820 resultados para Elementary school teaching
Resumo:
A Pesquisa apresentada nesta dissertação, intitulada “Fracasso Escolar em Escolas Públicas de Nossa Senhora da Glória: análise das implicações a partir da relação professor/aluno” foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de analisar alunos com dependência ou repetência em disciplinas do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental, com o intuito de problematizar a percepção de professores e alunos, sujeitos da pesquisa. Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa descritiva, fundada em estudo de caso de base qualiquantitativa, sobre uma amostra de 100 alunos do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental e 20 professores que lecionam disciplinas do núcleo comum e disciplinas da parte diversificada. O instrumento usado para a coleta de dados foi o questionário. O estudo mostrou que um só professor ensina alunos do 2º ao 5º ano, em única sala de aula, no Ensino Fundamental. Esses alunos chegam ao 6º ano, trazendo deficiências como domínio na leitura, escrita, interpretação de texto e cálculo matemático, ocasionando o fracasso escolar. Com efeito, os professores avaliam que a metodologia, a falta de empenho de alguns, e a falta de compromisso da escola, são fatores determinantes do fracasso escolar.
A aula de educação musical : pedagogias diferentes conduzem a diferentes resultados na aprendizagem?
Resumo:
Sendo professor de Educação Musical no ensino básico, decidi realizar o presente trabalho com o objetivo de averiguar se, para o universo de alunos indicado, é mais vantajoso trabalhar a partir das propostas pedagógicas de Edwin Gordon, que se baseiam no conceito de audiação como forma de levar o aluno a compreender a música (audiação é a capacidade de ouvirmos e compreendermos sons que podem estar, ou não, fisicamente presentes), ou nos ensinamentos de Jos Wuytack, que defende a utilização de técnicas de imitação nas fases iniciais de ensino da música a jovens. Tendo esta investigação sido realizada ao longo de um semestre letivo, não seria adequado nem possível aplicar extensivamente todas as propostas dos pedagogos referidos. Como tal, os trabalhos aqui apresentados foram limitados aos conceitos que considerei mais adequados para o tempo e para os objetivos definidos para o nível de ensino aqui em estudo. Foram trabalhadas as audiações números um, dois e quatro, por um lado, e, por outro, as técnicas de imitação melódica e rítmica. Foi feita uma avaliação contínua da evolução de cada aluno, como forma de estabelecer um padrão de desenvolvimento que permitisse concluir qual das duas metodologias de ensino da música a jovens se revelou mais adequada na globalidade e qual a que produziu melhores resultados no que diz respeito à melhoria da afinação vocal, do conhecimento das notas musicais, do rigor rítmico e da dedilhação na flauta de bisel. Os resultados obtidos não nos permitiram retirar nenhuma conclusão definitiva.
Resumo:
A educação é notadamente uma das ações mais importantes de mobilização socioambiental e cada vez mais se reconhece o papel transformador da escola frente às problemáticas ambientais. No ano de 1997 o Brasil publicou os PCNs (Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais) que traziam os Temas Transversais, dentre eles o Meio Ambiente, para serem inseridos no cotidiano escolar. Esse contexto serviu de base para nossa investigação que teve por objetivo verificar como se dá a abordagem do tema Meio Ambiente, no que se refere à sua transversalidade, na prática pedagógica entre professores e alunos do ensino fundamental. Para tanto foi utilizada uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa, utilizando-se de técnicas como questionário e entrevistas, envolvendo 12 professores e 357 alunos de escolas públicas estaduais e municipais de dois municípios vizinhos, localizados no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. A investigação esteve apoiada no pensamento de diversos autores, dentre os quais destacamos Carvalho, I. (2004, 2006, 2007); Gadotti, M. (2005, 2008, 2010); Gavidia, V. (2002); Guimarães, M. (2003, 2004, 2009); Leff, E. (2007, 2008, 2009, 2010); Loureiro, C. (2004, 2005, 2006); Reigotta, M. (2007, 2008, 2009) e Yus, R. (1998, 2002). Com a análise dos dados obtidos concluímos que o trabalho docente envolvendo o tema Meio Ambiente ainda não atingiu o patamar transversal, embora utilizando abordagens significativas, como projetos pedagógicos, a prática interdisciplinar que a transversalidade requer ainda não foi consolidada, indicando a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento profissional - teórico e prático - sobre a aplicabilidade do tema.
Resumo:
Europe's commitment to language learning has resulted in higher percentages of pupils studying foreign languages during primary education. In England, recent policy decisions to expand foreign language learning at primary level by 2010 create major implications for transition to secondary. This paper presents findings on transition issues from case studies of a DfES-funded project evaluating 19 local authority Pathfinders piloting the introduction of foreign language learning at primary level. Research on transition in other countries sets these findings in context. Finally, it investigates the challenges England faces for transition in the light of this expansion and discusses future implications.
Resumo:
O presente trabalho, requisito complementar para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação, visa sugerir formas adicionais de controle do trabalho escolar, no ensino de 2o grau profissionalizante. Apoia-se na legislação vigente para a análise de incoerencias que estariam a frustar os objetivos daquele nível de ensino e identifica o Estágio Orientado na Empresa como a etapa onde deveria se processar uma mais efetiva reavaliaçao do trabalho escolar. Como contribuição à solução da questao, propoe um modelo de avaliação para esse tipo de estágio, destinado ao seu acompanhamento e controle, de forma a fazer do mesmo, um efetivo instrumento de integração Escola-Empresa em prol da educação profissionalizante. O estudo está estruturado em duas partes. A primeira compõe-se de dois capítulos: o Capítulo I introduz o tema, ressalta os seus objetivos e justifica a sua escolha, acrescentando, ainda, algumas definições destinadas a imprimir maior clareza contextual ao desenvolvimento do trabalho; o Capítulo 2 trata de melhor delimitar o estudo, quando apresenta algumas considerações sobre as Funções da Escola, o Trabalho Escolar e o Estágio Orientado na Empresa. A segunda parte, tambem com dois capítulos (3 e 4), trata, no Capítulo 3, da caracterização das Escolas Técnicas Federais: discorre sobre algumas disfunções ali praticadas; inicia um estudo exemplificativo destinado à Introdução do referido modelo de avaliação, e situa a posiçao alcançada por aquelas escolas no tocante à implantaçao do denominado Serviço de Integração Escola-Empresa. O Capítulo 4 é a proposta propriamente dita de avaliação e controle do trabalho escolar através de Estágio Orientado na Empresa. São apresentados os fatores e os parâmetros da avaliação pretendida para, entao, discorrer sobre a metodologia de aplicação, com detalhamentos que vao desde a classificação das atividades e tarefas dos estágios, até a sua análise final com os conceitos e os·pareceres. Como parte complementar desta proposta, é sugerida a estruturação de um organismo funcional, à semelhança de um BANCO DE DADOS, destinado à metodização de aproveitamento dos registros do processo de avaliação para o proveito da açao pedagógica. Como referência justificadora desta proposta de alteraçao dos dispositivos de avaliação do estágio, -e apresentado um levantamento-pesquisa preliminar, em forma de diagnóstico, desenvolvido na escola que serviu de fonte para o referido estudo exemplificativo. Trata-se de uma amostra da situação encontrada e, bastante, para justificar as alterações propostas, além de fornecer subsidios orientadores à sua elaboração. Os anexos, em número de 5, contem os modelos propostos para os principais instrumentos de avaliação do Estágio, bem como as instruções adicionais destinadas ao aluno. A Bibliografia consultada apoia-se basicamente na legislação em vigor para o ensino de 2o grau.
Resumo:
O presente trabalho teve por objetivos: i) examinar por meio de que mecanismos se dá a inculcação da cultura secundária na escola primária; ii) verificar os efeitos desta inculcação nas representações da clientela que frequenta a escola; iii) verificar até que ponto a escola está cumprindo sua função de reprodução das classes culturais dominates da sociedade. Neste estudo, consideramos o processo educacional como a inculcação, nos alunos, dos valores da classe dominante da sociedade por meio do exercício da Violência Simbólica, que caracteriza a ação pedagógica, e a escola como o ambiente formal e institucional onde se processam, de modo legítimo, as relações de dominação e de inculcação dos padrões culturais desses grupos ou classes, por intemédio das professoras, agentes também legítimos desse processo de inculcação do arbitrário cultural. Todo o estudo foi caracterizado por um enfoque antropológico, guiado pela observação participativa junto ao grupo e área selecionados para estudo. Verificou-se que a escola, através de suas práticas, inculca nos alunos aspirações que são típicas da classe dominante da sociedade. Estas aspirações foram manifestadas em suas representações. Observou-se, ainda, que a escola, por intermédio de seus agentes, atribui o fracasso escolar dos alunos unicamente a seu ambiente cultural (primeira socialização), que não reforça os conteúdos que a escola ensina. Além disso, observou-se que, após muitos anos de magistério, a tendência das professoras é também se aculturarem ao meio onde trabalham, gerando no processo de ensino a possibilidade da ocorrência daquilo que chamamos de transgressão do código de violência simbólica. Como este trabalho trata-se de um estudo de caso, seria conveniente que o mesmo tema fosse pesquisado em outras configurações, principalmente se se tiver como objetivo testar o grau de generalidade das características constatadas a partir deste estudo particular.
Resumo:
O objetivo deste trabalho é propor um projeto com o intuito de levar o aluno de ensino fundamental da rede pública ao conhecimento e à reflexão acerca de um determinado período social e político da historia brasileira, conhecido como a ditadura militar da década de 1960, através da obra do artista popular Waldomiro de Deus. Para tanto, propõe-se a utilização da Abordagem Triangular (AT) para o ensino da arte, que consiste em uma metodologia baseada em três eixos principais: a contextualização da obra, a sua apreciação e a prática. A contextualização da obra de arte no projeto é para o aluno entender a época na qual foi criada, e estabelecer as relações sociais e culturais de forma integrada. A apreciação da obra é a leitura crítica das imagens, que ajudará ao aluno a formar seus próprios conceitos sobre os trabalhos artísticos a partir daí analisados. A prática refere-se ao trabalho no ateliê, a criação visual, a utilização dos materiais para composição dos trabalhos. Estes trabalhos serão elaborados a partir do estudo da obra do artista, não sendo uma cópia, e o aluno terá a liberdade para se expressar dentro de sua realidade. Este projeto pretende trazer para os seus beneficiários a discussão da arte e o seu papel no ensino fundamental. Compartilhar com as crianças um cotidiano educativo proposto por este projeto é envolver linguagens artísticas diferentes, como prática de dinâmicas entre professores e alunos, no processo de desenvolvimento e criação da arte e na apropriação de valores éticos. Espera-se ao final do projeto que os alunos conheçam a obra do artista Waldomiro de Deus, a temática que envolveu e a sua importância para o conhecimento desse período histórico do país.
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In this article we show that among elementary school students in Brazil there is a negative and significant relationship between within-class age dispersion and pupil’s proficiency. The relationship between the age-grade delay and school proficiency is usually explained by several factors that influence the educational process, since both student’s age-grade and his/her proficiency reflect difficulties implicit in the child's life. However, we show that the negative relation between within-class age dispersion and individual proficiency can be mitigated by the presence of teachers with high levels of certain attributes, such as teaching experience and years of schooling. This relationship supports the hypothesis that the greater the within-class age dispersion, the difficulties of implementing uniform learning projects are more significant, considering that there is a greater diversity of interests. Therefore, under those circumstances the role of the teacher in class seems to be essential to minimize any negative effect that age diversity may have on individual performance.
Resumo:
The broad objective of the research The pedagogic use of ICT as development of teaching capacity: the case of ProInfo Natal/RN was to realize an evaluation of this program effectiveness in public schools. Specifically, we ve tried to observe if the program: a) succeeded by promoting the pedagogical use of new ICTs, b) stimulated the improvement of teaching and learning using ICT, and c) performed functionings and expanding its capabilities. The methodology consisted of literature revision; realization of half-structured interviews with administrators and teachers, and leading four focal groups with students in 9th grade of elementary school, were also made observations and analysis about the official documents which regulates the program. Our results showed that ProInfo presents various interferences in its effectiveness, causing a gap between its marks and the actual results of its use in everyday life of schools. We ve concluded that the program needs to challenge these weaknesses in order to contribute to the promotion of functionings and expanding its capabilities
Resumo:
The 1988 Constitution was the legal marc to define changes in Brazilian State with major importance to the layout of public politician. In that moment of redefinitions e openness to new ways the redemocratization, participation and decentralization of public school had as their starter the elementary school. This work focus on the manage of FUNDESCOLA, particularly one of its politics called PDE (Educational Development Plan) wich purpose is guarantee a better quality in teaching and spread out democracy throughout its methodology. It was chosen two public schools: Professor Ulisses de Góis and Antonio Campos. The theoretical and methodological orientation is based on the theory of participative democracy developed by authors such as Putnam and Pateman. They says that a cultural background precedes individual participation in society. The collected data (educational legislation, surveys with all sectors of schools and technicians of Natal educational secretary, and relevant documents of de institutions) showed that PDE. Implementation had opposite runnings in the schools studied. In one, as a consequence of bad preparations of its teachers to absorve its methodology, PDE failed. In another way, PDE achieved its goals, especially helping the structure of action plans of the school and the administrative organization making possible several pedagogic activities planned. The work concludes that the main factor the failure or success of PDE relies on the organizational (both political and pedagogical) structure of each school. This discovery implies three important guidelines when comes to formulation of public politicians: a) Constitution of school; b) the local actors who manages the actions; c) the colletive interest in taking part of decisions
Resumo:
This article is about a study about the training needs for teachers of elementary school in the field of Geography. It is our objective to grasp their conceptions of training needs and reflect about their formative needs to teach geography. We consider the training as reflective process that involves the movement of changes and improvement beyond of formal learning, considering its numerous dimensions. We reflected about formative needs in light of the readings of Rodrigues Esteves (1993), Silva (2000), Roberts (2006), Vieira (2010). The discussions about conceptions were based on Ferreira (2007). The empirical reference constitutes to a private school in the city of Ceará-Mirim/RN, SECAT Centro de Ensino. The social subjects of our research are five teachers who work in the initial years of elementary school. We resorted a survey (auto) biographical, based on the studies of Passeggi (2011), Delory (2008), Bertaux (2010) e Josso (2010), since it is our intention to turn to the historicity of the subject and the learning, recognizing the links between him and the world and the experiences based on for learning and adult training. As technical and methodological procedure we will use the Training Narratives, whose application allows the understanding of memories and stories of schooling teachers, since are reported events occurred during the development of the individual through seminars Biographical. We observed on the narratives constructed by the teachers the absence assignments of meanings to a reworking of the theoretical formative needs and questions of its organizing principles. However, we notice the teachers were able to develop senses and means to conceive the phenomenon in study, in a descriptive way, through articulated enunciations, including aspects and opportunities linked to their teaching practices and future formative prospects. Regarding School Geography, we based our studies in the reflections of Smith Junior (1994, 2000), Tonini (2003), Vesentini (2004) and Vlach (1991), among others. We verified that the needs evidenced by the teachers to teach geography were constructed from the contexts of their teaching practices present in their school and professional trajectories. Therefore, we noticed the need for formal pedagogical qualification so that we can conceive the phenomenon in study beyond its descriptive character, understanding that it is necessary to point out reflections and questions about the dynamics of production of global capital, which conveys its interests in the contexts that often emerge formative needs of the educational system
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mongst the trends in Mathematics Education, which have as their object a more significant and criticallearning, is the Ethnomathematics. This field of knowledge, still very recent amongst us, besides analyzing an externalist history of the sciences in a search for a relationship between the development of the scientific disciplines and the socio-cultural context, goes beyond this externalism, for it also approaches the intimate relationships betwe_n cognition and culture. In fact, the Ethnomathematics proposes an alternative epistemological approach associated with a wider historiography. It struggles to understand the reality and come to the pedagogical action by means of a cognitive approach with strong cultural basis. But the difficulty of inserting the Ethnomathematics into the educational context is met by resistance from some mathematics educators who seem indifferent to the influence of the culture on the understanding of the mathematics ideas. It was with such concerns in mind that I started this paper that had as object to develop a curricular reorientation pedagogical proposal in mathematics education, at the levei of the 5th grade of the Ensino Fundamental (Elementary School), built from the mathematical knowledge of a vegetable farmers community, 30 km away from the center of Natal/RN, but in accordance with the teaching dimensions of mathematics of the 1 st and 2nd cycles proposed by the Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais - PCN: Numbers and Operations, Space and Form, Units and Measures, and Information Treatment. To achieve that, I developed pedagogical activities from the mathematical concepts of the vegetable farmers of that community, explained in my dissertation research in the period 2000 through 2002. The pedagogical process was developed from August through Oecember 2007 with 24 students of the 5th Grade of the Ensino Fundamental (Elementary School) of the school of that community. The qualitative analysis of the data was conducted taking into account three categories of students: one made up of students that helped their parents in the work with vegetables. Another one by students whose parents and relatives worked with vegetables, though they did not participate directly of this working process and one third category of students that never worked with vegetables, not to mention their parents, but lived adjacent to that community. From the analyses and results of the data gathered by these three distinct categories of students, I concluded that those students that assisted their parents with the daily work with vegetables solved the problem-situations with understanding, and, sometimes, with enriching contributions to the proposed problems. The other categories of students, in spite of the various field researches to the gardens of that community, before and during the pedagogical activities, did not show the same results as those students/vegetable farmers, but showed interest and motivation in ali activities of the pedagogical process in that period
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Teaching is an activity inherent to the human condition. Historically, from the institutionalization of education, the key role to pursue that activity has been attributed to the teacher, who is required to adapt to the demands of each historical conjuncture. Currently, according to the new paradigmatic requirements, the teacher must possess various skills in order to handle the complex and challenging act of teaching. Assuming the existence of a gap between what the State and the scientific discourse recommend the teacher act upon in the classroom, a decision was made to identify the configuration and structure of social representation in the act of teaching, put forth by elementary school teachers in the public schools of Natal, RN, Brazil. Therefore, the research relied on the theoretical model developed by Domingos Sobrinho (1998, 2000, 2003), which articulates the praxeology of Pierre Bourdieu with the theory of social representations of Serge Moscovici (1978). It was intended to demonstrate how teachers habitus, in its due historical context, directs the construction of social representations in the act of teaching which guides the actions of the teacher, particularly in the classroom context. At the methodological level, the following methods and techniques were used: bibliographic and documentary review in order to identify the scientific discourse on the subject matter and the official parameters of educational regulation and the act of teaching; the Procedure of Multiple Classifications PMC in order to capture the configuration and structure of the representational content in focus, the direct observation of the classroom to identify in actual terms the social representation as "guide to action" as the theory preaches. From the standpoint of the analysis, quantitative data were analysed through Multidimensional Scaling MDS, covering in this study the Multidimensional Scale Analysis MSA and Smallest Space Analysis SSA; and non-parametric statiscal techniques. Additional data of qualitative value had to undergo categorical content analysis. It was then concluded that the teachers investigated guided themselves by social representation, the product of collectively constructed and shared assumptions about the act of teaching, forming a synthesis of different sources of information and knowledge acquirement, involving elements of common sense, religious habitus, pedagogic models considered outdated, the agencies responsible for teacher training and the hegemonic discourse about education today
Resumo:
This work is located at the shield of research that defends the use of Mathematics History, based on the utilization of historical artifacts at teaching activities, at Mathematics classrooms, and at graduation courses for teachers of Elementary School and of the first grades of High School. The general objective is to examine the possibility of the use of historical artifacts, at teaching activities, at graduation courses for teachers of Elementary School and of the first grades of High School. Artifact, at this work, is comprehended as objects, documents, monuments, images and other kinds of materials that make sense to the Human actions at the past and that represent what have been said and done at the Human history. At the construction of the theoretical-methodological way of the research we have based ourselves upon the ideas of the authors that are engaged at the teachers formation; at researchers adherents to the use of Mathematics History (MH) as a methodological resource, and at studies accomplished that elucidate the role of the artifacts at the history and as a mediatory element of learning. We defend the thesis that the utilization of historical artifacts at teaching activities enables the increasing of the knowledge, the development of competencies and essential abilities to the teacher acting, as well as interact at different areas of the knowledge, that provides a conception of formation where the teacher improves his learning, learning-doing and learning-being. We have adopted a qualitative research approach with a theoretical and pratic study disposition about the elements that contribute to the teachers works at the classroom, emphasizing the role of the Mathematics history at the teacher s formation and as a pedagogical resource at the mathematics classroom; the knowledge, the competencies and abilities of the historical artifacts as an integrative link between the different areas of the knowledge. As result, we emphasize that the proposition of using the MH, through learning activities, at the course of teacher graduation is relevant, because it allows the investigation of ideas that originate the knowledge generated at every social context, considering the contribution of the social and cultural, political and economical aspects at this construction, making easy the dialog among the areas and inside of each one The historical artifact represents a research source that can be deciphered, comprehended, questioned, extracting from it information about knowledge of the past, trace and vestiges of the culture when it was created, consisting of a testimony of a period. These aspects grant to it consideration to be explored as a mediatory element of the learning. The artifacts incorporated at teaching activities of the graduation courses for teachers promote changes on the view about the Mathematics teaching, in view of to privilege the active participation of the student at the construction of his knowledge, at the reflection about the action that has been accomplished, promoting stimulus so the teachers can create their own artifacts, and offer, either, traces linking the Mathematics with others knowledge areas.
Resumo:
The discussion we have established in this study is about how the practice is developing educational projects based on work with because the methodological choice of the teacher. The study of an ethnographic qualitative approach was conducted with a group of six teachers in two public schools in School Administrative Zone north of the city of Natal / RN. Data were constructed from semi-structured, reinforced by the direct observation of the practice of teaching of teachers. The goals outlined were to identify the reasons why the option for the project, listing the benchmarks that subsidized their construction, the observation of everyday experience in educational planning and development of projects developed. In the light of information we can notice a complex and even contradictory, which is confusing the concepts and practices are weakened. The analysis revealed inconsistencies between theory and practice in working with projects, the fruit of little theoretical development of teachers. The adoption of the project as a methodological option has meant a change in direction of the effective action didactic. Reflects on this situation, it was concluded that there is a need to broaden the understanding of the significance of this type of work, covering the different dimensions that involve the practice of research, research and training of teachers. Even preventing the intentions and initiatives of the teachers, it must be emphasized is the process of learning within an approach that focuses the process of learning in multiple dimensions, inter-relational, both the capabilities of students in the areas of knowledge.