Influence of the medium (strongly acid or basic) over the electrochemical properties of the nitrate selective electrode

A nitrate selective electrode was prepared for use in an aggresive medium (high acidic or basic concentration). It is demonstrated that the depending E graph with respect to pNO3- has not a Nernstian response in concentration acidic range upper 0.1 mol/L H2SO4. The observed behaviour is supposed to be due to the formation of a dimeric anion HN2O6-.

Uses of nitrate ion sensitive electrodes

Some models of ion-selective electrodes (ISE) and other methods have been elaborated, to quantify nitrate levels in environmental samples (water, fruits, vegetables and others), using direct potentiometry

Effect of a simulated heat wave in thermal and aerial environment broiler-rearing environment

ABSTRACT Global warming increases the occurrence of events such as extreme heat waves. Research on thermal and air conditions affecting broiler-rearing environment are important to evaluate the animal welfare under extreme heat aiming mitigation measures. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of a simulated heat wave, in a climatic chamber, on the thermal and air environment of 42-day-old broilers. One hundred and sixty broilers were housed and reared for 42 days in a climatic chamber; the animals were divided into eight pens. Heat wave simulation was performed on the 42nd day, the period of great impact and data sampling. The analyzed variables were room and litter temperatures, relative humidity, concentrations of oxygen, carbon monoxide and ammonia at each pen. These variables were assessed each two hours, starting at 8 am, simulating a day heating up to 4 pm, when it is reached the maximum temperature. By the results, we concluded that increasing room temperatures promoted a proportional raise in litter temperatures, contributing to ammonia volatilization. In addition, oxygen concentrations decreased with increasing temperatures; and the carbon monoxide was only observed at temperatures above 27.0 °C, relative humidity higher than 88.4% and litter temperatures superior to 30.3 °C.

Anticoccidial effects of acetic acid on performance and pathogenic parameters in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria tenella

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anticoccidial effect of the different concentrations of the acetic acid in the broiler chickens in comparison with the amprolium anticoccidial. A total of 198 chicks were placed 11 per pen with three pens per treatment. The different concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%) of acetic acid and amproilum (at the dose rate of 125ppm) were given to the experimental groups in drinking water from 10-19th days of age. One group was kept as infected non medicated control and one as non infected non medicated control. All the groups were inoculated orally with 75,000 sporulated oocysts at the 12th day of age except non infected non medicated control. Anticoccidial effect was evaluated on the basis of performance (weight gain, feed conversion ratio) and pathogenic (oocyst score, lesion score and mortality %age) parameters. Among acetic acid medicated groups, the maximum anticoccidial effect was seen in the group medicated with 3% acetic acid followed by 2% and 1% acetic acid medicated groups. Amprolium and 3% acetic acid were almost equivalent in suppressing the negative performance and pathogenic effects associated with coccidiosis (Eimeria tenella) challenge. In summary, acetic acid has the potential to be used as alternative to chemotherapeutic drugs for Eimeria tenella control. Concentration-dependent anticoccidial effect of acetic acid suggests that further studies should be carried out to determine the possible maximum safe levels of acetic acid with least toxic effects to be used as anticoccidial.

Anticoccidial activity of hydrochloric acid (HCl) against Eimeria tenella in broiler chickens

The present study was planned to evaluate the anticoccidial activity of the different concentrations of the HCl against Eimeria tenella infection in broiler chickens in comparison with the amprolium anticoccidial. For this purpose, a total of 198 chicks were placed 11 per pen with three pens per treatment. The different concentrations of HCl (1000ppm, 2000ppm and 3000ppm) and amproilum (at the dose rate of 125ppm) were given to the experimental groups in drinking water from 10 to 19th days of age. One group was kept as infected non medicated control and one as non infected non medicated control. At the 12th day of age, all the groups were inoculated orally with 75,000 sporulated oocysts except non infected non medicated control. Anticoccidial activity was evaluated on the basis of performance (weight gain, feed conversion ratio) and pathogenic (oocyst score, lesion score and mortality %age) parameters. Among HCl medicated groups, the maximum anticoccidial effect was seen in the group medicated with 1000ppm HCl followed by 2000ppm and 3000ppm HCl medicated groups. Amprolium and 1000ppm HCl were almost equivalent in suppressing the negative performance and pathogenic effects associated with coccidiosis (Eimeria tenella) challenge. In summary, the lower doses of HCl have the potential to be used as alternative to chemotherapeutic drugs for Eimeria tenella control. It is therefore suggested that further studies should be carried out to determine the possible minimum safe levels of HCl with least toxic effects to be used as anticoccidial.

Development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae based the dsbE-like gene

This paper reports on the development and validation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (LAMP) for the rapid and specific detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae). A set of six primers were designed derived from the dsbE-like gene of A.pleuropneumoniae and validate the assay using 9 A. pleuropneumoniae reference/field strains, 132 clinical isolates and 9 other pathogens. The results indicated that positive reactions were confirmed for all A. pleuropneumoniae strains and specimens by LAMP at 63ºC for 60 min and no cross-reactivity were observed from other non-A.pleuropneumoniae including Haemophilus parasuis, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Streptococcus suis, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and Pseudorabies virus. The detection limit of the conventional PCR was 10² CFU per PCR test tube, while that of the LAMP was 5 copies per tube. Therefore, the sensitivity of LAMP was higher than that of PCR. Moreover, the LAMP assay provided a rapid yet simple test of A. pleuropneumoniae suitable for laboratory diagnosis and pen-side detection due to ease of operation and the requirement of only a regular water bath or heat block for the reaction.

Conditioned food aversion to Ipomoea carnea var. fistulosa induced by Baccharis coridifolia in goats

Baccharis coridifolia is a plant that induces strong conditioned food aversion in ruminants. This research aimed to induce a conditioned food aversion to Ipomoea carnea var. fistulosa in goats, using B. coridifolia as an aversive agent, and to compare the aversion induced by this plant with the aversion induced by lithium chloride (LiCl). Thirteen goats were allotted into two groups: Group 1 with six goats was averted with 175mg/kg of body weight of LiCl and Group 2 with seven goats was averted with 0,25g/kg of bw of dried B. coridifolia. All goats were averted on day 1 after the ingestion of I. carnea. The aversion procedure with LiCl or B. coridifolia in goats from Groups 1 and 2, respectively, was repeated in those goats that again consumed the plant during tests on days 2, 3, and 7. The goats of both groups were challenged in pens on 23 and 38 days after the last day of aversion and challenged in the pasture on days 11, 15, 18, 20, 22, 25, 27 and 29 after the last day of aversion. After this period goats were challenged every 15 days on pasture until the 330º day after the last day of aversion (7th day). Two goats from Group 1 ingested I. carnea on the first day of the pasture challenge, 4 days after the last day of aversive conditioning in the pen. In addition, another goat in Group 1 started to consume the plant on day 18, and other two goats ate it on day 20. One goat in Group 1 that had never eaten I. carnea died on day 155. One goat from Group 2 started to ingest I. carnea on the first day of the pasture challenge, and a second goat started to consume this plant on day 182. At the end of the experiment, on day 330, the other five goats averted with B. coridifolia remained averted. These results suggest that B. coridifolia or an active compound from the plant could be used to induce aversion to toxic plants. Using B. coridifolia would be cheaper and, particularly in flocks with large number of animals, possibly easier than using LiCl, which requires the use of oral gavage and qualified personnel for its implementation.

Pain pressure threshold algometry of the abdominal wall in healthy women

The objective of this study was to determine the inter- and intra-examiner reliability of pain pressure threshold algometry at various points of the abdominal wall of healthy women. Twenty-one healthy women in menacme with a mean age of 28 ± 5.4 years (range: 19-39 years) were included. All volunteers had regular menstrual cycles (27-33 days) and were right-handed and, to the best of our knowledge, none were taking medications at the time of testing. Women with a diagnosis of depression, anxiety or other mood disturbances were excluded. Women with previous abdominal surgery, any pain condition or any evidence of inflammation, hypertension, smoking, alcoholism, or inflammatory disease were also excluded. Pain perception thresholds were assessed with a pressure algometer with digital traction and compression and a measuring capacity for 5 kg. All points were localized by palpation and marked with a felt-tipped pen and each individual was evaluated over a period of 2 days in two consecutive sessions, each session consisting of a set of 14 point measurements repeated twice by two examiners in random sequence. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean pain threshold obtained by the two examiners on 2 diferent days (examiner A: P = 1.00; examiner B: P = 0.75; Wilcoxon matched pairs test). There was excellent/good agreement between examiners for all days and all points. Our results have established baseline values to which future researchers will be able to refer. They show that pressure algometry is a reliable measure for pain perception in the abdominal wall of healthy women.

Missale (C.ö.IV.9, Oripään missale II)

A (mainly votive) missal consisting of seven distinct parts. Put together in several stages, somewhat haphazardly. Parts II and III are probably the oldest parts. The final stage in the composition of the book is probably the addition of part VII. Part II belongs in the same liturgical tradition as C.ö.IV.7 (Oripään Missale I), probably that of Diocese of Linköping. Part III, a votive missal, is an informal copy of a book that would most probably have been used close to a Swedish cathedral (Linköping?). How the present book found its way to Oripää chapel is not known.

Modeling of allergen proteins found in sea food products

Shellfish are a source of food allergens, and their consumption is the cause of severe allergic reactions in humans. Tropomyosins, a family of muscle proteins, have been identified as the major allergens in shellfish and mollusks species. Nevertheless, few experimentally determined three-dimensional structures are available in the Protein Data Base (PDB). In this study, 3D models of several homologous of tropomyosins present in marine shellfish and mollusk species (Chaf 1, Met e1, Hom a1, Per v1, and Pen a1) were constructed, validated, and their immunoglobulin E binding epitopes were identified using bioinformatics tools. All protein models for these allergens consisted of long alpha-helices. Chaf 1, Met e1, and Hom a1 had six conserved regions with sequence similarities to known epitopes, whereas Per v1 and Pen a1 contained only one. Lipophilic potentials of identified epitopes revealed a high propensity of hydrophobic amino acids in the immunoglobulin E binding site. This information could be useful to design tropomyosin-specific immunotherapy for sea food allergies.

Kyrönjoen vesistöalueen tulvariskien hallintasuunnitelma vuosille 2016 – 2021

Kyrönjoen vesistöalueelle on laadittu tulvariskien hallintasuunnitelma vuosille 2016-2021. Suunnitelmassa esitetään tulvariskien alustava arviointi, tulvavaara- ja tulvariskikartat, arviot tulvavahingoista, tulvariskien hallinnan tavoitteet ja toimenpiteet tulvariskien estämiseksi ja vähentämiseksi. Hallintasuunnitelmassa esitetään myös suunnitteluun liittyvä sidosryhmien ja kansalaisten osallistuminen ja kuulemi-nen. Tulvariskien hallintasuunnitelma on valmisteltu Kyrönjoen vesistöalueen tulvaryhmän, Etelä-Pohjanmaan ELY-keskuksen ja Suo-men ympäristökeskuksen yhteistyönä. Kyrönjoen tulvista aiheutuvia vahinkoja voidaan ehkäistä ja vähentää monin tavoin. Toimien kirjo ulottuu maankäytön suunnittelusta kiinteistöjen omatoimiseen suojaukseen ja tulvien ennakoinnista operatiiviseen tulvantorjuntaan. Suunnitelmassa esitetyt toimenpiteet kattavat tulvien ennaltaehkäisyn, tulvasuojelutoimenpiteet, toiminnan tulvatilanteissa, valmiustoimet sekä tulvan jälkeiset toimenpiteet. Painopiste on vahinkojen ennaltaehkäisyssä ja varautumisessa. Suunnitelmassa esitetään nykyistä tehokkaampaa tiedottamista, jotta sekä yksityiset että julkiset tahot voivat paremmin varautua tulviin myös omatoimisesti. Tulvavesiä esitetään pidettäväksi valuma-alueilla mm. metsämailla ja käytöstä poistuvilla turvetuotantoalueilla. Kyrönjoen pengerrysalueiden käyttöä esitetään suunniteltavaksi niin, että pengerrysalueita voitaisiin hyödyntää mahdollisimman tehokkaasti myös harvinaisilla tulvilla. Kyrönjokilaakson kunnat, asukkaat, pen-gerrysyhtiöt sekä ELY-keskus ovat keskeisessä roolissa tulvariskien hallinnan toimenpiteiden toteutuksessa. Suunnitelma perustuu lakiin tulvariskien hallinnasta ja sen valmistelussa on hyödynnetty vesistöalueen tulvariskien alustavaa arviointia, tulvakarttoja sekä muita aikaisemmin tehtyjä tulvariskien hallinnan asiakirjoja. Maa- ja metsätalousministeriö on hyväksynyt suunnitel-man joulukuussa 2015. Suunnitelma tarkistetaan tarpeellisin osin viimeistään vuonna 2021.

Lapuanjoen vesistöalueen tulvariskien hallintasuunnitelma vuosille 2016-2021

Lapuanjoen vesistöalueelle on laadittu tulvariskien hallintasuunnitelma vuosille 2016-2021. Suunnitelmassa esitetään tulvariskien alus-tava arviointi, tulvavaara- ja tulvariskikartat, arviot tulvavahingoista, tulvariskien hallinnan tavoitteet ja toimenpiteet tulvariskien estä-miseksi ja vähentämiseksi. Hallintasuunnitelmassa esitetään myös suunnitteluun liittyvä sidosryhmien ja kansalaisten osallistuminen ja kuuleminen. Tulvariskien hallintasuunnitelma on valmisteltu Lapuanjoen vesistöalueen tulvaryhmän, Etelä-Pohjanmaan ELY-keskuksen ja Suomen ympäristökeskuksen yhteistyönä. Lapuanjoen tulvista aiheutuvia vahinkoja voidaan ehkäistä ja vähentää monin tavoin. Toimien kirjo ulottuu maankäytön suunnittelusta kiinteistöjen omatoimiseen suojaukseen ja tulvien ennakoinnista operatiiviseen tulvantorjuntaan. Suunnitelmassa esitetyt toimenpiteet kattavat tulvien ennaltaehkäisyn, tulvasuojelutoimenpiteet, toiminnan tulvatilanteissa, valmiustoimet sekä tulvan jälkeiset toimenpiteet. Painopiste on vahinkojen ennaltaehkäisyssä ja varautumisessa. Suunnitelmassa esitetään nykyistä tehokkaampaa tiedottamista, jotta sekä yksityiset että julkiset tahot voivat paremmin varautua tulviin myös omatoimisesti. Tulvavesiä esitetään pidettäväksi valuma-alueilla mm. metsämailla ja käytöstä poistuvilla turvetuotantoalueilla. Lapuanjoen pengerrysalueiden käyttöä esitetään suunniteltavaksi niin, että pengerrysalueita voitaisiin hyödyntää mahdollisimman tehokkaasti myös harvinaisilla tulvilla. Lapuanjokilaakson kunnat, asukkaat, pen-gerrysyhtiöt sekä ELY-keskus ovat keskeisessä roolissa tulvariskien hallinnan toimenpiteiden toteutuksessa. Suunnitelma perustuu lakiin tulvariskien hallinnasta ja sen valmistelussa on hyödynnetty vesistöalueen tulvariskien alustavaa arviointia, tulvakarttoja sekä muita aikaisemmin tehtyjä tulvariskien hallinnan asiakirjoja. Maa- ja metsätalousministeriö on hyväksynyt suunnitel-man joulukuussa 2015. Suunnitelma tarkistetaan tarpeellisin osin viimeistään vuonna 2021.

Tehohoitopotilaan siirtotiedote hoitotyön päätöksenteon tukena - retrospektiivinen asiakirja-analyysi vuosilta 2001-2013

Tuija Lehtikunnas: Intensive care patient handover document in support of decision-making in nursing work - Retrospective document analysis for the period 2001–2013 University of Turku, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing Science Annales Universitatis Turkuensis Turku 2016 ABSTRACT The continuity of care and flow of information must be ensured when transferring the responsibility of care, whether this is done within an organisation or from one organisation to another. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the nursing handover documents of long-term intensive care patients and changes to these documents during the years 2001–2013. Research data comprehended long-term intensive care patient handover documents (N = 250). Data was gathered from one university hospital intensive care unit and subjected to a content analysis of technical implementation, structure and content at five different time points. In addition to this, the nursing handover documents were analysed from a nursing decision-making standpoint. Sub-data (n = 5 x 50) from the years 2001, 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2013 was gathered. The first sub-data was manual, written on paper with a pen. The rest of the sub-data obtained was entered in a dedicated intensive care information system. The study developed an intensive care patient nursing handover document analysis framework, which was used to deductively analyse the research data. The results indicated that the transitioning to electronic records reinforced structure and identification improving the reusability of data was increased. Although intensive care nursing was recorded on nursing handover documents more comprehensively in more recent sub-data, it was done selectively with regard to overall patient care, e.g. there are no entries concerning the psychological support and counselling of patients or family members. Nursing handover documents do not contain a systematic description of the patient's communication and functional capacity at the moment of transfer. The patient's condition at the moment of transfer is not clearly indicated on the handover documents. Plans for follow-up treatment are not recorded at all. Nursing decision-making is difficult to find on the nursing handover documents used as research data. The study developed a handover document model for intensive care nursing that supports nursing decision-making and the continuity of care. Developmental recommendations focus on the management of co-operation within organisations for ensuring the continuity of care and enhancing each area of nursing in recording nursing handover documents by planning nursing for the patient, taking follow-up treatment resources into consideration. Keywords: Intensive care nursing, nursing decision-making, nursing records, information flow, nursing handover document, continuity of care

RECUEIL DES ŒUVRES POÉTIQUES de Jehan Molinet. Ms. in-fol. sur papier de 201 f., demi-rel. v. f, tr. r. (Rel. du XVIIIe siècle.)

Complainte (La) de Grece

The Falls of Niagara. --

Depicted by pen and camera.