Synthesis, properties and crystal structure of charge-transfer salt (DBTTF)(6)HSiMo12O40H2O

Charge-transfer salt (DBTTF)(6)HSiMo(12)O(40)4H(2)O was synthesized by electrocrystallization and characterized by IR spectrum and electronic spectrum. Its magnetic property, conductivity and crystal structure were determined. The title compound consists of heteropoly anions, water molecules and DBTTF columns which are formed by repeated arrangement of tetramer (DBTTF), in the direction of 15 degrees to the a axis in the tunnel constituted by the anions and other type of DBTTF. The title compound is paramagnetic and semiconducting. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

一种全芳香热致液晶聚芳醚酮

聚芳醚酮由于熔融粘度大和加工温度高而影响了其进一步工业化，因此降低熔融粘度和加工温度是研究聚芳醚酮的新课题[1]．目前在工程塑料中热致液晶高分子是一种具有低熔融粘度而性能优异的材料，其熔融粘度比一般高分子材料低得多，并且具有优异的机械性能[2]本文采用无现…

GAS PERMEABILITIES AND PERMSELECTIVITY OF PHOTOCHEMICALLY CROSS-LINKED POLYIMIDES

Photosensitive polyimide BTDA-3MPDA was modified by UV irradiation. The structure of UV-irradiated polyimides was investigated by FTIR and gel fraction measurements. The results showed that longer UV exposure time resulted in a higher extent of crosslinking. The gas permeabilities of hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen through UV-irradiated polyimides were characterized in a temperature range from 30 degrees C to 90 degrees C. Photocrosslinking resulted in a sharp decline in gas permeability for hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen through polyimide in the initial stage of photocrosslinking. Then, as the crosslinked benzophenone percentage amounted to 28-38% for hydrogen, 17-31% for oxygen and 3-28% for nitrogen, the gas permeabilities showed another sharp decline. Gas permselectivity increased significantly with the progress of photocrosslinking, and it can be adjusted in a wide range by controlling the extent of crosslinking. Arrhenius plots of gas permeability for hydrogen and oxygen through UV-irradiated polyimides are straight lines; for nitrogen, however, change in the slope of the straight line is observed and activation energies for hydrogen and oxygen permeation show abrupt increases when crosslinked benzophenone percentage amounts to about 30%. UV-irradiated polyimides with simultaneous high gas permeability and permselectivity make them ideal candidate materials for gas separation. (C) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

涂渍极性及强极性固定相硅膜改性弹性玻璃毛细管柱的研制

本工作研究了极性、强极性固定液直接涂渍在硅膜改性弹性玻璃毛细管内壁上,经优化温度老化色谱柱,成功地研制出OV-225、DEGS、Silar5、Silar9、Silar10等硅膜改性弹性玻璃毛细管柱。各种柱子均具有柱效高、惰性好、热稳定性好的色谱性能。

挤出反应加工的反应时间研究

挤出反应加工的反应时间研究王益龙，张鸿金，蹇锡高，黄葆同（大连理工大学高分子材料系，大连，１１６０１２）关键词挤出反应加工，聚乙烯，接枝，马来酸二丁酯，挤出反应时间挤出反应加工作为一个新的领域已引起重视［１］．有专利报道［２］，在单螺杆或双螺杆挤出机...

乙酰丙酮金属络合物对酸酐固化环氧树脂体系潜伏性促进作用的研究

酸酐固化环氧树脂体系比胺固化的体系具有更优异的力学和电气性能以及高温热稳定性能,但需要较高和较长的固化温度和时间。尽管在室温下有一定的使用期,为了节红能源和缩短生产周期,通常用叔胺类促进剂加快其固化反应速率,但此时体系的使用期较短。因此研制一种能用于酸酐固化环氧树脂体系的潜伏性促进剂是十分必要的。理想的潜伏性促进剂应使其在室温下的贮存使用期不受影响,且在一定的温度下具有较快的固化反应速率,此外,固化产物应具有良好的机电热性能。

INVESTIGATION OF THE PHOTOELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF RARE-EARTH MONOPHOSPHIDES

The optical, electrical and photoelectronic properties of rare earth monophosphides (LnP, Ln = La, Nd, Sm and Y) have been studied. The experimental results indicate that their resistivities are low, the electric conduction in all of them is N-type, the energy gaps of LaP, NdP, SmP and YP are 1.46eV, 1.15eV, 1.1eV and 1.0eV, respectively. The SmP/Si and YP/Si junctions exhibit the photovoltaic effect. They may be used as photoelectronic sensors.

COBALT PORPHYRIN NAFION FILM ON CARBON MICROARRAY ELECTRODE TO MONITOR OXYGEN FOR ENZYME ANALYSIS OF GLUCOSE

A microcarbon array electrode was modified by the placement of a Nafion film containing cobalt tetramethylpyridyl phorphyrin on its surface. This electrode was applied to the analysis of solution glucose when it was further modified by the immobilization of glucose oxidase on the outermost surface of the Nafion by the cross-linking of serum albumin with glutaraldehyde. The concomitant decrease in the concentration of oxygen, as it was consumed in the enzymatic reaction of glucose with glucose oxidase, was determined by either cyclic voltammetry or a double potential step method at the porphyrin-Nafion catalytic electrode. Glucose could be determined in the range of 0.01-4 mM rapidly, without interference from substances such as ascorbate or other saccharides.

镧系正磷酸盐的合成与性质

本文以RE_2O_3和(NH_4)_2HPO_4为原料制备了REPO_4(RE:La—Lu,Sc和Y)系列样品。研究了REPO_4化合物中磁化率与RE~(3+)离子原子序数的关系。REPO_4的结构分为单斜晶系(La—Gd,Tb)和锆英石型(Tb—Lu,Sc和Y)二种类型结构,测定和讨论了化合物的光谱。

Construction and characterization of a fosmid library for pathogenic bacterium Vibrio anguillarum

Vibrio anguillarum is a common bacterial pathogen in fish. However, little is known about its pathogenic mechanism, in part, because the entire genome has not been completely sequenced. We constructed a fosmid library for V. anguillarum containing 960 clones with an average insert size of 37.7 kb and 8.6-fold genome coverage. We characterized the library by end-sequencing 50 randomly selected clones. This generated 93 sequences with a total length of 57 485 by covering 1.4% of the whole genome. Of these sequences, 58 (62.4%) were homologous to known genes, 30 (32.3%) were genes with hypothetical functions, and the remaining 5 (5.3%) were unknown genes. We demonstrated the utility of this library by PCR screening of 10 genes. This resulted in an average of 6.2 fosmid clones per screening. This fosmid library offers a new tool for gene screening and cloning of V. anguillarum, and for comparative genomic studies among Vibrio species.

栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝免疫防御特性的比较研究

贝类养殖作为我国传统的海水养殖产业，在我国沿海地区的经济发展中起重要作用。但由于近年来养殖扇贝病害的不断发生，不仅造成了巨大的经济损失，而且直接威胁到现有养殖产业的生存和发展。目前认为，机体抗病能力的下降是发生流行性死亡的主要原因之一。因此，深入研究扇贝免疫防御特性，能更好地了解和解决贝类养殖中的病害问题。本文比较了健康状态和重金属污染以及高温胁迫下海湾扇贝和栉孔扇贝部分免疫指标的变化，并对同龄不同大小的栉孔扇贝的部分免疫指标进行了比较，以期更好的了解贝类的防御机制，为扇贝病害防治提供资料。研究结果如下: 用流式细胞仪技术对血细胞死亡率、细胞吞噬率和呼吸爆发进行了测定，发现健康状态下两种扇贝的细胞死亡率相差不大，海湾扇贝为4.83%，栉孔扇贝为4.95%；细胞吞噬率差异显著(P<0.05)，海湾扇贝为26.73%，栉孔扇贝为19.89%；呼吸爆发的基础值相差也不大，海湾扇贝为1.94，栉孔扇贝为1.56。另外用免疫化学方法对健康状态下栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝血淋巴和肝胰腺中SOD、ACP活性和MDA含量也进行了测定与比较。发现在血淋巴和肝胰腺中，两种扇贝SOD活性均存在显著差异(P<0.05)，其中海湾扇贝分别为995.43和113.99，栉孔扇贝分别为446.64和40.6；血淋巴和肝胰腺中ACP活性差异显著(P<0.05)，海湾扇贝分别为90.19和432.36，栉孔扇贝分别为73.26和146.63；血淋巴中和肝胰腺中MDA含量差异不显著(P>0.05)，海湾扇贝分别为3.37和92.46，栉孔扇贝分别为2.17和28.96。实验结果说明，海湾扇贝对细菌等异物的吞噬和杀灭能力以及机体自身的抗氧化能力高于栉孔扇贝，这为海湾扇贝比栉孔扇贝具有更高的抗逆性提供了证据。 用相同的方法对不同浓度(0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 mg L-1) Pb2+溶液浸泡后的栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝的血细胞死亡率、细胞吞噬率和呼吸爆发进行了检测，同时测定了Pb2+处理后肝胰腺中SOD、ACP活性和MDA含量的变化。结果表明，栉孔扇贝的血细胞死亡率与对照组相比有上升趋势，且随着Pb2+浓度的增加而显著增加，而海湾扇贝在相同条件Pb2+的胁迫下，血细胞的死亡率明显低于栉孔扇贝。栉孔扇贝各实验组细胞吞噬率均低于对照组，而海湾扇贝在低浓度的Pb2+浸泡后，细胞的吞噬率与对照组相比有所降低，但随着浓度的继续增加，细胞的吞噬率反而上升，甚至略高于对照组。栉孔扇贝血细胞的呼吸爆发在Pb2+胁迫后较对照组有所升高，但随着浓度的增加，呼吸爆发有下降的趋势，而海湾扇贝的呼吸爆发随着Pb2+浓度的增加而显著增加。对两种扇贝体液免疫指标的测定发现，各实验组SOD的活性均比对照组高，且海湾扇贝的SOD活性高于栉孔扇贝；随着Pb2+浓度的增加，各实验组ACP的活性一直呈上升趋势，且海湾扇贝的ACP活性也高于栉孔扇贝；Pb2+处理后MDA的含量均显著增加，其中栉孔扇贝MDA含量的增幅明显高于海湾扇贝。该结果说明，Pb2+对两种扇贝的免疫系统都有一定的影响，但相同剂量的Pb2+对两种扇贝的毒害程度不同，海湾扇贝对Pb2+的耐受性似乎高于栉孔扇贝。 对海湾扇贝和栉孔扇贝的升温刺激实验发现，当养殖水体的温度从18℃缓慢升高到30℃后，栉孔扇贝在第三天开始出现大量死亡现象，而海湾扇贝未出现死亡。因而本文只对升温前后的海湾扇贝进行了细胞死亡率、吞噬率和呼吸爆发的测定和比较。结果发现，与升温前相比，血细胞的死亡率在温度升高后略有增加，但差异不显著(P>0.05)；而细胞吞噬率在温度升高后显著下降；通过对呼吸爆发积聚的活性氧（Reactive Oxygen Species，ROS）的测定发现，升温后血细胞的ROS含量显著高于升温前(P<0.05)。该结果表明，高温会影响血细胞的功能，使机体的免疫防御能力下降，从而导致病害的发生。 另外，本文对同龄不同大小的栉孔扇贝的血细胞吞噬率以及血淋巴和肝胰腺中SOD、ACP活性和MDA含量进行了测定与比较。结果发现: 小扇贝的血细胞吞噬率略高于大扇贝，分别达到了22.82和20.96；在血淋巴及肝胰脏中，两组扇贝SOD酶的活性均差异显著(P<0.05)，小扇贝分别为613.88和102.01，大扇贝分别为356.15和50.22；血淋巴中小扇贝ACP的活性极显著的高于大扇贝(P<0.01)，分别为44.3和2.91，但肝胰腺中大扇贝和小扇贝ACP的活性相差不大，大扇贝为455.75，小扇贝为485.33；大扇贝和小扇贝血淋巴和肝胰脏中MDA含量相差不大，大扇贝分别为2.67和31.83，小扇贝分别为3.17和35.33。该结果说明，小扇贝对细菌等异物的吞噬和杀灭能力以及机体自身的抗氧化能力高于大扇贝，这为生长与抗逆性相颉抗提供了依据。

Prediction of marine sediment corrosion by fuzzy clustering analysis

Along with the development of marine industries, especially marine petroleum exploitation, more and more pipelines are buried in the marine sediment. It is necessary and useful to know the corrosion environment and corrosiveness of marine sediment. In this paper, field corrosion environmental factors were investigated in Liaodong Bay marine sediment containing sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and corrosion rate of steel in the partly sediment specimens were determined by the transplanting burying method. Based on the data, the fuzzy clustering analysis (FCA) was applied to evaluate and predict the corrosiveness of marine sediment. On that basis, the influence factors of corrosion damage were discussed.

高寒草甸不同海拔梯度土壤有机质氮磷的分布和生产力变化及其与环境因子的关系

以高寒草甸6个不同海拔(从低到高依次为3 840,3 856,3 927,3 988,4 232,4 435 m)梯度内的野外观测和土壤实测数据,分析了土壤有机质、氮、磷的分布特征及其与土壤含水量和土壤温度之间的关系.结果表明,土壤有机质、土壤全氮、土壤速效氮、土壤全磷含量均在第一梯度(3 840 m)和第六梯度(4 435 m)较高,中间梯度较低,但土壤速效磷变化有波动;土壤含水量对土壤有机质、氮、磷作用强度依次为土壤全氮、土壤有机质、土壤全磷、土壤速效氮、土壤速效磷;土壤温度对土壤有机质、氮、磷作用强度依次为土壤速效氮、土壤有机质、土壤全氮、土壤全磷、土壤速效磷;温度对高寒草甸植物群落初级生产力(地上生物量)的作用最大,是决定不同海拔梯度植物群落初级生产力的主要环境因子,其回归方程为:Ya＝-92.982+13.832X3(F＝13.355,P<0.05).

青藏高原高寒灌丛CO2通量日和月变化特征

采用涡度相关法对青藏高原高寒灌丛CO2通量进行连续观测的结果表明,青藏高原高寒灌丛CO2通量呈明显的日和月变化特征.就日变化而言,暖季(7月)CO2通量峰值出现在12:00左右(-1.19 g CO2/(m2•h)-1),08:00～19:00时CO2净吸收,而20:00～07:00为CO2净排放; 冷季(1月)CO2通量变化振幅极小,除11:00～17:00时少量的CO2净排放以外(0.11 g CO2/(m2•h)-1左右),其余时段CO2通量接近于零.从月变化来看,6～9月为CO2净吸收阶段,8月CO2净吸收最大,6～9月CO2净吸收的总量达673 g CO2/m2; 1～5月及10～12月为CO2净排放,共排放446 g CO2/m2,4月CO2净排放最大.全年CO2通量核算表明,无放牧条件下青藏高原高寒灌丛是显著的CO2汇,全年CO2净吸收量达227 g CO2/m2.

六功能水下机械手的变结构控制方法和应用研究

随着各国对海洋资源开发利用的加剧，水下机械手作为作业型水下机器人首选配置的一种通用作业工具，应用范围不断扩展，而现有的水下机械手采用主从控制方式，在水下复杂的作业环境下精度及效率不高，限制了水下机械手的使用。引入监控模式的机械手系统是水下机械手发展的一个主流方向。本课题就是以实现机械手的监控模式为目标，针对在实现监控式机械手过程中遇到的两个鱼待解决的难题：机械手的实时运动学逆解和复杂条件下满足高精度轨迹跟踪要求的控制方法，以六功能水下机械手为对象展开并完成课题工作。本文的主要研究成果分为以下三个部分：针对此机械手运动学逆解不能简单由解析方式给出的特点，本文提出运用基于约束最优化的变尺度算法。运用惩罚函数和二次插值选取迭代步长，保证了搜索的有效性；没有直接求解二阶导数，不存在奇异解。该算法是超线性收敛。对实例的求解证明了该算法的快速性和在解决此水下机械手在线轨迹规划时的有效。针对现有的水下机械手关节位置控制中采用PID控制算法而存在的一些缺点，本文以电液位置伺服的肩转关节为例，进行了滑模控制方法的研究。设计了单关节的滑模控制器，并把简化后的滑模控制器运用到实际的控制系统中，仿真和实验结果表明在复杂条件下滑模控制与PID控制相比有高精度和快速的跟踪性能。针对滑模控制的“颤振”现象，引入模糊控制的思想，设计了单关节的模糊滑模控制器，仿真和最终的实验证明了运用模糊滑模控制能有效消弱“颤振”，系统有良好的跟踪性能。针对原有的控制系统不适合于监控方式的机械手控制的特点，重新设计了水下机械手的水下控制器，组建了基于RS－485通讯，以PC机为上位机系统和89C52为下位机系统的机械手两级控制系统，并在这个人机界面友好、工作稳定的系统上完成了本文所有的实验。