Influência do estádio de maturação e do cultivo na composição de voláteis do maracujá (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo de pré-tratamentos de bagaço de cana para produção de etanol celulósico por hidrólise enzimática

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise dos compostos flavorizantes da cana-de-açúcar e otimização da aplicação de extratos ricos em β-glicosidases para liberação de aroma na produção de aguardente de cana

Pós-graduação em Química - IBILCE

Estudo sobre o uso do pentacloreto de nióbio em reações multicomponentes para síntese de derivados de 4-ARIL-3,4-DI-Hidrocumarinas

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

Atividade alelopática de chalcona sintética, de seus precursores e de cetonas e aldeídos relacionados

Vários metabólitos produzidos por plantas apresentam atividade herbicida. Essa característica tem levado à possibilidade de utilizar essas substâncias como herbicidas mais integrados às atuais exigências da sociedade. Entretanto, a obtenção dessas moléculas apresenta várias limitações, sendo, dessa forma, a síntese uma alternativa. Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar as variações na atividade alelopática da chalcona, 2,4'-dimetoxichalcona, em função dos precursores, ortoanisaldeído e 4-metoxiacetofenona, e de alterações nestes. Os bioensaios foram monitorados em condições controladas de 25 ºC e fotoperíodo de 12 horas. Como plantas-teste foram utilizadas as plantas daninhas malícia (Mimosa pudica) e mata-pasto (Senna obtusifolia). A atividade alelopática foi analisada em concentrações fixas de 100, 200 e 300 mg L^-1. A chalcona foi obtida via reação de condensação entre a 4-metoxiacetofenona e o ortoanisaldeído. Os resultados indicaram que a atividade alelopática está relacionada, em princípio, ao precursor A, 4-metoxiacetofenona. Mudanças nos precursores indicaram a possibilidade de aumentar a atividade alelopática, em especial no precursor A. Ausência do grupo CH₃O propiciou redução na atividade alelopática, indicando ser importante para a atividade. A presença de dois grupamentos OCH₃ no precursor da porção B da chalcona aumentou para 62% a atividade do aldeído. Esses resultados indicam que alterações de substâncias com atividades alelopáticas são uma possível via para enfrentar os problemas atrelados aos processos de isolamento e identificação de moléculas químicas com atividade alelopática, em espécies de plantas.

Interações entre íons Hg(II) e substâncias húmicas extraídas de diferentes solos da Bacia do Médio Rio Negro, Amazônia

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Electrochemical Determination of Organic Compounds in Automotive Fuels

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Structural characterization of diastereoisomeric ethano adducts derived from the reaction of 2'-deoxyguanosine with trans,trans-2,4-decadienal

Background levels of exocyclic DNA adducts have been detected in rodent and human tissues. Several studies have focused on bifunctional electrophiles generated from lipid peroxidation as one of the endogenous sources of these lesions. We have previously shown that the reaction of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dGuo) with trans,trans-2,4-decadienal (DDE), a highly cytotoxic aldehyde generated as a product of lipid peroxidation in cell membranes, results in the formation of a number of different base derivatives. Three of these derivatives have been fully characterized as 1,N-2-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts. In the present work, four additional adducts, designated A3-A6, were isolated from in vitro reactions by reversed-phase HPLC and fully characterized on the basis of spectroscopic measurements. Adducts A3-A6 are four diastereoisomeric 1,N-2-hydroxyethano-2'-deoxyguanosine derivatives possessing a carbon side chain with a double bond and a hydroxyl group. The systematic name of these adducts is 6-hydroxy3-(2'-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentafuranosyl)-7-((E)-1-hydroxy-oct-2-enyl)-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-imidazo- [1,2-a]purin-9-one. The proposed reaction mechanism yielding adducts A3-A6 involves DDE epoxidation at C2, followed by nucleophilic addition of the exocyclic amino group of dGuo to the C1 of the aldehyde and cyclization, via nucleophilic attack, on the C2 epoxy group by N-1. The formation of adducts A1-A6 has been investigated in acidic, neutral, and basic pH in the presence of H2O2 or tent-butyl hydroperoxide. Neutral conditions, in the presence of H2O2, have favored the formation of adducts A1 and A2, with minor amounts of A3-A6, which were prevalent under basic conditions. These data indicate that DDE can modify DNA bases through different oxidative pathways involving its two double bonds. It is important to structurally characterize DNA base derivatives induced by alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes so that the genotoxic risks associated with the lipid peroxidation process can be assessed.

Structural characterization of an etheno-2 '-deoxyguanosine adduct modified by tetrahydrofuran

The reaction of 2'-deoxyguanosine with the alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes trans-2-octenal, trans-2-nonenal, trans-2-decenal, trans,trans-2,4-nonadienal, and trans,trans-2,4-decadienal in THF gives rise to three novel adducts: 3-(2'-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentafuranosyl)-7-[3-hydroxy-1-(3(2'-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentafuranosyl)-3,5-dihydro-imidazo[1,2-alpha]purin-9-one-7-yl)-propyl] -3,5-dihydro-imidazo[1,2-alpha]purin-9-one (M) and 3-(2'-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentafuranosyl)-7-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-3,5-dihydro-imidazo[1,2-alpha]purin-9-one (A8 and A9), which are not observed in the absence of THF. These adducts were isolated from in vitro reactions by reversed-phase HPLC and fully characterized on the basis of spectroscopic measurements. Adduct A7 consists of two 1,N-2-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine (1,N-2-epsilondGuo) residues linked to a hydroxy-carbon side chain; adducts A8 and A9 are interconvertible 1,N-2-epsilondGuo derivatives bearing a THF moiety. The proposed reaction mechanism involves the electrophilic attack on 1,N-2-epsilondGuo by the carbonyl of 4-hydroxy-butanal, generated via ring opening of alpha-hydroxy-THF (THF-OH), yielding adducts A8 and A9. A further combination of these adducts with another 1,N-2-epsilondGuo produces the double adduct A7. These findings demonstrate that reactions of unsaturated aldehydes in the presence of THF produce novel condensation 1,N-2-epsilondGuo-THF adducts. Further studies would indicate the relevance of these adducts in THF toxicity.

Efficient one-pot synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo [a,j]xanthene derivatives promoted by niobium pentachloride

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Improved pretreatments applied to the sugarcane bagasse and release of lignin and hemicellulose from the cellulose-enriched fractions by sulfuric acid hydrolysis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Síntese de 14-aril-14h-dibenzol[a,j]xantenos e 4-aril-3,4-di-hidrobenzo[f]cumarinas promovida pelo pentacloreto de nióbio, com potencial aplicação na preparação de corantes sensibilizadores para utilização em dispositivos de Grätzel

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudos sobre a aplicação do pentacloreto de nióbio na síntese de derivados de 4-aril-3,4-di- hidrocumarinas

Coumarin is a natural active compound that can be found in many plants. The coumarins have many properties such as bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticoagulant, antibiotics, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial and antiviral, thus, they are widely used in medical applications. More recently the coumarin derivatives have attracted the interest of many research groups in the field of new materials, for example the possibility of their use as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) and lasers. The MCRs are defined as a process in which three or more reactants are combined in the same reaction pot, resulting in products with good structural complexity a single step, in addition to economy of atoms and selectivity and is a very important feature in modern synthetic methodology. In this work we investigated the use of niobium pentachloride as catalyst of the multicomponent reactions between phenolic derivatives, various aromatic aldehydes and β-diester derivatives in the synthesis of 4-aryl-3,4-dihydrocoumarin derivatives. The reactions were carried out at room temperature, under inert atmosphere (N2), using dichloromethane anhydrous (CH2 Cl2) as solvent, with a reaction time of most 120 hours. The products were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and submitted to spectrometric and spectroscopic analysis. The results show that NbCl5 is an excellent agent for promoting the synthesis of 4-aryl-3,4-dihydrocoumarin derivatives through multicomponent reactions, obtaining yields varying from 45 to 95%

Mitochondrial and peroxisomal population in post-pharyngeal glands of leaf-cutting ants after lipid supplementation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cooperative effects of H+ and H- hydrido carbonyl ruthenium derivatives; role of homogeneous and heterogeneous protonic and lewis acids in catalytic hydrocarbonylation reactions

The role played by H+ hydrido iodocarbonyl and H- hydrido carbonyl ruthenium catalysts in the different catalytic steps of hydroformylation and hydroesterification of olefins, and in the homologation of alcohols has been investigated. The H- hydrido carbonyl species are mainly involved in the activation of olefins and in the hydrogenation of the acyl intermediates to aldehydes and alcohols, whereas the H+ hydrido iodocarbonyl derivatives are involved in the activation of alcohols and other oxygenated substrates, and in their carbonylation to esters. The cooperation between the two species, possible under particular reaction conditions, results in an improvement of the selectivity towards homologation (carbonylation plus hydrogenation) products. Heterogeneous Lewis acid promoters, easily recyclable from the reaction mixture, have also been successfully used in the hydrocarbonylation of alcohols, resulting in an increase of the carbonylation and homologation products. A reaction pathway in agreement with the experimental results is discussed. © 1989.