Contributos para a validação da escala de auto-eficácia na amamentação para português

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário

"Amor a quanto obrigas…!" - Estudo comparativo da auto-eficácia do uso do preservativo masculino em jovens adultos masculinos e femininos

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário

Ensino, aprendizagem e avaliação no Ensino Superior: Perspetivas e práticas

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências da Educação - Especialidade de Desenvolvimento Curricular

O ajustamento psicossocial de jovens com consumos de substâncias psicoativas em escolas profissionais do grande Porto

Tese de Doutoramento em Estudos da Criança (Área de Especialidade Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Educação)

Contributos dos ambientes digitais online para a aprendizagem em contexto de atividades de apoio extraescolar

Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências da Educação (área de especialização em Tecnologia Educativa)

Breastfeeding and postpartum depression: state of the art review

Objective: To review the literature on the association between breastfeeding and postpartum depression. Sources: A review of literature found on MEDLINE/ PubMed database. Summary of findings: The literature consistently shows that breastfeeding provides a wide range of benefits for both the child and the mother. The psychological benefits for the mother are still in need of further research. Some studies point out that pregnancy depression is one of the factors that may contribute to breastfeeding failure. Others studies also suggest an association between breastfeeding and postpartum depression; the direction of this association is still unclear. Breastfeeding can promote hormonal processes that protect mothers against postpartum depression by attenuating cortisol response to stress. It can also reduce the risk of postpartum depression, by helping the regulation of sleep and wake patterns for mother and child, improving mother’s self efficacy and her emotional involvement with the child, reducing the child’s temperamental difficulties, and promoting a better interaction between mother and child. Conclusions: Studies demonstrate that breastfeeding can protect mothers from postpartum depression, and are starting to clarify which biological and psychological processes may explain this protection. However, there are still equivocal results in the literature that may be explained by the methodological limitations presented by some studies.

Relatório de estágio realizado na Escola Secundária José Gomes Ferreira

Para a grande maioria dos professores, tornarem-se melhores profissionais passa pelo alcance máximo de sucesso pelos seus alunos (Guskey, 2002), sendo este o principal foco deste relatório. A interligação entre as quatro áreas de intervenção do estágio pedagógico, permite potencializar cada uma. A reflexão sobre o desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional enquanto professora estagiária tendo em conta um sentimento de auto-eficácia positivo (Jardim & Onofre, 2009) e uma inteligência emocial (Mouton, Hansenne, Delcour & Coles, 2013) foi fundamental para contribuir para uma gestão correta da sala de aula através do modelo ecológico (Hastie e Siedentop, 1999) em conjunto com as 4 dimensões de uma intervenção pedagógico de sucesso (Sidentop, 1983; citado por Onofre, 1995). Tornando-se essencial entender a evolução e as diferenças entre os alunos por ser o centro do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Assim, o trabalho do professor, começa muito antes do espaço de sala de aula (Fentermacher & Soltis, 1986). A comunidade escolar da Escola Secundária José Gomes Ferreira, compreende que a disciplina tem benefícios educacionais, mas nem sempre a consegue suportar. Assim, é necessário promover experiências positivas no 1º ciclo, de forma a desenvolver atitudes positivas face à Educação Física.

Creencias de autoefcacia y emociones de logro en estudiantes universitarios. Vinculaciones con contextos de evaluación

El bajo rendimiento advertido en general en las aulas universitarias, sumado a la abulia y escasa motivación por aprender que parece caracterizar a muchos estudiantes, acentúan el desafío que enfrentan las universidades de intervenir para mejorar la calidad de la educación de los ciudadanos. Conocer más acerca de los recursos internos y externos con que cuentan nuestros estudiantes para aprender y analizar el modo en que repercuten en su motivación y aprendizaje es, sin duda, un modo de avanzar hacia contribuciones capaces de redundar en mejoras educativas. En este marco, proponemos brindar aportes teóricos y definir líneas de acción que contribuyan al diseño de contextos de evaluación óptimos para el surgimiento de creencias motivacionales y estados emocionales beneficiosos para los aprendizajes de estudiantes universitarios. Suponemos que un contexto de evaluación que propicie el uso del conocimiento por parte de los estudiantes, que favorezca el despliegue de estrategias de autorregulación y posibilite ricos procesos de feedback, favorecerá la emergencia de percepciones de autoeficacia positivas, de estados emocionales beneficiosos y la ampliación de las posibilidades de lograr éxito en los resultados obtenidos. Trabajaremos con estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, con muestras accidentales compuestas por la totalidad de alumnos que cursen Tráfico de señales –asignatura de Ing. en Telecomunicaciones- y Psicología Educacional -materia de distintos profesorados de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales. Los datos serán recabados mediante el Multidimensional Scales of Perceived Self-efficacy (Bandura, 1990); el Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (Pekrun et al., 2005); análisis de protocolos de evaluación, observación no participante de clases e instancias de evaluación; grabación en audio de las clases observadas y entrevistas semi-estructuradas a estudiantes. Los resultados obtenidos prometen aportes teóricos y orientaciones pedagógicas. Las contribuciones teóricas se vinculan con la profundización de los marcos teóricos y con los avances logrados en las interpretaciones realizadas. Las orientaciones pedagógicas, se vinculan con aportes al diseño de contextos de evaluación óptimos para el surgimiento de creencias motivacionales y estados emocionales beneficiosos para los aprendizajes. Este proyecto se estima importante y pertinente porque materializa uno de los desafíos que enfrentan actualmente los investigadores educacionales, esto es, conocer más acerca del modo en que los aspectos personales de los estudiantes interactúan con las características del contexto académico en situaciones genuinas de aprendizaje; porque considera un tópico de investigación que emerge con fuerza en la agenda de la Psicología Educacional, esto es, el estudio de las emociones académicas; porque integra tendencias metodológicas que marcan rumbos en el estudio de las variables consideradas.

Klimawandel, Wetterextreme und private Schadensprävention : Entwicklung, Überprüfung und praktische Anwendbarkeit der Theorie privater proaktiver Wetterextrem-Vorsorge

Climate change, adaptation, adaptive capacity, natural disasters, natural hazards, flood preparedness, self-protective behavior, protection motivation, damage mitigation, self-efficacy, risk perception

Clinician characteristics, communication, and patient outcome in oncology: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to review the literature on clinician characteristics influencing patient-clinician communication or patient outcome in oncology. METHODS: Studies investigating the association of clinician characteristics with quality of communication and with outcome for adult cancer patients were systematically searched in MEDLINE, PSYINFO, PUBMED, EMBASE, CINHAL, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library up to November 2012. We used the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement to guide our review. Articles were extracted independently by two of the authors using predefined criteria. RESULTS: Twenty seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Clinician characteristics included a variety of sociodemographic, relational, and personal characteristics. A positive impact on quality of communication and/or patient outcome was reported for communication skills training, an external locus of control, empathy, a socioemotional approach, shared decision-making style, higher anxiety, and defensiveness. A negative impact was reported for increased level of fatigue and burnout and expression of worry. Professional experience of clinicians was not related to communication and/or to patient outcome, and divergent results were reported for clinician gender, age, stress, posture, and confidence or self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Various clinician characteristics have different effects on quality of communication and/or patient outcome. Research is needed to investigate the pathways leading to effective communication between clinicians and patients. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A cognitive attempt to understanding female entrepreneurial potential: the role of social norms and culture

This article analyzes the different perceptions of both male and female potential entrepreneurs from three European regions differing in their respective level of economic development and entrepreneurial culture. We use an extended cognitive model of entrepreneurial intentions based on the theory of planned behaviour, the theory of normative social behaviour and social capital literature. Results show females have lower self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attraction than males, thus leading to lower entrepreneurial intention. Differences between the three subsamples are small when males are studied. However, female entrepreneurial intentions and perceptions are more affected by the cultural context.

Improvements in readiness to change and drinking in primary care patients with unhealthy alcohol use: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND: The course of alcohol consumption and cognitive dimensions of behavior change (readiness to change, importance of changing and confidence in ability to change) in primary care patients are not well described. The objective of the study was to determine changes in readiness, importance and confidence after a primary care visit, and 6-month improvements in both drinking and cognitive dimensions of behavior change, in patients with unhealthy alcohol use. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of patients with unhealthy alcohol use visiting primary care physicians, with repeated assessments of readiness, importance, and confidence (visual analogue scale (VAS), score range 1-10 points). Improvements 6 months later were defined as no unhealthy alcohol use or any increase in readiness, importance, or confidence. Regression models accounted for clustering by physician and adjusted for demographics, alcohol consumption and related problems, and discussion with the physician about alcohol. RESULTS: From before to immediately after the primary care physician visit, patients (n = 173) had increases in readiness (mean +1.0 point), importance (+0.2), and confidence (+0.5) (all p < 0.002). In adjusted models, discussion with the physician about alcohol was associated with increased readiness (+0.8, p = 0.04). At 6 months, many participants had improvements in drinking or readiness (62%), drinking or importance (58%), or drinking or confidence (56%). CONCLUSION: Readiness, importance and confidence improve in many patients with unhealthy alcohol use immediately after a primary care visit. Six months after a visit, most patients have improvements in either drinking or these cognitive dimensions of behavior change.

Sexual protection behavior in HIV-positive gay men: testing a modified information-motivation-behavioral skills model.

This study on determinants of sexual protection behavior among HIV-positive gay men used the empirically tested information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model. HIV-specific variables were added to the model to determine factors decisive for condom use with steady and casual partners. Data were collected using an anonymous, standardized self-administered questionnaire. Study participants were recruited at HIV outpatient clinics associated with the Eurosupport Study Group and the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. To identify factors associated with condom use, backward elimination regression analyses were performed. Overall, 838 HIV-infected gay men from 14 European countries were included in this analysis. About 53% of them reported at least one sexual contact with a steady partner; 62.5% had sex with a casual partner during the last 6 months. Forty-three percent always used condoms with steady partners and 44% with casual partners. High self-efficacy and subjective norms in favor of condom-use were associated with increased condom use with casual and steady partners, whereas feeling depressed was associated with decreased condom use with casual partners. Condoms were used less often with HIV-positive partners. Self-efficacy as an important behavioral skill to perform protection behavior was influenced by lower perceived vulnerability, higher subjective norms, and more positive safer sex attitudes. The IMB-model constructs appeared to be valid; however, not all the model predictors could be determined as hypothesized. Besides the original IMB constructs, HIV-specific variables, including sexual partners' serostatus and mental health, explained condom use. Such factors should be considered in clinical interventions to promote "positive prevention."

Lite4Life (Tier 2 adult weight management service)

This service Aims: To provide a multi-component weight management service that supports sustainable behaviour change and weight loss in adults 16 years and over with a BMI 28. To enable patients to develop the necessary personal attributes for their own long term weight management and to understand the impact of their weight on their health and co-morbidities. Objectives: To provide an evidence based, multi-component tier 2 weight management service that improves patients knowledge and skills for effective and sustainable weight loss helps patients identify their own facilitators for positive behaviour change and to address underlying barriers to long-term behaviour changeincreases patients self-efficacy and confidence in their ability to address their weight To be an integral part of the tiered approach to weight management services for the population of Stockton. To ensure equitable service provision across Stockton-on-Tees. To provide intensive group based service, one-to-one support and maintenance support. To support the service user to develop and review a personalised goal setting plan phase 2 and at discharge after phase 2. To ensure a smooth transition from the service (tier2) to tier 1 services to ensure continuity of care for service users.Recruit referrals using a variety of and appropriate methods. To establish a single point of contact for referrals into the service.Continually promote the service across a range of mediums and liaise and work in partnership with key interdependencies (refer to 2.4) To establish a robust database and data collection system in line with information governance. To ensure the access criteria, care pathway and referral process is clearly understood by all health care professionals and those who may refer into the service. To establish close links with, and signpost and/or enable service users to access suitable services where patient needs indicate this. This may include access to Tees Time to Talk (IAPT) for psychological therapies; Specialist Weight Management Service; physical activity programmes; Tier 1 services; and primary care. To provide the necessary venues, equipment and assets needed to deliver the programme, ensuring due regard is given to the quality and safety of all materials used. To collect and provide data in quarterly reports to the Commissioner to allow for continued monitoring and evaluation of the service in line with the Standard Evaluation Framework (available at www.noo.org.uk/core/SEF) and as specified by the Commissioner.

MoreLife Family Club Programme 5 - 10/ 11 - 16

This intervention aims to promote: Increased fitness Participation in extra curricula activities at school Knowledge on how to make healthy food choices It aims to provide tools, knowledge and strategies to enable families to enjoy a healthier lifestyle and to target improvements to families confidence, self-efficacy and self esteem