377 resultados para nordiska språk (namnforskning)


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The aim of this thesis is to investigate the use of literature within the Swedish Upper Secondary EFL-classroom from the studentsâ perspective. How do the students in the study relate to literature and its use to enhance and enable their communicative competence and cultural understanding? Also, how do their answers compare with their teacherâs and the adult perspectives and findings from previous international research? The empirical data obtained from the study has been analysed from the perspectives of sociocultural and motivational theory, and the findings show that the participating students believe literature to be a good didactic tool to apply in the EFL-classroom, both in order to enhance their communicative competence and their cultural understanding. The students prefer to have a sociocultural approach to their literature-learning, with group-discussions of various sizes. The key for the students in this respect is interesting, relevant and engaging subject-matter, as well as a positive and motivational teacher. The responses given by the students correlate with those given by their teacher as well as previous international research. The students regard literature as a way of gaining new perspectives, as well as experiencing language in use. Where they diverge somewhat from the international research is in regard to literatureâs use for enhancing their competence to speak in class, and that some students seem to think that communication and cultural understanding are separable. Future studies within this field might include the conducting of a larger and more in-depth survey regarding the studentsâ ideas about literature, culture and communication. Why do so many of the student respondents neither agree nor disagree with the statement concerning communication and cultural understanding being inseparable? This can be an important issue to investigate in todayâs global climate of cross-cultural and intercultural experiences, especially in view of the political climate of diverse attitudes towards refugees, immigrants and emigration

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The importance of extensive literature reading in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context has been given increasing attention in recent research. Literature reading is also a required part of the national syllabi of the (EFL) courses offered to both adolescents and adults at Upper Secondary level in Sweden. This thesis aims to investigate the teachersâ process of making literature choices for extensive reading in upper secondary EFL courses in Sweden. Eight teachers of three different student groups took part in the study, representing adolescent university preparatory programs and vocational programs, as well as programs for adult students. Questionnaires were used and the data was analyzed for patterns revealing three main factors affecting teachersâ literature choice: language proficiency, reading experience and contextual factors. These three factors were fitted into the theoretical framework of psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic reading models, with the addition of a perspective of motivational research. The results of this survey underline the importance of extensive reading, according to teachers, and that motivation for literature choice can be primarily related to factors associated with psycholinguistic reading models. The survey also points to the need for further investigating of teachersâ own experiences of literature reading, searching for deeper motivational factors which influence teaching choices. Another future field of research is the choice of reading activities assigned together with the chosen literature, which probably also influence teachersâ choices in the Swedish EFL classroom.

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The English language has become an international language and is globally used as a lingua franca. Therefore, there has been a shift in English-language education toward teaching English as an interna-tional language (EIL). Teaching from the EIL paradigm means that English is seen as an international language used in communication by people from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds. As the approach to English-language education changes from the traditional native-speaker, target country context, so does the role of culture within English-language teaching. The aim of this thesis is to in-vestigate and analyse cultural representations in two Swedish EFL textbooks used in upper-secondary school to see how they correspond with the EIL paradigm. This is done by focusing on the geograph-ical origin of the cultural content as well as looking at what kinds of culture are represented in the textbooks. A content analysis of the textbooks is conducted, using Kachruâs Concentric Circles of English as the model for the analysis of the geographical origin. Horibeâs model of the three different kinds of culture in EIL is the model used for coding the second part of the analysis. The results of the analysis show that culture of target countries and "Culture as social custom" dominate the cultural content of the textbook. Thus, although there are some indications that the EIL paradigm has influ-enced the textbooks, the traditional approach to culture in language teaching still prevails in the ana-lysed textbooks. Because of the relatively small sample included in the thesis, further studies need to be conducted in order to make conclusions regarding the Swedish context as a whole.

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Even though English should mainly be used in the EFL-classroom according to the Swedish national curriculum, some recent scholars have argued that a judicious use of the studentsâ L1 by the teachers in some particular situations may benefit the learning environment there. From this context, this thesis examines what research says about in what particular situations the L1 is used by teachers in upper secondary EFL-classrooms as well as the teachersâ and the studentsâ attitudes towards this practice. The method used was a systematic literature review, where seven articles from all across the globe were analyzed, compared and synthesized. The results show that the L1 was mainly used by the teachers when managing discipline, when explaining grammar and when teaching vocabulary. However, the articles did not conclude how the L1 could be used strategically by the teachers. Concerning the teachersâ and studentsâ attitudes, the majority of these were positive towards L1 use by the teacher in the above mentioned situations. However, the teachers were not aware of how the L1 could be used by them in a judicious and a strategic way. Lastly, it can be concluded that more research is needed on how the L1 can be used more strategically by the teachers as well as on the studentsâ perspective on this.

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This study aims to investigate possible distinctions between professional and non-professional written travel texts all treating the same destination: the Norwegian ski resort Trysil. The study will investigate to what extent the different texts correlate with the genre of travel texts, as the travel texts are treated as personal narratives, and how they conform to a given structure for narratives and with guidelines for professional writers. Furthermore, the investigation aims to explore to what extent there are similarities and differences between the texts regarding the given structure. The texts will first be analysed and organized separately by macrorules and a news schema that are constructed specifically for these sorts of texts, in order to reveal their discourse structure, and then compared to each other. As the discourse structure of the different texts is revealed, it is seen that there are certain differences between the two different text types. Finally, seen that the text types differ in their structure, this study will show that despite the fact that journalists write stories, and that non-professional written stories are narratives, they do not share the same structure, and are constructed in different ways.

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Die vorliegende Magisterarbeit ist die direkte Fortsetzung der Studie Die didaktische Umsetzung von Märchen â eine Literaturstudie. Hierbei handelt es sich in beiden Fällen an im Rahmen des Ãmneslärarprogrammes an HÃgskolan Dalarna verfasste Examensarbeiten. Diese hier präsentierte Studie untersucht inwieweit die innerhalb der Forschung gepriesenen Märchentexte tatsächlich von Lehrkräften an den schwedischen Schulen und im Bereich des DaFUnterrichtes didaktisch umgesetzt werden. Mit Hilfe einer Unterrichtseinheit mit dem Thema âžMärchen✠auf dem Gymnasium sowie einer unter Lehrkräften durchgeführten Umfrage betreffend deren Verwendung von Märchen im DaF-Unterricht konnte konstatiert werden, dass die im Literaturkanon stiefmütterlich behandelten Märchen mit Hilfe der meisten der befragten Pädagogen einen Weg in die Klassenzimmer gefunden haben. Die am Unterricht teilgenommenen Lernenden konnten gleichzeitig bestätigen, dass eine solche didaktische Umsetzung nicht nur Freude bereiten, sondern ebenfalls die Lernbereitschaft steigern und damit auch das Wissen erweitern kann.

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Pronouns carry considerable importance in language. The speakerâs identity and connection to the audience emerges through the consistent use of certain pronouns (De Fina, 1995). This research is about the use of we, us, and our in political discourse. Specifically, their use will be examined in the inaugural addresses of George W. Bush in 2005 and Barack Obama in 2009. The aim of this research is to examine the frequencies and the co-occurrences of these pronouns and then compare their use in these two speeches. More specifically, how do the pronouns examined affect the message and enhance hearer credibility. This is done by applying (a) a quantitative corpus linguistics analysis and (b) qualitative analysis of the context of use. The results show that there is a difference in frequency of pronoun use; however, the usage of pronouns is rather similar in the two speeches

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Le travail actuel a été rédigé dans le but dâéclaircir en quoi consiste le rôle de lâimage comme outil didactique aux cours de français aux collèges et aux lycées suédois. Nous avons abordé notre thème sous des perspectives différentes : dâun côté, nous avons analysé les images dans deux livres, puisque les manuels font souvent partie de chaque leçon de français ; de lâautre côté, nous avons fait un questionnaire que nous avons distribué aux professeurs à travers les médias sociaux et par email. Nous avons également étudié les données récoltées aux cours des entretiens avec trois professeurs de français au lycée suédois, pour savoir comment les professeurs intègrent des images dans la pratique. Selon les résultats de notre étude, il nous a été possible dâaffirmer que lâimage est un outil qui nâest pas omniprésent, mais qui est parfois utilisé afin de rendre les leçons plus variées. La photographie est le type dâimage le plus répandu dans la pratique des professeurs et dans les manuels ; le format numérique est le plus fréquent en tenant en compte de la révolution technologique et de lâhabitude des jeunes à travailler avec les ordinateurs. Cependant, lâimage nâest pas un outil indépendant. Elle est très souvent complétée par dâautres outils didactiques et sert principalement à accompagner la lecture, à développer lâexpression orale et le vocabulaire et aussi à illustrer des phénomènes culturels. En conclusion, il ressort de notre mémoire, quâil est important que le professeur accompagne le travail avec des images avec des instructions et des commentaires, afin de rendre lâapprentissage plus efficace.

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Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersÃka hur lärare beskriver och uppfattar sitt arbete i tvÃ¥ olika fÃrberedelseklasser, en med en hÃg andel flersprÃ¥kiga elever och en med fÃ¥ flersprÃ¥kiga elever. I studien jämfÃrs och analyseras lärarnas beskrivningar av arbetssätt, fÃrberedelseklassens organisation och elevernas skolframgÃ¥ng. FÃr att uppnÃ¥ syftet har en kvalitativ studie genomfÃrts där fyra lärare har intervjuats. Resultaten som framkom visar att arbetssätten i de bÃ¥da fÃrberedelseklasserna är snarlika. Samtliga lärare betonar vikten av att utforma arbetet utifrÃ¥n varje individ och utgÃ¥ ifrÃ¥n elevens tidigare kunskaper. I resultatet visade sig den stora skillnaden mellan skolorna vara tillgÃ¥ngen pÃ¥ modersmÃ¥lslärarna och studiehandledarna. Vidare är fÃreberedelseklasserna organiserade pÃ¥ olika sätt och gruppuppdelningarna ser även olika ut. Resultatet uppvisar att utslussningen frÃ¥n fÃrberedelseklasserna i bÃ¥da fallen sker efter ungefär ett och ett halvt Ã¥r. Informanterna berättar om vikten av kartläggning och samarbete med ämnes- och klasslärare. När det gäller elevernas skolframgÃ¥ng visar det sig i denna undersÃkning att samtliga lärare menar att det är ytterst individuellt hur eleverna klarar sig efter sin tid i fÃrberedelseklassen. Informanterna pekar pÃ¥ att det är olika faktorerar som pÃ¥verkar elevernas skolframgÃ¥ngar. Vidare pekar resultatet pÃ¥ att i bÃrjan av sin tid i fÃrberedelseklassen interagerar eleverna främst med varandra, men att eleverna tids nog integreras och blir slutligen en del av den ordinarie klassen. Slutligen visar resultatet att faddersystem är att fÃredra, men att det oftast är andrasprÃ¥kselever som blir faddrar till de nyanlända.

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Denna litteraturstudie undersÃker hur lärare, enligt tidigare forskning, skulle kunna arbeta med naturvetenskapligt sprÃ¥k samt vilken betydelse ett arbetssätt som lyfter sprÃ¥ket kan ha fÃr elevers lärande av naturvetenskap. Detta är en systematisk litteraturstudie där relevant forskning har sÃkts via databaser och en tidsskrift fÃr att noggrant dokumenteras. NorDiNa är den tidskrift som har bidragit med mest material till denna systematiska litteraturstudie, men även databasen ERIC och HÃgskolan Dalarnas databas Summon har genomsÃks och bidragit med forskningsrapporter. Resultatet visar att det finns flera metoder som kan användas fÃr att stÃdja elevers lärande av naturvetenskapliga begrepp. Läraren har en viktig roll i den naturvtenskapliga utbildningen och behÃver vara ansvarstagande och fÃrberedd infÃr de utmaningar som kan dyka upp, detta fÃr att kunna bemÃta och hjälpa elever pÃ¥ bästa sätt. Eleverna behÃver stÃttning i mÃtet med det naturvtenskapliga sprÃ¥ket och hjälp fÃr att lära sig och fÃrstÃ¥ det. SprÃ¥ket har visats i studien vara en viktig komponent fÃr att fÃrstÃ¥ naturvetenskapen bÃ¥de i och utanfÃr skolan. Sammanfattningsvis sÃ¥ behÃver lärare arbeta med det naturvetenskapliga sprÃ¥ket utifrÃ¥n varierande arbetsmetoder som väcker intresse fÃr elevernas fortsatta utveckling inom det naturvetenskapliga sprÃ¥ket och ämnet.

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Previous research has shown multiple benefits and challenges with the incorporation of childrenâs literature in the English as a Second language (ESL) classroom. In addition, the use of childrenâs literature in the lower elementary English classroom is recommended by the Swedish National Agency for Education. Consequently, the current study explores how teachers in Swedish elementary school teach ESL through childrenâs literature. This empirical study involves English teachers from seven schools in a small municipality in Sweden. The data has been collected through an Internet survey. The study also connects the results to previous international research, comparing Swedish and international research. The results suggest that even though there are many benefits of using childrenâs literature in the ESL classroom, the respondents seldom use these authentic texts, due to limited time and a narrow supply of literature, among other factors. However, despite these challenges, all of the teachers claim to use childrenâs literature by reading aloud in the classroom. Based on the results, further research exploring pupilsâ thoughts in contrast to teachers would be beneficial. In addition, the majority of the participants expressed that they wanted more information on how to use childrenâs literature. Therefore, additional research relating to beneficial methods of teaching English through childrenâs literature, especially in Sweden, is recommended.

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Projektet syftar till att belysa den Munktellska salongen i Falun som en landsortsvariant av det tidiga 1800-talets svenska salongskultur i relation till internationella, främst tyska fÃrebilder. Det mer specifika syftet är att fÃrdjupa fÃrstÃ¥elsen av salongskulturens pedagogiska arv och dess fÃrankring i tidens bildningsdiskussion och hur det i sin tur har pÃ¥verkat senare utbildningssträvanden och skoluppbyggnad (Wilhelmy1989). Kan salongen ses som en mÃjlig utgÃ¥ngspunkt fÃr att utforska pedagogiken under tidigare historiska epoker? Kan man tala om salongens pedagogik? och ägde salongskulturen pedagogiska kvaliteter som gick fÃrlorade under det formella utbildningssystemets uppbyggnad? Det är frÃ¥gor jag ställer mig inom ramen fÃr detta forskningsprojekt. Ett centralt begrepp är immanent pedagogik, dvs. individens inneboende mÃjligheter till självfÃrverkligande i en given social kontext (Ãdman 1995). Projektet utgÃ¥r tysk bildningsteori med relevans fÃr det romantiska nyhumanistiska bildningsidealet. I fÃrhÃ¥llande till det tyska bildningsarvet uppmärksammas även den svenska bildningstraditionen frÃ¥n 1800-talets bÃrjan (Burman & Sundgren 2010). Särskilt intresse riktas mot Uppsala universitet där spänningen mellan klassiskt arv och bildningsnytta ställs pÃ¥ sin spets under samma tidsperiod som salongerna blomstrar (Gustavsson 1996; Lindqvist 1976). Tidigare forskning vilar främst pÃ¥ internationell och Nordisk forskning där Petra Wilhelmy och Anne Scott Sørensen har en central position. Genom Eva ÃhrstrÃm skapas ocksÃ¥ ett viktigt vetenskapligt underlag fÃr den specifikt musikaliska salongen och dess betingelser. Den Munktellska salongen är placerad i en historiskt intressant miljÃ. Falun rankades under stormaktstiden som rikets andra stad och bidrog till uppbyggnaden av Sveriges statskick (Hildebrand 1946). Väsentligt fÃr studien är att Stora Kopparberget utgÃr ett paradigm i Svensk industrihistoria vars mentalitet anses ha haft betydelse fÃr pedagogikens inriktning i Sverige (Ãdman 1995:485). Den pedagogiska debatten under 1800-talets fÃrsta decennier fÃ¥r stora konsekvenser fÃr utbildningsreformationen i Sverige och placerar Falusalongen i en intressant position fÃr epokens pedagogiska fÃrändringsarbete. Brukspatronen Johan Henrik Munktell (1804-1861) visar sig dessutom stÃ¥ i fÃrbindelse med ett unikt musikhistorisk arv som etablerades under hans bildningsresor pÃ¥ kontinenten under 1820-talet. Av särskilt intresse är Henrik Munktells besÃk i den Mendelssohnska salongen. Mendelssohns i Berlin var en av Europas viktigaste salonger och en fÃrebild fÃr den musikaliska salongen i Europa (ÃhrstrÃm 1998, 2007). Projektet bestÃ¥r av tre delstudier där den fÃrsta upptar Johan Henrik Munktells bildningsresor under det tidiga 1800-talet. Projektets andra del undersÃker hur salongen i Grycksbo formades och de fÃrbindelser mellan Norden och Europa som salongerna skapade. Projektets tredje del riktas mot salongens didaktiska funktioner och den utbildning som dÃttrarna Emma och Helena Munktell fick via salongen. Genom att satsa pÃ¥ sina yrkeskarriärer brÃt Emma och Helena Munktell mot samtidens konventioner och ideal. De avvek samtidigt mot den kanon och de genuskoder som historiskt format salongsmusicerandet. Med inspiration av begreppet immanent pedagogik prÃvar jag det lärande som sker i salongen i termer av ljusets och dunklets pedagogik. Begreppsparet kan knytas till bildningsdiskursen och det narrativa minnet av Berlins judiska salonger. Metoden baseras pÃ¥ Paul Ricoeurs hermeneutik och bygger pÃ¥ att de narrativa momenten kvalificeras genom tre tolkningsnivÃ¥er som tillsammans avser att ge det historiska materialet en nybeskrivning eller redéscription (Liljas 2007; Ricoeur 1984). Genom Falusalongerna kan den nordiska salongsforskningen breddas. I kopplingen till Falu gruvas internationellt kända historia finns upplysningar om salongen som i den tidigare salongsforskningen inte varit kända. Genom projektet redogÃrs fÃr betingelser som bidrar till att fÃrändra det utbildningshistoriska landskapet. Den musikaliska salongen kan med sin privat organiserade struktur ses som en mÃjlig utgÃ¥ngspunkt fÃr att utforska pedagogiken under tidigare historiska epoker. Salongerna kan fÃrväntas berika det utbildningshistoriska perspektivet och bidra till en djupare fÃrstÃ¥else även av dagens skola och hÃgre utbildning.