Vestidors nus

Vestidors nus presenta una descripció etnogràfica centrada en el vestidor femení d'una piscina pública. Les línies teòriques d'estudi parteixen de l'espai físic i la seva relació amb el comportament humà, tenint en compte les qualitats biològiques, culturals, socials i de gènere.

Ocupant la Límia : una etnografia de la Límia durant la festa de "O Esquecemento!

Mites, significat, espais i etnografia de la festa de "O Esquecemento" de la localitat de Xinzo da Límia (Ourense).

Polymédication et personne agée: ni trop ni trop peu [Polypharmacy and the elderly: neither too much nor too little].

Elderly persons are at high risk of polypharmacy. Polypharmacy has been associated with numerous adverse outcomes, such as poorer quality of life, higher morbidity and mortality. However, deciding to stop or to continue a treatment is a difficult task, which confronts the physician to complex clinical and ethical choices. Such a decision requires a geriatric multidimensional assessment of the patient, an estimation of his or her prognosis, the definition of the goals of care and a careful assessment of the time to benefit of each drug. Diverse methods and tools to support the physician in this process are discussed in this article. However these can not replace a reflexive approach of the physician that integrates the values and representations of the patient with regard to his or her health and end of life, as well as his or her needs, fears and choices.

A Method and Tool to Support the Analysis and Enhance the Understanding of Peer-to-Peer Learning Experiences

In this paper we look at how a web-based social software can be used to make qualitative data analysis of online peer-to-peer learning experiences. Specifically, we propose to use Cohere, a web-based social sense-making tool, to observe, track, annotate and visualize discussion group activities in online courses. We define a specific methodology for data observation and structuring, and present results of the analysis of peer interactions conducted in discussion forum in a real case study of a P2PU course. Finally we discuss how network visualization and analysis can be used to gather a better understanding of the peer-to-peer learning experience. To do so, we provide preliminary insights on the social, dialogical and conceptual connections that have been generated within one online discussion group.

La selva tecnológica: sistemas socitécnicos y antropología simétrica en comunidades ribereñas del Bajo Amazonas

El objetivo de esta tesis es reinterpretar la idea “tecnología” partiendo del ejemplo etnográfico de varias comunidades ribereñas del Bajo Amazonas. La hipótesis que va a defenderse es que si se trasciende la perspectiva técnica y se analiza la “tecnología” desde un punto de vista antropológico, ésta se revela como algo indisociable de otras dimensiones sociales como 1. el cuerpo, 2. el conocimiento local 3. la modernización, 4. la política agraria y 5. la espiritualidad. Los datos etnográficos se han obtenido durante diez meses de trabajo de campo en diversas comunidades ribereñas formadas, principalmente, por población mestiza. La situación híbrida de estos ribereños, que mantienen las técnicas tradicionales indígenas y a la vez se acomodan al influjo de la modernidad, permite tender un puente analítico entre la tecnología amazónica y la tecnología “occidental”. El objetivo teórico que subyace a la propia etnografía es establecer un eje de simetría entre ambos sistemas sociotécnicos, para lo cual se propone evitar la valoración de la tecnología en tanto que instrumento y einterpretarla como estrategia relacional. Partiendo de esa perspectiva analítica, a lo largo de este trabajo se verá cómo la antropología amazónica y la antropología de la tecnología, aparentemente disociadas, confluyen en un cuadro interpretativo según el cual los ribereños del Bajo Amazonas (y si la simetría es correcta, también la población postindustrial), tienden a disolver la clásica distinción naturaleza/cultura en la continuidad relacional generada por sus sistemas tecnológicos.

Accompagnement thérapeutique : le chemin du suivi à long terme [Patient education: the way for long-term follow up]

L'éducation thérapeutique du patient est maintenant parfaitement intégrée dans les soins. Son champ d'application se situe essentiellement dans le domaine des maladies chroniques pour l'acquisition de compétences dans la gestion du traitement, en coopération avec les professionnels. En médecine ambulatoire, patients et soignants se heurtent actuellement aux difficultés du suivi avec sa part d'incertitude, lassitude et de pression économique. La médecine fondée sur les preuves (EBM) et les différents modèles en psychologie de la santé ne nous éclairent que partiellement le chemin. Un nouveau type de démarche réflexive est en train d'émerger. Cette réflexion devrait placer en son centre la notion de relation thérapeutique : entre science et existence. Nous résumons ici ce processus réflexif en cours d'une équipe interdisciplinaire regroupant sciences humaines, art et médecine. Therapeutic education is now perfectly integrated in caring and medicine. Its field of application is primarily in chronic diseases for the acquisition of competences in the management of treatments, in co-operation with health professionals. In ambulatory medicine, patients and health professionals are currently running up against the difficulties of the long-term follow-up with its part of uncertainty, lassitude and economic pressure. EBM and the various models of health psychology light us only partially the way. A new type of reflexive step is emerging. This way of thinking should place in its center the concept of therapeutic relation: between science and being. We summarize here our reflexive process in the course of an interdisciplinary team gathering social sciences, art and medicine

Autonomía comunitaria y caciquismo: identidad étnica, control social y violencia en una comunidad mixe de Oaxaca

La etnografía de la comunidad mixe de Salto de la Tuxpana y del grave conflicto que se produjo entre 2005 y 2007 es el punto de partida del presente artículo. La investigación realizada arrojó como resultado más destacado el descubrimiento de un violento cacicazgo, legitimado ideológicamente en la autonomía comunitaria, la identidad étnica y el reclamo de una jurisdicción propia, y asentado firmemente sobre tres mecanismos de control social: protección a través de la Policía Comunitaria Armada, acceso a la tierra y acceso a los programas de «desarrollo». El caciquismo se define como el régimen político personalista, basado en estructuras clientelares, que monopoliza y controla recursos y votos. También se propone la hipótesis de que la mayor parte de la violencia desplegada por los caciques es el resultado del proceso de reproducción social del mismo sistema político, cuando se genera una faccionalización simétrica de la comunidad, después de un periodo de estabilidad complementaria.

Stranger than Fiction: Métalepse de Genette et quelques univers filmiques contemporains

Dans le présent article, l'auteur examine certains commentaires développés par Gérard Genette à propos d'exemples filmiques dans l'ouvrage Métalepse, et tente de prolonger l'étude de cette « figure » dans le cadre des théories de la fiction en se penchant sur des films réalisés dans la dernière décennie. Il montre ainsi la pertinence de l'étude des phénomènes relevant de la métalepse pour aborder certaines productions cinématographiques contemporaines qui engagent des pratiques réflexives complexes. Par ailleurs, il aborde la façon dont Genette se positionne par rapport à l'objet cinéma - qu'il tient distance -, et propose d'autres ouvertures théoriques, notamment en tenant plus spécifiquement compte des théories de l'énonciation filmique. Enfin, il discute certains problèmes soulevés par la conception genettienne de la « diégèse » appliquée au cinéma, notamment dans le cas de l'analyse des implications du procédé du pont sonore et des sons dits « extradiégétiques ». L'étude s'achève par l'analyse de la transgression des niveaux narratifs dans un film à voix-over, Stranger than fiction (Marc Forster, 2006), qui constitue un lieu privilégié pour éprouver certaines remarques de Genette. This article discusses some reflections developed by Gérard Genette with respect to the filmic examples in Métalepse and tries to pursue the study of this figure within the framework of fiction theories, by focusing on certain films released in the last decade. The article also shows how the study of metalepsis can be important in order to address contemporary movies presenting complex self-reflexive strategies. Furthermore, it gives account of the particular way in which Genette deals with cinema and suggests some other possible theoretical developments, considering in particular the theories about filmic enunciation. Finally, the paper discusses some problems concerning Genette's idea of "diegesis" when it is applied to cinema and analyses the transgression of narrative levels in a voice-over film - in this case Stranger than Fiction (Marc Forster, 2006), which provides a particularly interesting example in order to test some of Genette's remarks.

Devenir charrùa dans l'Uruguay de l'après dictature Entre mémoires fragmentées et « sens du collectif ». Une ethnographie audiovisuelle en collaboration.

Dans cette recherche, je me suis intéressée à la genèse des rapports sociaux construisant un collectif, dans l'articulation être nommé et se nommer. En Uruguay, pays construit sur un imaginaire social dit "sans indiens", mon travail a consisté à essayer de comprendre les conditions historiques, sociales et politiques d'émergence de collectifs de personnes réclamant l'appartenance à une identité autochtone précise, l'identité charrùa. J'ai démontré qu'il s'agit d'un processus en cours, individuel et collectif, qui a des temporalités diverses, qui a néanmoins émergé depuis une vingtaine d'années, dans le contexte de la post-dictature et celui géopolitique de l'autochtonie, dans une articulation local/global. L'analyse dévoile que l'identité charrùa est l'enjeu du rapport social qui est la lutte politique contre l'exclusion. Cette identité accompagne l'état-nation depuis sa fondation. Figure duelle, cette identité contient les traces des violences internes dans un continuum de mémoires fragmentées et entrelacées. Elle est aussi promesse de devenir en tant que modèle identitaire parvenu à l'autonomie et conservant le « sens du collectif ». Anthropologue engagée, me situant dans une perspective décoloniale, j'ai proposé aux personnes avec qui j'ai effectué cette recherche, d'élaborer une ethnographie collaborative, la caméra et les films se situant au coeur du terrain, compris comme espace relationnel de construction d'une connaissance partagée. -- My research is based on the genesis of social relations which build up a collective, structured on being named and be named. My work in Uruguay, country built on a social construct called "without Indians", was to try to understand the historical, social and political conditions of emerging collectives. These claim the belonging of a precise indigenous identity, the charrua identity. I showed that the current process, which is individual and collective, with different temporalities, emerged twenty years ago, in the post-dictatorship context as well as the geopolitical context of indigeneity, in a local/global structure. The analysis reveals that the charrua identity is the stake of the social relation which is political fight against exclusion. This identity accompanies the nation state since its foundation. Dategory dual, this identity keeps the traces of the internal in the continuum of the fragmented and intertwined memories. This is also the becoming promise of an identity model, which reaches autonomy and keeps the "sense of collective". As an involved anthropologist, I worked from a decolonization point of view. I suggested that the people who went through the research with me, should work out a collaborative ethnography, the video camera and the movies being set in the middle of the fieldwork. This one is conceived as a relational space of construction of a shared knowledge.

Human-Computer Interaction with older people through ethnographical lenses: everyday interactions with ICT

Report for the scientific sojourn carried out at the School of Computing of the University of Dundee, United Kingdom, from 2010 to 2012. This document is a scientific report of the work done, main results, publications and accomplishment of the objectives of the 2-year post-doctoral research project with reference number BP-A 00239. The project has addressed the topic of older people (60+) and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), which is a topic of growing social and research interest, from a Human-Computer Interaction perspective. Over a 2-year period (June 2010-June 2012), we have conducted classical ethnography of ICT use in a computer clubhouse in Scotland, addressing interaction barriers and strategies, social sharing practices in Social Network Sites, and ICT learning, and carried out rapid ethnographical studies related to geo-enabled ICT and e-government services towards supporting independent living and active ageing. The main results have provided a much deeper understanding of (i) the everyday use of Computer-Mediated Communication tools, such as video-chats and blogs, and its evolution as older people’s experience with ICT increases over time, (ii) cross-cultural aspects of ICT use in the north and south of Europe, (iii) the relevance of cognition over vision in interacting with geographical information and a wide range of ICT tools, despite common stereotypes (e.g. make things bigger), (iv) the important relationship offline-online to provide older people with socially inclusive and meaningful eservices for independent living and active ageing, (v) how older people carry out social sharing practices in the popular YouTube, (vi) their user experiences and (vii) the challenges they face in ICT learning and the strategies they use to become successful ICT learners over time. The research conducted in this project has been published in 17 papers, 4 in journals – two of which in JCR, 5 in conferences, 4 in workshops and 4 in magazines. Other public output consists of 10 invited talks and seminars.

General practitioners can evaluate the material, social and health dimensions of patient social status

OBJECTIVE: To identify which physician and patient characteristics are associated with physicians' estimation of their patient social status.DESIGN: Cross-sectional ulticentric survey. SETTING: Fourty-seven primary care private offices in Western Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS: Random sample of 2030 patients ≥ 16, who encountered a general practitioner (GP) between September 2010 and February 2011. MAIN MEASURES: PRIMARY OUTCOME: patient social status perceived by GPs, using the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status, ranging from the bottom (0) to the top (10) of the social scale.Secondary outcome: Difference between GP's evaluation and patient's own evaluation of their social status. Potential patient correlates: material and social deprivation using the DiPCare-Q, health status using the EQ-5D, sources of income, and level of education. GP characteristics: opinion regarding patients' deprivation and its influence on health and care. RESULTS: To evaluate patient social status, GPs considered the material, social, and health aspects of deprivation, along with education level, and amount and type of income. GPs declaring a frequent reflexive consideration of their own prejudice towards deprived patients, gave a higher estimation of patients' social status (+1.0, p = 0.002). Choosing a less costly treatment for deprived patients was associated with a lower estimation (-0.7, p = 0.002). GP's evaluation of patient social status was 0.5 point higher than the patient's own estimate (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: GPs can perceive the various dimensions of patient social status, although heterogeneously, according partly to their own characteristics. Compared to patients' own evaluation, GPs overestimate patient social status.

Organization of healthcare and assistance to the elderly indigenous population: synergies and particularities of the professional context

This study aimed to describe the effects of the organization of primary healthcare on the assistance provided to the elderly Kaingang population, according to the perception of health professionals that work in this area. It is a qualitative and descriptive study, supported by ethnography methodological references, and was conducted with ten healthcare professionals that work in Faxinal, an indigenous territory in the state of Paraná, in Brazil. Data was collected from November 2010 to February 2012 through participant observation and interviews. The results revealed that health professionals strive to meet the health needs of the elderly Kaingang people; however, there are negative effects that hinder the professional care, especially limited human resources, lack of training and material resources, heavy workload and high turnover rates. This study highlights the need to improve work conditions in order to provide better healthcare.

Ecologies of Value in a Wall Street Trading Room

Our task in this paper is to analyze the organization of trading in the era of quantitative finance. To do so, we conduct an ethnography of arbitrage, the trading strategy that best exemplifies finance in the wake of the quantitative revolution. In contrast to value and momentum investing, we argue, arbitrage involves an art of association-the construction of equivalence (comparability) of properties across different assets. In place of essential or relational characteristics, the peculiar valuation that takes place in arbitrage is based on an operation that makes something the measure of something else-associating securities to each other. The process of recognizing opportunities and the practices of making novel associations are shaped by the specific socio-spatial and socio-technical configurations of the trading room. Calculation is distributed across persons and instruments as the trading room organizes interaction among diverse principles of valuation.

Cultural singularities: indigenous elderly access to Public Health Service

OBJECTIVEDescribing how Kaingang seniors and their primary caregivers experience access to public health services.METHODA qualitative study guided by ethnography, conducted with 28 elderly and 19 caregivers. Data were collected between November 2010 and February 2013 through interviews and participative observation analyzed by ethnography.RESULTSThe study revealed the benefits and difficulties of the elderly access to health services, the facility to obtain health care resources such as appointments, medications and routine procedures, and the difficulties such as special assistance service problems and delays in the dispatching process between reference services.CONCLUSIONThe importance of knowing and understanding the cultural specificities of the group in order to offer greater opportunities for the elderly access to health services was reinforced.

Effects of web-based electrocardiography simulation on strategies and learning styles

OBJECTIVETo identify the association between the use of web simulation electrocardiography and the learning approaches, strategies and styles of nursing degree students.METHODA descriptive and correlational design with a one-group pretest-posttest measurement was used. The study sample included 246 students in a Basic and Advanced Cardiac Life Support nursing class of nursing degree.RESULTSNo significant differences between genders were found in any dimension of learning styles and approaches to learning. After the introduction of web simulation electrocardiography, significant differences were found in some item scores of learning styles: theorist (p < 0.040), pragmatic (p < 0.010) and approaches to learning.CONCLUSIONThe use of a web electrocardiogram (ECG) simulation is associated with the development of active and reflexive learning styles, improving motivation and a deep approach in nursing students.