Psychological predictors of eco-driving: A longitudinal study

Eco-driving has well-known positive effects on fuel economy and greenhouse-gas emissions. Moreover, eco-driving reduces road-traffic noise, which is a serious threat to the health and well-being of many people. We investigated the psychological predictors of the adoption of eco-driving from the perspective of road-traffic noise abatement. The data came from 890 car drivers who participated in a longitudinal survey over four months. Specifically, we tested the effects of the intention to prevent road-traffic noise, variables derived from the theory of planned behavior (social norm, perceived behavioral control, and attitude), and variables derived from the health action process approach (implementation intention, maintenance self-efficacy, and action control) on the intention to practice eco-driving and on eco-driving behavior. The intention to prevent road-traffic noise was not linked to the intention to practice eco-driving. The strongest predictors of the intention to practice eco-driving were attitude and perceived behavioral control. The strongest predictor of eco-driving behavior was action control. The link between behavioral intention and behavior was weak, indicating that drivers have difficulties putting their intention to practice eco-driving into action. Therefore, intervention efforts should directly address and support the transition from intention to behavior. This could be accomplished by providing reminders, which help to maintain behavioral intention, and by providing behavior feedback, which helps car drivers to monitor their behavior.

Promoting a low-noise driving style: An eco-driving intervention study

Road-traffic noise impairs the well-being and health of many people. Motivating car drivers to voluntarily adopt a low-noise driving style (i.e., eco-driving) contributes to the reduction of road-traffic noise, complementary to requirements, bans, and laws. In a field study with employees of a municipality (N = 88), we investigated the effects of an intervention on car drivers’ motivation to prevent road-traffic noise, motivation to practice eco-driving, and driving behavior. The intervention consisted of a leaflet intended to enhance participants’ motivation, a practical eco-driving course, and weekly driving-performance feedbacks. We used a switching-replications design with two intervention groups. In both groups, eco-driving behavior was significantly strengthened by the intervention. The effects on the motivational variables were significant in only one of the groups (however, it should be noted that the average motivation was already relatively high before the intervention). For one of the groups, the study design allowed testing for the effects at an additional follow-up assessment (4 months after the intervention). The results showed that the intervention effect on driving behavior held across this period. The findings of the present research suggest that it is possible to improve car driver’s behavior with regard to a low-noise driving style.

Experimental Evidence of an Eco-evolutionary Feedback during Adaptive Divergence

Differences in how organisms modify their environment can evolve rapidly and might influence adaptive population divergence [1, 2]. In a common garden experiment in aquatic mesocosms, we found that adult stickleback from a recently diverged pair of lake and stream populations had contrasting effects on ecosystem metrics. These modifications were caused by both genetic and plastic differences between populations and were sometimes comparable in magnitude to those caused by the presence/ absence of stickleback. Lake and streamfish differentially affected the biomass of zooplankton and phytoplankton, the concentration of phosphorus, and the abundance of several prey (e.g., copepods) and non-prey (e.g., cyanobacteria) species. The adult mediated effects on mesocosm ecosystems influenced the survival and growth of a subsequent generation of juvenile stickleback reared in the same mesocosms. The prior presence of adults decreased the overall growth rate of juveniles, and the prior presence of stream adults lowered overall juvenile survival. Among the survivors, lake juveniles grew faster than co-occurring stream juveniles, except in mesocosm ecosystems previously modified by adult lake fish that were reared on plankton. Overall, our results provide evidence for reciprocal interactions between ecosystem dynamics and evolutionary change (i.e., eco-evolutionary feedbacks) in the early stages of adaptive population divergence.

A MOLECULAR APPROACH FOR DETECTING GENETIC DAMAGE USING THE ECO R1 FAMILY OF HUMAN DNA (SEQUENCING)

A clone of the primary Eco R1 family of human DNA sequences has been used as an indicator sequence for detecting alterations induced by a toxic agent. Specific clones of this family have been examined and compared to the consensus sequence to determine the normal variability of this family. Though variations were observed, data indicated that such clones can be used to study induced DNA modifications. This DNA was exposed to the toxic agent dimethyl sulfate under various conditions and a distinct pattern of aberrations was shown to occur. It is suggested that this approach be used to characterize patterns of damage induced by various agents in the ultimate development of a system capable of monitoring human genotoxic exposure. ^

Biomedical informatics applications for epilepsy management: A systematic review

Epilepsy is a very complex disease which can have a variety of etiologies, co-morbidities, and a long list of psychosocial factors4. Clinical management of epilepsy patients typically includes serological tests, EEG's, and imaging studies to determine the single best antiepileptic drug (AED). Self-management is a vital component of achieving optimal health when living with a chronic disease. For patients with epilepsy self-management includes any necessary actions to control seizures and cope with any subsequent effects of the condition9; including aspects of treatment, seizure, and lifestyle. The use of computer-based applications can allow for more effective use of clinic visits and ultimately enhance the patient-provider relationship through focused discussion of determinants affecting self-management. ^ The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review on informatics application in epilepsy self-management in an effort to describe current evidence for informatics applications and decision support as an adjunct to successful clinical management of epilepsy. Each publication was analyzed for the type of study design utilized. ^ A total of 68 publications were included and categorized by the study design used, development stage, and clinical domain. Descriptive study designs comprised of three-fourths of the publications and indicate an underwhelming use of prospective studies. The vast majority of prospective studies also focused on clinician use to increase knowledge in treating patients with epilepsy. ^ Due to the chronic nature of epilepsy and the difficulty that both clinicians and patients can experience in managing epilepsy, more prospective studies are needed to evaluate applications that can effectively increase management activities. Within the last two decades of epilepsy research, management studies have employed the use of biomedical informatics applications. While the use of computer applications to manage epilepsy has increased, more progress is needed.^

Coordenadas de lo posmoderno : un texto fundacional: El nombre de la rosa de U. Eco

Fil: Corti, Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

El asedio : Eco del mundo novelesco de Arturo Pérez Reverte

El asedio (2010), de Arturo Pérez Reverte, ofrece una multiplicidad de entradas posibles, ya que se trata de una voluminosa novela coral, que concentra la experiencia de su autor. Proponemos, para este encuentro, un enfoque centrado en analizar los universos de los personajes y su trabazón caleidoscópica. Pérez Reverte utiliza siempre una tercera persona que se cuela en las zonas oscuras y recónditas de tipos humanos inmersos en una ciudad y un tiempo hostiles: Cádiz en 1811. Despliega las condiciones de asedio militar a ese territorio, que se replican de variados modos en individuos asediados por sus propios conflictos. La naturalidad con la que los personajes se encuentran en puntos de unión y de fuga conforma una telaraña, cuyos hilos representan la trabazón de esta novela de novelas

Reflexiones desde la eco-antropología sobre el terroir

El Terroir constituye en la actualidad un concepto clave en el pensamiento sobre la producción de alimentos y de bebidas de calidad. En este texto, consideramos esta noción con un punto de vista eco-antropológico apoyándonos sobre ejemplos sacados principalmente de la historia y de la actualidad de ciertos vinos. Estudiamos sucesivamente su construcción, sus usos (en particular en el marco de los procesos de denominación de origen) y sus representaciones.

Reflexiones desde la eco-antropología sobre el terroir

El Terroir constituye en la actualidad un concepto clave en el pensamiento sobre la producción de alimentos y de bebidas de calidad. En este texto, consideramos esta noción con un punto de vista eco-antropológico apoyándonos sobre ejemplos sacados principalmente de la historia y de la actualidad de ciertos vinos. Estudiamos sucesivamente su construcción, sus usos (en particular en el marco de los procesos de denominación de origen) y sus representaciones.

El asedio : Eco del mundo novelesco de Arturo Pérez Reverte

El asedio (2010), de Arturo Pérez Reverte, ofrece una multiplicidad de entradas posibles, ya que se trata de una voluminosa novela coral, que concentra la experiencia de su autor. Proponemos, para este encuentro, un enfoque centrado en analizar los universos de los personajes y su trabazón caleidoscópica. Pérez Reverte utiliza siempre una tercera persona que se cuela en las zonas oscuras y recónditas de tipos humanos inmersos en una ciudad y un tiempo hostiles: Cádiz en 1811. Despliega las condiciones de asedio militar a ese territorio, que se replican de variados modos en individuos asediados por sus propios conflictos. La naturalidad con la que los personajes se encuentran en puntos de unión y de fuga conforma una telaraña, cuyos hilos representan la trabazón de esta novela de novelas

El asedio : Eco del mundo novelesco de Arturo Pérez Reverte

El asedio (2010), de Arturo Pérez Reverte, ofrece una multiplicidad de entradas posibles, ya que se trata de una voluminosa novela coral, que concentra la experiencia de su autor. Proponemos, para este encuentro, un enfoque centrado en analizar los universos de los personajes y su trabazón caleidoscópica. Pérez Reverte utiliza siempre una tercera persona que se cuela en las zonas oscuras y recónditas de tipos humanos inmersos en una ciudad y un tiempo hostiles: Cádiz en 1811. Despliega las condiciones de asedio militar a ese territorio, que se replican de variados modos en individuos asediados por sus propios conflictos. La naturalidad con la que los personajes se encuentran en puntos de unión y de fuga conforma una telaraña, cuyos hilos representan la trabazón de esta novela de novelas

Reflexiones desde la eco-antropología sobre el terroir

El Terroir constituye en la actualidad un concepto clave en el pensamiento sobre la producción de alimentos y de bebidas de calidad. En este texto, consideramos esta noción con un punto de vista eco-antropológico apoyándonos sobre ejemplos sacados principalmente de la historia y de la actualidad de ciertos vinos. Estudiamos sucesivamente su construcción, sus usos (en particular en el marco de los procesos de denominación de origen) y sus representaciones.