate em ciclo de verão e inverno, respectivamente.

Dimensionamento de amostras para monitoramento do ácaro da leprose Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) em citros

O controle do ácaro Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939), transmissor do vírus da leprose, deve ser realizado quando sua população atinge o nível de ação, obtido pelo monitoramento de sua população, por meio de amostragens. Objetivou-se determinar o tamanho da amostra aceitável para estimar a população do ácaro, para posterior tomada de decisão. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Cambuhy, Matão - SP, no ano agrícola 2003-2004. Escolheu-se ao acaso um talhão da variedade Valência, com oito anos de idade, plantada no espaçamento 7x3,5m, com 2.480 plantas. Nesse talhão, foram inspecionados 1; 2; 3; 5; 10 e 100% das plantas, o que corresponde a 25; 50; 74; 124; 248 e 2.480 plantas, respectivamente, em caminhamento no sentido das linhas de plantio. Foram amostrados 3 frutos ou, na ausência destes, eram analisados ramos. de acordo com os resultados obtidos, observa-se que a porcentagem de erro na estimativa da média para a porcentagem de frutos com presença de ácaros, quando se amostra apenas 1% das plantas (25 plantas), é de 50%, ou seja, para uma infestação de 10%, a variação da porcentagem de frutos infestados estaria entre 5 e 15%, levando o produtor a subestimar ou a superestimar o nível de infestação, aumentando os gastos com pulverizações desnecessárias ou um controle ineficiente do ácaro. Para que o erro na amostragem fique dentro da situação aceitável, de 20 a 30% (em média 25%) de erro, deveriam ser amostradas 105 plantas. Na porcentagem de frutos com mais de 10 ácaros, verifica-se que, para a situação aceitável (20 a 30%), devem ser inspecionadas 540 plantas.

O direito à saúde: a medida do dever do estado de fornecer Medicamentos de dispensação excepcional à sociedade sob a ótica do desenvolvimento

It is a fact that the fundamental rights of citizens are being recognized and guaranteed by the state over time, regardless of the belief that if these rights has always been part of the heritage of subjective individuals, or whether they will be aggregated during the course of human history. In that, emerged the rights of freedom of men and, subsequently, the rights to create a situation of equality between the humans, the so-called social rights. In turn, as these rights known as social, to be implemented, need a positive action by the state, more precisely by the state power whose function is to manage public money and create policies for implementation of fundamental rights. Given this, pay attention to the right to health, was created the Programa de Medicamentos de Dispensação Excepcional, which aims to provide high-cost medicines to citizens Brazilian carriers of serious diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Mal Hepatitis C. Also on the program, it provides a way which will be mandatory that the drugs will be offered in such situations, and does not include a means of updating the list predicted able to monitor the progress of medicine that have been in the interest of the program. Given that, at present it is necessary to mention the recognition of another fundamental right: the right to development, which is the right of access to positive actions being implemented by the State, which are nothing more than public policy, gender which the Programa de Medicamentos de Dispensação Excepcional is kind. Thus, through the search in legislation and doctrine in relation to the theme, this work has the aim to examine the extent of the state to provide exceptional dispensing of medicines. Specifically, if the State in attention to the right to development and the implementation of the right to health, can really list exhaustively the drugs to be provided by the State, and what are the elements guiding this choice and how to control the same

O direito à saúde e a política nacional de atenção oncológica: uma análise a partir da crescente judicialização dos medicamentos antineoplásicos

The 1988 Federal Constitution of Brazil by presenting the catalog of fundamental rights and guarantees (Title II) provides expressly that such rights reach the social, economic and cultural rights (art. 6 of CF/88) as a means not only to ratify the civil and political rights, but also to make them effective and practical in the life of the Brazilian people, particularly in the prediction of immediate application of those rights and guarantees. In this sense, health goes through condition of universal right and duty of the State, which should be guaranteed by social and economic policies aimed at reducing the risk of disease and other hazards, in addition to ensuring universal and equal access to actions and services for its promotion, protection and recovery (Article 196 by CF/88). Achieving the purposes aimed by the constituent to the area of health is the great challenge that requires the Health System and its managers. To this end, several policies have been structured in an attempt to establish actions and services for the promotion, protection and rehabilitation of diseases and disorders to health. In the mid-90s, in order to meet the guidelines and principles established by the SUS, it was established the Política Nacional de Atenção Oncológica PNAO, in an attempt to sketch out a public policy that sought to achieve maximum efficiency and to be able to give answers integral to effective care for patients with cancer, with emphasis on prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care. However, many lawsuits have been proposed with applications for anticancer drugs. These actions have become very complex, both in the procedural aspects and in all material ones, especially due to the highcost drugs more requested these demands, as well as need to be buoyed by the scientific evidence of these drugs in relation to proposed treatments. The jurisprudence in this area, although the orientations as outlined by the Parliament of Supreme Court is still in the process of construction, this study is thus placed in the perspective of contributing to the effective and efficient adjudication in these actions, with focus on achieving the fundamental social rights. Given this scenario and using research explanatory literature and documents were examined 108 lawsuits pending in the Federal Court in Rio Grande do Norte, trying to identify the organs of the Judiciary behave in the face of lawsuits that seeking oncology drugs (or antineoplastic), seeking to reconcile the principles and constitutional laws and infra constitutional involving the theme in an attempt to contribute to a rationalization of this judicial practice. Finally, considering the Rational Use of health demands and the idea of belonging to the Brazilian people SUS, it is concluded that the judicial power requires ballast parameters of their decisions on evidence-based medicine, aligning these decisions housing constitutional principles that the right to health and the scientific conclusions of efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency in oncology drugs, when compared to the treatments offered by SUS

Parâmetros de concretização judicial do direito fundamental à saúde no fornecimento de medicamentos

In Brazil, social rights have always been considered secondary legal categories, whose implementation could wait for the pending of political decisions. At the end of the Second World War, International Law emphasizes the protection of human beings, raising his dignity as a legal pillar of the legal orders and one of the main foundations of Constitutions. At the post-positivism Constitutionalism, the realization of social rights receives special attention with the assumption of supremacy and normativity of the Constitutions, while the judiciary participates in the realization of democracy, not only as applicator of laws, but also as the guardian of constitutionality of the acts and administrative omissions, creatively contributing to the constitutional achievement, filling gaps and normative state omissions. In this aspect, the supply of medicines, whose costs can not be supported by the individual, keep a close connection with the right to life, health and dignity of the human being, as the subject of numerous lawsuits directed against the Public Administration. Such phenomenon has caused intense debate regarding judicial activism and legitimacy of these decisions, particularly on the need to define what are the limits and possibilities considering the principle of separation of powers and the principle of reserve of the possible; bieng this the problematic developed in this research. Thus, this research aims to verify the legitimacy of judicial decisions that determines to the Public Administration the compulsory providing of medicine to those who can not afford the cost of their treatment, as well as, contribute to the dogmatic constructions of parameters to be observed by judicial interference. Regarding the methodology, this research has an investigative and descriptive caracter and an theoretical approach based on bibliographical data collection (judicial and doutrine decisions) that received qualitative treatment and dialectical approach. As a result, it is known that the judicial decision that determines the supply of medicines to those individuals who can not afford them with their own resources is legitimate and complies with the democratic principle, not violating the principle of separation of powers and the reserve of the possible, since the judicial decison is not stripped with an uniform and reasonable criteria, failing to contain high burden of subjectivism and witch signifies a possible exacerbation of functions by the judiciary, suffering, in this case, of requirement of legal certainty. It is concluded that the Court decision that determines the government the providing of medicine to those who can not afford the cost of treatment should be based on parameters such as: the protection of human dignity and the minimum existencial principle, the inafastable jurisdiction principle; compliance critique of the possible reserve principle; subsidiarity of judicial intervention; proportionality (quantitative and qualitative) in the content of the decision; the questioning about the reasons for non-delivery of the drug through administrative via; and, finally, the attention not to turn the judiciary into a mere production factor of the pharmaceutical industry, contributing to the cartelization of the right to health

Avaliação da cobertura e monitoramento do branqueamento de corais nos

Coral bleaching has been increasingly the focus of research around the world since the early 1980s, when it was verified to be increasing in frequency, intensity and amount of areas affected. The phenomenon has been recorded since 1993, associated with elevation of the sea surface temperature due to El Niños and water thermal anomalies, according to most reports around the world. On the coast of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, a mass coral bleaching event was recorded in the Environmental Protection Area of Coral Reefs (APARC) during March and April 2010, when the water temperature reached 34°C for several days. About 80% of the corals in Maracajaú reef-complex exhibited partial or total bleaching. The aims of this study were to verify representativeness of coral coverage and how the bleaching dynamic has developed among different species. Coral coverage was estimated according to Reef Check Brazil protocol associated with quadrant method, and bleaching was evaluated from biweekly visual surveys in 80 colonies of Favia gravida, Porites astreoides, Siderastrea stellata and Millepora alcicornis. At the same time temperature, pH, salinity and horizontal transparency, as well as mortality and disease occurrence were monitored. Analysis of variance and Multiple Regression from the perspective of time lag concept were used to evaluate the bleaching dynamics among species and the relationship between variation of means of bleaching and variations of abiotic parameters, respectively. Species showed significant differences among themselves as to variation of means of bleaching over time, but the dynamic of variation exhibited similar patterns

Monitoramento de variáveis de qualidade da água do Horto Ouro Verde - Conchal - SP

O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido em área do Horto Ouro Verde, de propriedade da International Paper do Brasil, localizado no município de Conchal - SP, tendo por objetivo monitorar algumas variáveis de qualidade da água em duas condições do uso do solo (mata nativa e eucalipto). Para tanto, coletou-se água mensalmente em seis pontos ao longo do curso d'água, de maneira representativa dos diferentes usos do solo. As variáveis analisadas foram temperatura (T), oxigênio dissolvido (OD), matéria orgânica (MO) e potencial hidrogeniônico (pH). Foram encontradas diferenças significativas na matéria orgânica para os pontos P3 (mata nativa) e P6 (eucalipto), e no oxigênio dissolvido para os pontos P1 (mata nativa) e P6 (eucalipto), e quando comparadas às médias do somatório dos efeitos em cada tipo de manejo do solo, não houve diferenças significativas para todas as variáveis estudadas.

Monitoramento de raças de Bremia lactucae em 2010 e 2011 no Estado de São Paulo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Intervalo hídrico ótimo no monitoramento da compactação e da qualidade física de um latossolo vermelho cultivado com soja

A qualidade física do solo é essencial ao crescimento das plantas e à sustentabilidade dos sistemas agrícolas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência do intervalo hídrico ótimo (IHO) no monitoramento da compactação e qualidade física do solo para soja em cultivo de sequeiro e irrigado. O experimento foi realizado em Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico (21 ° 14 ' 53S; 48 ° 17 ' 20W; 540 m de altitude). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 6 x 2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos de compactação foram: T1 = sem compactação; T2 = 1 passada de trator de 4 t; T3 = 1; T4 = 2; T5 = 4; e T6 = 6 passadas de um trator de 11 t, no mesmo local. Foi semeada a soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), cultivar IAC Foscarim 31. Foram coletadas amostras indeformadas de solo nas camadas de 3-6, 8-11, 15-18 e 22-25 cm, para determinação dos atributos físicos. Na colheita, foi avaliada a produtividade de soja em microparcela de 3,37 m². No cultivo de soja sequeiro e irrigado, a produtividade diminui a partir da resistência à penetração (RP) de 1,30 e 1,64 MPa e da densidade do solo (Ds) de 1,26 e 1,29 kg dm-3, com perdas de 19,15 e 11,71 % no maior nível de compactação (RP = 2,84 MPa; Ds = 1,45 kg dm-3), respectivamente. O IHO foi reduzido pela RP até atingir a Dsc(IHO = 0) de 1,33 e 1,38 kg dm-3, no cultivo de soja sequeiro e irrigado. O IHO é adequado no monitoramento da compactação e da qualidade física do solo para soja, quando sua aplicação é realizada com base no valor de resistência à penetração limitante e no valor de densidade crítica do solo (IHO = 0). A soja em cultivo irrigado tolera maior compactação.