Boletín informativo sobre prácticas clínicas basadas en la mejor evidencia científica

Sección "Buenas prácticas en gestión clínica"

Atención integral al paciente en situación terminal. Sala de acompañamiento

Sección "Buenas prácticas en gestión clínica"

Evolución de la informatización de las oficinas de turismo de Cataluña

Esta comunicación pretende analizar las necesidades informáticas de las oficinas de turismo en el caso concreto de Cataluña, presentándose la misma como una continuación del estudio realizado el año 98. En ella se evalúan los nuevos resultados obtenidos, intentando compararlos con los de la encuesta del 98 y determinar así la evolución que han seguido las OIT en Cataluña. Se introduce además en este nuevo estudio un análisis cualitativo, que incluye el análisis de sus páginas web y un estudio del nivel de respuesta a través de e-mail

Tecnologia educacional: avaliação de um web site sobre Escala de Pessoal de Enfermagem

O uso da tecnologia de informática é uma realidade em todas as áreas do conhecimento humano, nos dias atuais. A incorporação tecnológica se faz nos serviços e no ensino, nos diferentes processos de trabalho do enfermeiro. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar um site desenvolvido sobre o tema Escala de Pessoal de Enfermagem, relevante na gestão de recursos humanos em saúde. A metodologia envolveu pesquisa quantitativa com docentes da área de administração em enfermagem, e alunos das oito Universidades Públicas do estado de São Paulo que formam enfermeiros. Entre os principais resultados, apontamos que 85% dos avaliadores consideraram o site excelente ou satisfatório. Além disso, foram analisados os comentários enviados por e-mail e as autoras fazem uma auto-avaliação. O site foi considerado de utilidade tanto para a prática profissional (81,7% entre excelente e satisfatório) como para o ensino (84,6% entre excelente e satisfatório).

Nicotine gum treatment before smoking cessation: a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: New ways of improving the efficacy of nicotine therapy need to be explored. We tested whether starting nicotine polacrilex gum treatment 4 weeks before the quit date improved smoking abstinence rates compared with starting treatment on the quit date. METHODS: An open randomized trial of 314 daily smokers (mean, 23.7 cigarettes/d) enrolled through the Internet and by physicians in Switzerland from November 2005 to January 2007. In the precessation treatment group, participants received nicotine polacrilex gum (4 mg, unflavored) by mail for 4 weeks before and 8 weeks after their target quit date, and they were instructed to decrease their cigarette consumption by half before quitting. In the usual care group, participants received the same nicotine gum for 8 weeks after their quit date and were instructed to quit abruptly. Instructions were limited to a booklet sent by mail and access to a smoking cessation Web site. Results are expressed as self-reported abstinence rates at the end of treatment and as biochemically verified smoking abstinence (cotinine plus carbon monoxide) after 12 months. RESULTS: Eight weeks after the target quit date, self-reported 4-week abstinence rates were 41.6% in the precessation treatment group and 44.4% in the usual care group (P = .61). One year after the target quit date, biochemically verified 4-week smoking abstinence rates were 20.8% in the precessation treatment group and 19.4% in the usual care group (P = .76). CONCLUSION: Starting nicotine gum treatment 4 weeks before the target quit date was no more effective than starting treatment on the quit date.

Methods and representativeness of European surveys in children and adolescents: the KIDSCREEN study

Background: The objective of the present study was to compare three different sampling and questionnaire administration methods used in the international KIDSCREEN study in terms of participation, response rates, and external validity. Methods: Children and adolescents aged 8–18 years were surveyed in 13 European countries using either telephone sampling and mail administration, random sampling of school listings followed by classroom or mail administration, or multistage random sampling of communities and households with self-administration of the survey materials at home. Cooperation, completion, and response rates were compared across countries and survey methods. Data on non-respondents was collected in 8 countries. The population fraction (PF, respondents in each sex-age, or educational level category, divided by the population in the same category from Eurostat census data) and population fraction ratio (PFR, ratio of PF) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used to analyze differences by country between the KIDSCREEN samples and a reference Eurostat population. Results: Response rates by country ranged from 18.9% to 91.2%. Response rates were highest in the school-based surveys (69.0%–91.2%). Sample proportions by age and gender were similar to the reference Eurostat population in most countries, although boys and adolescents were slightly underrepresented (PFR <1). Parents in lower educational categories were less likely to participate (PFR <1 in 5 countries). Parents in higher educational categories were overrepresented when the school and household sampling strategies were used (PFR = 1.78–2.97). Conclusion: School-based sampling achieved the highest overall response rates but also produced slightly more biased samples than the other methods. The results suggest that the samples were sufficiently representative to provide reference population values for the KIDSCREEN instrument.

Fluência digital e uso de ambientes virtuais: caracterização de alunos de enfermagem

O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar o perfil de licenciandos de enfermagem, identificar a fluência digital, o conhecimento, a habilidade e o interesse no uso de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, exploratório-descritiva realizada com 51 licenciandos de enfermagem por meio de questionário. Dos participantes do estudo 51 (100%) afirmam ter conhecimento em informática, sendo que 26 (49%) indicam um nível intermediário; 47 (92%) fazem uso diário da Internet; 51 (100%) navegam em redes sociais e possuem e-mail; 51(100%) utilizam MSN e 32 (62,7%) Skype; 41 (82%) acessam Chats, 33 (64,7%) Fóruns de discussão e 22 (43%) Blogs; 33 (64,7%) utilizam frequentemente o Moodle e 26 (51%) o COL; e a grande maioria (45- 88,2%) relatou interesse no uso de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. Os alunos foram considerados fluentes digitais e apresentaram conhecimento, habilidade e expressivo interesse no uso de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem em sua formação acadêmica.

Medical and legal professionals' attitudes towards confidentiality and disclosure of clinical information in forensic settings: a survey using case vignettes.

OBJECTIVE: When potentially dangerous patients reveal criminal fantasies to their therapists, the latter must decide whether this information has to be transmitted to a third person in order to protect potential victims. We were interested in how medical and legal professionals handle such situations in the context of prison medicine and forensic evaluations. We aimed to explore the motives behind their actions and to compare these professional groups. METHOD: A mail survey was conducted among medical and legal professionals using five fictitious case vignettes. For each vignette, participants were asked to answer questions exploring what the professional should do in the situation and to explain their justification for the chosen response. RESULTS: A total of 147 questionnaires were analysed. Agreement between participants varied from one scenario to another. Overall, legal professionals tended to disclose information to a third party more easily than medical professionals, the latter tending to privilege confidentiality and patient autonomy over security. Perception of potential danger in a given situation was not consistently associated with actions. CONCLUSION: Professionals' opinions and attitudes regarding the confidentiality of potentially dangerous patients differ widely and appear to be subjectively determined. Shared discussions about clinical situations could enhance knowledge and competencies and reduce differences between professional groups.

Selvitys Eduskunnan lisärakennuksen taidekilpailusta

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate how and why an art competition was arranged to select pieces for the parliamentary annexe building in Helsinki. There is an emphasis on the cultural production aspects of the research. For the purpose of comparison, the thesis also examines how art acquisition takes place in the cities of Helsinki, Salo and Vantaa, and how the so-called percentage principle has been used in these cities The research method involved thematic interviewing of four persons with central positions on the competition jury. Questions were also sent by e-mail to experts and other people with knowledge of the subject area. Although art competitions have been arranged in Finland for decades, very little relevant literature exists. In addition to the interviews, other relevant literature was also referred to, including parliamentary records. The crucial questions concerned why the art competition for the parliamentary annexe was arranged and whether, indeed, it is possible to compete artistically in this manner. The thesis also examined the relationship between art and architecture and how the best works were selected from the vast range of submissions. The answers were both honest and interesting. The thesis presents a step-by-step analysis of the competition's progress over two stages, and according to the specific rules for such competitions as laid out in Suomen Taiteilijaseura. Strict adherence to the rules of the competition created a number of problems, some of which are also studied. The primary reason for staging a competition was to be as democratic as possible, and eliminating any possibility of nominating a particular artist or artists to realise their own work within the annexe. The competition opened up the possibility to consider various artistic proposals, and no genres were ruled out in advance. This format ensured a good response and a total of 1719 proposals were received, of which six were eventually selected. One conclusion was that open competition may not be the best way to gather artistic proposals in such circumstances, but it is very democratic.

Motivação dos funcionários nas empresas

Este trabalho tem como objectivo analisar a motivação dos funcionários nas Empresas, com apresentação de um caso prático a ser decorrido na SUCLA – Sociedade Ultramarina de Conservas, LDA, sediada em Tarrafal de São Nicolau, de modo a analisar a motivação dos funcionários desta Empresa, referente ao período de Janeiro à Maio de 2011. A motivação é complexa, mas ao mesmo tempo necessária em todos os momentos da vida e que se fomentada, pode trazer resultados positivos para o ambiente de trabalho e para a empresa. A partir dos resultados obtidos na pesquisa do estudo de caso, levantamos uma serie de questões possíveis para compreender o nível de motivação dos funcionários. A pesquisa foi realizada num universo de 50 funcionários da SUCLA, situada no Concelho de Tarrafal de São Nicolau, sendo nesse momento a única empresa em Cabo Verde especializada na produção e conservas de atum. A técnica para a colecta de dados utilizada, foi um questionário com questões fechadas , enviada por e-mail, ao responsável dos serviços administrativos da SUCLA, que posteriormente foi aplicado junto dos funcionários da empresa, abrangendo todos os departamentos. Os dados foram analisados a luz das teorias da Motivação, com relevo à Teoria dos Dois Factores de Herzberg (1968) em que o primeiro, factores higiénicos em que defende que só afectam a motivação quando ausentes e o segundo, factores motivadores que levam à satisfação do trabalho.

MOTIVAÇÃO DOS FUNCIONÁRIOS NAS EMPRESAS: ESTUDO DE CASO: SUCLA – SOCIEDADE ULTRAMARINA DE CONSERVAS, LDA, SEDIADA EM TARRAFAL DE SÃO NICOLAU

Este trabalho tem como objectivo analisar a motivação dos funcionários nas Empresas, com apresentação de um caso prático a ser decorrido na SUCLA – Sociedade Ultramarina de Conservas, LDA, sediada em Tarrafal de São Nicolau, de modo a analisar a motivação dos funcionários desta Empresa, referente ao período de Janeiro à Maio de 2011. A motivação é complexa, mas ao mesmo tempo necessária em todos os momentos da vida e que se fomentada, pode trazer resultados positivos para o ambiente de trabalho e para a empresa. A partir dos resultados obtidos na pesquisa do estudo de caso, levantamos uma serie de questões possíveis para compreender o nível de motivação dos funcionários. A pesquisa foi realizada num universo de 50 funcionários da SUCLA, situada no Concelho de Tarrafal de São Nicolau, sendo nesse momento a única empresa em Cabo Verde especializada na produção e conservas de atum. A técnica para a colecta de dados utilizada, foi um questionário com questões fechadas , enviada por e-mail, ao responsável dos serviços administrativos da SUCLA, que posteriormente foi aplicado junto dos funcionários da empresa, abrangendo todos os departamentos. Os dados foram analisados a luz das teorias da Motivação, com relevo à Teoria dos Dois Factores de Herzberg (1968) em que o primeiro, factores higiénicos em que defende que só afectam a motivação quando ausentes e o segundo, factores motivadores que levam à satisfação do trabalho.

The association between body mass index and patients' experiences with inpatient care.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between patients' body mass index (BMI) and their experiences with inpatient care. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. Mail survey. SETTING: University Hospital of Geneva. PARTICIPANTS: Questionnaires were mailed to 2385 eligible adult patients, 6 weeks after discharge (response rate = 69%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients' experiences with care were measured using the Picker inpatient survey questionnaire. BMI was calculated using self-reported height and weight. Main dependent variables were the global Picker patient experience (PPE-15) score and nine dimension-specific problem scores, scored from 0 (no reported problems) to 1 (all items coded as problems). We used linear regressions, adjusting for age, gender, education, subjective health, smoking and hospitalization, to assess the association between patients' BMI and their experiences with inpatient care. RESULTS: Of the patients, 4.8% were underweight, 50.8% had normal weight, 30.3% were overweight and 14.1% were obese. Adjusted analysis shows that compared with normal weight, obesity was significantly associated with fewer problematic items in the surgery-related information domain, and being underweight or overweight was associated with more problematic items in the involvement of family/friends domain. The global PPE-15 score was significantly higher (more problems) for underweight patients. CONCLUSIONS: Underweight patients, but not obese patients, reported more problems during hospitalization.

A Contabilidade de Gestão nas Empresas de Grande Dimensão de Cabo Verde

O presente estudo é uma abordagem das empresas cabo-verdianas para a compreensão da situação da contabilidade de gestão, evidenciando os sistemas de custeio utilizados, a adequação das informações obtidas e os benefícios da sua utilização. Deste modo, para atingirmos os objectivos foi formulada uma questão de investigação e respectivas hipóteses de investigação. Verificou-se pela literatura que no mundo a contabilidade de gestão tem sofrido várias alterações de forma a responder as mudanças do meio envolvente onde as empresas estão inseridas. No entanto, as técnicas contemporâneas têm sido adoptadas de uma forma muito lenta. A metodologia utilizada foi quantitativa, onde aplicamos um questionário para a recolha de dados, enviado por correio electrónico e respondido presencialmente, à amostra constituida por 164 empresas consideradas de grande dimensão, pertencentes aos três grandes sectores de actividade, tendo recebido em tempo útil, 54 respostas (32,9%). Contudo, destas 54 empresas que responderam apenas 14 possuem contabilidade de gestão. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, concluímos que as técnicas tradicionais de contabilidade de gestão são as mais utilizadas nas empresas estudadas, como por exemplo, o orçamento e a análise de desvios. No entanto, algumas empresas já utilizam técnicas contemporâneas, mas em simultâneo com as tradicionais.The main objective of this study is to analyze the situation of management accounting in Capeverdean companies. To characterize the situation of management accounting we formulated a research question and hypothesis in order to: analyze the cost system used, the quality of the information and the benefits of adopting a management accounting system. The literature shows that management accounting has been through many modifications and has steadily evolved so that it fits the environment where companies are implanted. However, the adoption of contemporary management accounting techniques has proven to be a slow process. The methodology used to gather data was through a survey. Some questionnaires were answered at the companies and the others were sent through e-mail to the sample of 164 large companies, belonging to the three main sectors. The response rate was of 18, 94% (54 companies). However, from those 54 companies just 14 have management accounting. According to the results, we have concluded that the companies we study have a management accounting system that relies on the use of the traditional techniques, like budget and budget control. Yet, some of those already use contemporary techniques, alongside the traditional techniques.

Available Building Catalog, Vol.1, 2009

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