Ações e percepções ambientais articuladas na sustentabilidade: estudos de múltiplos casos na indústria calçadista

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Simulación dinámica y térmica de una habitación de acuerdo con el Código Técnico de la Edificación

El Código Técnico de la edificación (CTE), es el marco normativo por el que se regulan las exigencias básicas de calidad que deben de cumplir los edificios. Dichas exigencias establecen los requisitos imprescindibles en el ámbito de seguridad estructural, seguridad de utilización ahorro de energía, aislamiento térmico, higiene, salud, protección del medio ambiente…. y se rigen, cada una de ellas, por su norma específica (Norma UNE). La norma ISO 7730:2006 es una norma internacional que aborda la evaluación del medio ambiente, en el interior de un edificio, tal y como se recoge en el CTE. Con este propósito la norma establece la predicción de índices de calidad del aire IAQ (Indoor Air cuality) así como de la predicción del campo de velocidades, de temperatura y, en general, de todas las magnitudes físicas, características, tanto del aire como de los elementos constructivos utilizados en la edificación. Basándonos en estos criterios el objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los primeros resultados obtenidos en la simulación de parámetros de confort en una habitación, de una vivienda construida con criterios bioclimáticos, mediante el programa de simulación STAR_CCM+ de Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Utilizando STAR_CCM+ diseñamos la habitación en estudio y simulamos el campo de velocidades y de temperatura, en el interior de la misma, para distintas configuraciones de aberturas utilizando los criterios de velocidad y de temperatura del aire dado por la ISO 7730:2006. En esta línea se está investigando actualmente y el trabajo que se presenta muestra que el programa de simulación utilizado permite, por un lado, diseñar la disposición más adecuada de las aberturas en una habitación en particular, y de una vivienda en general, y, por otro lado, hacer un estudio cualitativo y cuantitativo de los parámetros de confort en diferentes situaciones meteorológicas, de acuerdo con el CTE, incluso antes de que la vivienda esté construida

Desarrollo de un Laboratorio Virtual para la realización de e-comparisons en los ensayos de aislamiento acústico de fachadas según UNE-EN ISO 140-5

Actualmente son una práctica común los procesos de normalización de métodos de ensayo y acreditación de laboratorios, ya que permiten una evaluación de los procedimientos llevados a cabo por profesionales de un sector tecnológico y además permiten asegurar unos mínimos de calidad en los resultados finales. En el caso de los laboratorios de acústica, para conseguir y mantener la acreditación de un laboratorio es necesario participar activamente en ejercicios de intercomparación, utilizados para asegurar la calidad de los métodos empleados. El inconveniente de estos ensayos es el gran coste que suponen para los laboratorios, siendo en ocasiones inasumible por estos teniendo que renunciar a la acreditación. Este Proyecto Fin de Grado se centrará en el desarrollo de un Laboratorio Virtual implementado mediante una herramienta software que servirá para realizar ejercicios de intercomparación no presenciales, ampliando de ese modo el concepto e-comparison y abriendo las bases a que en un futuro este tipo de ejercicios no presenciales puedan llegar a sustituir a los llevados a cabo actualmente. En el informe primero se hará una pequeña introducción, donde se expondrá la evolución y la importancia de los procedimientos de calidad acústica en la sociedad actual. A continuación se comentará las normativas internacionales en las que se soportará el proyecto, la norma ISO 145-5, así como los métodos matemáticos utilizados en su implementación, los métodos estadísticos de propagación de incertidumbres especificados por la JCGM (Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology). Después, se hablará sobre la estructura del proyecto, tanto del tipo de programación utilizada en su desarrollo como la metodología de cálculo utilizada para conseguir que todas las funcionalidades requeridas en este tipo de ensayo estén correctamente implementadas. Posteriormente se llevará a cabo una validación estadística basada en la comparación de unos datos generados por el programa, procesados utilizando la simulación de Montecarlo, y unos cálculos analíticos, que permita comprobar que el programa funciona tal y como se ha previsto en la fase de estudio teórico. También se realizará una prueba del programa, similar a la que efectuaría un técnico de laboratorio, en la que se evaluará la incertidumbre de la medida calculándola mediante el método tradicional, pudiendo comparar los datos obtenidos con los que deberían obtenerse. Por último, se comentarán las conclusiones obtenidas con el desarrollo y pruebas del Laboratorio Virtual, y se propondrán nuevas líneas de investigación futuras relacionadas con el concepto e-comparison y la implementación de mejoras al Laboratorio Virtual. ABSTRACT. Nowadays it is common practise to make procedures to normalise trials methods standards and laboratory accreditations, as they allow for the evaluation of the procedures made by professionals from a particular technological sector in addition to ensuring a minimum quality in the results. In order for an acoustics laboratory to achieve and maintain the accreditation it is necessary to actively participate in the intercomparison exercises, since these are used to assure the quality of the methods used by the technicians. Unfortunately, the high cost of these trials is unaffordable for many laboratories, which then have to renounce to having the accreditation. This Final Project is focused on the development of a Virtual Laboratory implemented by a software tool that it will be used for making non-attendance intercomparison trials, widening the concept of e-comparison and opening the possibility for using this type of non-attendance trials instead of the current ones. First, as a short introduction, I show the evolution and the importance today of acoustic quality procedures. Second, I will discuss the international standards, such as ISO 145-5, as well the mathematic and statistical methods of uncertainty propagation specified by the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology, that are used in the Project. Third, I speak about the structure of the Project, as well as the programming language structure and the methodology used to get the different features needed in this acoustic trial. Later, a statistical validation will be carried out, based on comparison of data generated by the program, processed using a Montecarlo simulation, and analytical calculations to verify that the program works as planned in the theoretical study. There will also be a test of the program, similar to one that a laboratory technician would carry out, by which the uncertainty in the measurement will be compared to a traditional calculation method so as to compare the results. Finally, the conclusions obtained with the development and testing of the Virtual Laboratory will be discussed, new research paths related to e-comparison definition and the improvements for the Laboratory will be proposed.

Análise comparativa dos métodos da ISO 13790 e sua adequabilidade na estimativa das necessidades de energia para aquecimento e arrefecimento e da temperatura do ar interior

Tese de mestrado integrado em Engenharia da Energia e do Ambiente, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2016

Caso de estudio. Camino a la excelencia.

Se trata de cómo una Institución Prestadora de Servicios de Salud,creada para dar atención a problemas médicos de alta complejidad, luego de cinco años de funcionamiento y con base en el mejoramiento continuo,decide implementar un Sistema de Gestión de Calidad bajo la Norma ISO 9000:2000, para garantizar la permanencia de servicios de excelente calidad y lograr mayor competitividad en el mercado al cumplir estándares internacionales y así poder posicionarse nacional e internacionalmente como una alternativa en la prestación de servicios de salud con orientación académica.Una vez certificada bajo la normal entidad se ve enfrentada a la normatividad legal vigente y a nuevos retos.

Plan estratégico en eficiencia energética para centros comerciales con proyección a la certificación Iso 50001

Tesis (Ingeniero(a) Eléctrico).--Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ingeniería. Programa de Ingeniería Eléctrica, 2014

La poesía de Ángel González: Segundo tiempo

Para la cita de los poemas de Ángel González hasta Nada grave he empleado la quinta impresión de su obra completa, Palabra sobre palabra, publicada por Seix Barral en enero de 2008. No obstante, también he trabajado directamente sobre primeras ediciones1 de Muestra de algunos procedimientos narrativos y de las actitudes sentimentales que habitualmente comportan; Muestra, corregida y aumentada, de algunos procedimientos narrativos y de las actitudes sentimentales que habitualmente comportan, y de Prosemas o menos, aunque la referencia final contemple en todos los casos las páginas que ocupan en la obra conjunta. En el comentario de Otoños y otras luces, además de su ya mencionada obra completa, he consultado un ejemplar editado por Tusquets en febrero de 2002 (4ª edición); y para la reseña de su póstumo Nada grave, la primera edición de la Colección Palabra de Honor, publicada por Visor en mayo de 2008, unos meses después de la muerte del poeta. Los poemas titulados por el autor se citan en letra redonda entre comillas angulares («...»); sin embargo, en los casos en los que la composición carece de epígrafe he empleado el primer verso escrito en cursiva enmarcado con comillas inglesas (“...”). El sistema de cita se ajusta a la norma ISO 690-I, haciendo constar entre paréntesis el apellido del autor, el año de edición, y si procede, la/s página/s (AUTOR, AÑO: N.º PÁG.). Las obras firmadas por varios autores se señalan mediante la abreviatura VV.AA. separada del año mediante una coma (VV.AA., AÑO: N.º PÁG.). Si el nombre del autor se encuentra en el texto próximo a la cita, solo se indica el año y la página...

Material didáctico de la asignatura Gestión y control de la calidad en las organizaciones

En estos documentos se explican los aspectos generales sobre el control y la gestión de la calidad en las organizaciones. Comprenden una introducción sobre las organizaciones, su estructura y naturaleza, conceptos básicos sobre calidad, como se debe implantar una norma de calidad, en concreto la más utilizada a nivel mundial como es la ISO 9001 y, por último, se presenta como se debe realizar ese proceso de implantación y el de certificación del sistema de gestión de la calidad ISO 9001.

A avaliação da qualidade do preenchimento dos metadados do Acervo de Recursos Educacionais em Saúde (ARES)

Estudo da qualidade das informações preenchidas nos metadados do Acervo de Recursos em Saúde (ARES) para levantar possíveis erros de descrição que impactam na recuperação da informação. Aborda as dimensões da qualidade da informação, considerando a norma ISO/IEC 25012/2008 e seus critérios inerentes aos dados, dependentes do sistema e ambos. Para a pesquisa, foram levantados metadados indexados do repositório ARES e analisados segundo os critérios de qualidade da norma ISO/IEC 25012/2008. O parâmetro utilizado na análise foram as diretrizes do Manual de descrição e preenchimento de metadados do ARES. Os resultados foram quantificados em tabelas que identificam erros de padronização na descrição dos metadados e falta de qualidade na descrição Com isso, foram sugeridas melhorias para o Manual de descrição.

Integra????o das decis??es e procedimentos dos sistemas produtivo e de gest??o

O Lacen, desde sua cria????o em 1982, acompanha de forma compartilhada os esfor??os da Eletronorte em se tornar uma empresa de excel??ncia mundial. Desta forma mant??m uma cronologia de projetos e programas de trabalhos que objetivam aperfei??oar seus sistemas produtivos e de gest??o. Ap??s implantar em 1997 a gest??o por processos alicer??ada num Sistema da Qualidade - SQ baseados na norma ISO 17025, observou-se que o sistema de trabalho da unidade carecia de integra????o ?? medida que as avalia????es e diagn??sticos se efetuavam. Desta forma, a iniciativa consiste em um s??rie de a????es que visam a integra????o do sistema de trabalho, de forma a otimizar os recursos produtivos e de gest??o

The main benefits associated with health and safety management systems certification in Portuguese small and medium enterprises post quality management system certification

The purpose of this study is to characterize how Portuguese Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) view the Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (OHSMSs) certification process, after receiving the Quality Management System (QMS) certification. References were based on the ISO 9001 standard for a QMS and OHSAS 18001 for OHSMS. The method used to evaluate the implemented systems, was by form of questionnaire. Those questioned had to have a certified quality management system, an implemented OHSMS and be a SME. The questionnaire was sent to 300 SMEs; 46 responses were received and validated. Of them, only 12 SMEs had the OHSMS certificate according to OHSAS 18001. Within those 12 companies that participated: 7 SMEs are from the industrial sector; 3 belong to the electricity/telecommunications sector and 2 SMEs are from the trade/services activity sector. The size of the sample was small, but corresponds to Portuguese reality. Moreover, 34 SMEs did not have the OHSMS certificate. The questionnaire requested the main reasons for SMEs to opt for non-certification and it was related with high costs, while the main reasons to certificate were, among others, needed to eliminate or minimize risks to workers. The main benefits that Portuguese SMEs have gained from the referred certifications have been, improved working conditions, ensuring compliance with legislation and better internal communication about risks and hazards. Also presented are the main difficulties in achieving an OHSMS certification including high certification costs, difficulties motivating personnel, difficulties in changing the company’s culture and increased bureaucracy.

Conception of a flexible integrator and lean model for integrated management systems

Management systems standards (MSSs) have developed in an unprecedented manner in the last few years. These MSS cover a wide array of different disciplines, aims and activities of organisations. Also, organisations are populated with an enormous diversity of independent management systems (MSs). An integrated management system (IMS) tends to integrate some or all components of the business. Maximising their integration in one coherent and efficient MS is increasingly a strategic priority and constitutes an opportunity for businesses to be more competitive and consequently, promote its sustainable success. Those organisations that are quicker and more efficient in their integration and continuous improvement will have a competitive advantage in obtaining sustainable value in our global and competitive business world. Several scholars have proposed various theoretical approaches regarding the integration of management sub-systems, leading to the conclusion that there is no common practice for all organisations as they encompass different characteristics. One other author shows that several tangible and intangible gains for organisations, as well as to their internal and external stakeholders, are achieved with the integration of the individual standardised MSs. The purpose of this work was to conceive a model, Flexible, Integrator and Lean for IMSs, according to ISO 9001 for quality; ISO 14001 for environment and OHSAS 18001 for occupational health and safety (IMS–QES), that can be adapted and progressively assimilate other MSs, such as, SA 8000/ISO 26000 for social accountability, ISO 31000 for risk management and ISO/IEC 27001 for information security management, among others. The IMS–QES model was designed in the real environment of an industrial Portuguese small and medium enterprise, that over the years has been adopting, gradually, in whole or in part, individual MSSs. The developed model is based on a preliminary investigation conducted through a questionnaire. The strategy and research methods have taken into consideration the case study. Among the main findings of the survey we highlight: the creation of added value for the business through the elimination of several organisational wastes; the integrated management of the sustainability components; the elimination of conflicts between independent MS; dialogue with the main stakeholders and commitment to their ongoing satisfaction and increased contribution to the company’s competitiveness; and greater valorisation and motivation of employees as a result of the expansion of their skill base, actions and responsibilities, with their consequent empowerment. A set of key performance indicators (KPIs) constitute the support, in a perspective of business excellence, to the follow up of the organisation’s progress towards the vision and achievement of the defined objectives in the context of each component of the IMS model. The conceived model had many phases and the one presented in this work is the last required for the integration of quality, environment, safety and others individual standardised MSs. Globally, the investigation results, by themselves, justified and prioritised the conception of an IMS–QES model, to be implemented at the company where the investigation was conducted, but also a generic model of an IMS, which may be more flexible, integrator and lean as possible, potentiating the efficiency, added value both in the present and, fundamentally, for future.

Certification and integration of management systems: the experience of Portuguese small and medium enterprises

The purpose of this study was to characterize the situation of Portuguese Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) concerning the certification of their Quality Management Systems (QMS), Environmental Management Systems (EMS) and Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (OHSMS), in their individually form, to identify benefits, drawbacks and difficulties associated with the certification process and to characterize the level of integration that has been achieved. This research was based on a survey carried out by the research team; it was administered to 46 Portuguese SMEs. Our sample comprised 20 firms (43%) from the Trade/Services activity sector, 17 (37%) from the Industrial sector, 5 (11%) from the Electricity/Telecommunications sector and 4 (9%) from the Construction area. All SMEs surveyed were certified according to the ISO 9001 (100%), a quarter of firms were certified according to the ISO 14001 (26.1%) and a few certified by OHSAS 18001 (15.2%). We undertook a multivariate cluster analysis, which enabled grouping variables into homogeneous groups or one or more common characteristics of the SMEs participating in the study. Results show that the main benefits that Portuguese SMEs have gained from the referred certifications have been, among others, an improvement of both their internal organization and external image. We also present the main difficulties in achieving certification. Overall, 7 of the Portuguese SMEs examined indicated that the main benefits of the IMS implementation management included costs reduction, increased employee training and easier compliance of legislation. The respective drawbacks and difficulties are also presented. Finally, we presented the main integrated items in the certified Portuguese SMEs we examined.

Certification and integration of environment with quality and safety – a path to sustained success

According to Wright [1] certification of products and processes began during the 1960’s in the manufacturing industry, as a tool to control and assure the quality/conformity of products and services provided by suppliers to customers/consumers. Thus, the series of ISO 9000 was published first time, in 1987 and it was been created with a flexible character, to be reviewed periodically. Later, were published others normative references, which highlight the ISO 14001 in 1996 and OHSAS 18001 in 1999. This was also, the natural sequence of the certification processes in the organizations, i.e., began with the certification of quality management systems (QMS) followed by the environmental management systems (EMS) and after for the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS). Hence, a high percentage of organizations with an EMS, in accordance with the ISO 14001, had also implemented, a certified QMS, in accordance with ISO 9001. At first the implementation of a QMS was particularly relevant in high demanding activity sectors, like the automotive and aeronautical industries, but it has rapidly extended to every activity sector, becoming a common requisite of any company worldwide and a factor of competitiveness and survival. Due to the increasingly demanding environmental legislation in developed countries, companies nowadays are required to seriously take into consideration not only environmental aspects associated to the production chain itself, but also to the life cycle of their products.